"The development of the Han nation in the Tang Dynasty was not as strong as it appeared on the outside, on the contrary, the development of the Han nation in the Song Dynasty was beyond the imagination of ordinary people." ———— Mr. Kiyoshi Wada, a master of modern Japanese history

Most of the Tang Dynasty was a chaotic era, in the words of the Song Dynasty: "Where the Tang Dynasty ruled so little, the chaotic days were as many as others." It has been safe for a long time, but only a few decades. In the words of the Ming Dynasty: "Since Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, non-killing weapons started in the palace, then the traitors fought in the elbows and armpits, since the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty more than 20 years of rough peace, all chaotic days." Most of the Song Dynasty ruled the world, in the words of the Yuan Dynasty: "Since Jingde, there has been nothing to do in all directions, the people are happy, the household is prosperous, and the fields are expanding." In the words of the Ming Dynasty: "The prosperity of the Song Dynasty is far away from the present (Ming)." "How big is the gap between Tang and Song? It is the gap between troubled times and governing the world.

The population of the Tang Dynasty had more than 50 million at its peak, and the population of the Song Dynasty exceeded 100 million at its peak. Even the population of the Southern Song Dynasty was more than 10 million more than that of the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the Song people declared: "Since the birth of the people, those who can help Dengzi have not been as long as the Great Song Dynasty." "How big is the gap between Tang and Song? It's a 1:2 gap.

At the height of the Tang Dynasty, there were only 17 cities with a population of more than 100,000, while at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 52 cities with a population of more than 100,000. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It's a gap of 17 and 52.

The cities of the Tang Dynasty were "closed by the fang market", and the cities of the Song Dynasty were "integrated with the fang and the city". "Fang" refers to a residential area, and "city" refers to a commercial area. In the Tang Dynasty, residential and commercial areas were closed, and the time and place of commercial activities were restricted. In the Song Dynasty, residential and commercial areas were open-plan, and there were no restrictions on the time and place of commercial activities. The Tang Dynasty did not allow shops to be set up along the streets, and commercial activities in the capitals of Chang'an and Luoyang were limited to two small markets, the East and West markets. Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty, "has tea shops, wine shops, noodle shops, fruits, colored silks, velvet threads, incense candles, oil sauce, rice, rice, fish, meat and curd and other shops." Cover the broker's market home, often more than the store, and buy into food, which is a quick ear. "How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It's the gap between closure and openness.

In the Tang Dynasty, commercial houses were not allowed to raise high-rise buildings, and only the palaces and palaces of the royal family and nobles were tall. In the Song Dynasty, commercial and private houses could be built in high-rise buildings, and private restaurants were so high that they could see the interior of the palace. Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty was "hundreds of thousands of families like a game of Go, and the twelve streets were like planting vegetables." "Bianliang of the Northern Song Dynasty is" the building is closely connected, slightly without tolerance. "Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty is "a residential house with high forests, one building after another", and "a building outside the mountain". How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It is the gap between low and rigid buildings and high-rise buildings.

The cities of the Tang Dynasty were quiet and dark at night, and the cities of the Song Dynasty were noisy and splendid at night. Song City is the city of light in the dark night. The cities of the Song Dynasty were cities that were constantly surging with commerce day and night. We have always adhered to the principle that "the people of the city are constantly operating day and night, circulating goods and goods, selling hundreds of things, and supporting the countryside". Therefore, the commercial torrent and economic prosperity and progress of the Song Dynasty never stopped and were interrupted even in the dark night. How big is the gap between Tang and Song? It is the gap between 12 hours and 24 hours a day, the gap between darkness and tranquility and light and noise.

In the Tang Dynasty, it took more than 100 years from Zhenguan to Tianbao, which increased the area of cultivated land by more than 2 million hectares. It took more than 40 years from Kaibao to Tianxi in the Song Dynasty, which increased the area of cultivated land by more than 2 million hectares. In terms of the development efficiency of agricultural cultivated land, the Song Dynasty was the 2nd of the Tang Dynasty. 5 times. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It's a difference between 2 and 5.

The highest cultivated area in the Tang Dynasty was about 6.2 million hectares, and the highest cultivated area in the Song Dynasty was about 5.24 million hectares. The Tang ruler is smaller than the Song ruler, one mu in the Tang Dynasty is about 0.783 mu today, and one mu in the Song Dynasty is about 0.974 mu today. Converted into today's mu, the cultivated land area of the Tang Dynasty is more than 4.85 million hectares, and the cultivated land area of the Song Dynasty is more than 5.11 million hectares. Both the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty had the phenomenon of hidden fields, and the Song Dynasty was more serious. The highest estimate of cultivated land area in the Tang Dynasty was 600 million mu, and the highest estimate of cultivated land area in the Song Dynasty was 800 million mu. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It's a gap of 6 and 8.

The average per mu in the Tang Dynasty was about 1.5 stones, and the average in the Song Dynasty was about 2 stones per mu. The average per mu in the Song Dynasty was 30% higher than that in the Tang Dynasty. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? is a difference of 1.5 and 2. In the Tang Dynasty, cultivated land was cultivated one year a year, with a maximum yield of 2 stones per mu. In the Song Dynasty, there were two kinds of cultivated land a year, and in some places there were even three or four kinds of arable land. The highest yield per mu is 6 to 7 stones. The Tang Dynasty repeatedly banned brewing due to grain consumption, while the Song Dynasty did the opposite, and the Song government encouraged winemaking. This shows the strength and development of agriculture in the Song Dynasty. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It's a difference of 2 and 7.

Ninety-one important water conservancy projects in the Tang Dynasty and at least 496 important water conservancy projects in the Song Dynasty achieved remarkable results. The degree of exploitation and utilization of territory in the Song Dynasty was much greater than that of the Tang Dynasty. In the words of the Song people: "The footprints of the people in the past have not tasted, and now they are all anointed." "How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? is the gap between 91 and 496.

The Tang Dynasty was a small-scale peasant economy and society, and the Song Dynasty was a commodity economy and society. The Tang Dynasty was an agricultural economy based on agriculture, and agricultural tax was the foundation of national taxation. In the Song Dynasty, "industry and commerce benefit the country", it was a commercial economy based on commerce, and commercial tax was the foundation of national taxation. Therefore, the Song people said: "The state and county finances, in addition to the people's rent, all depend on commercial taxes. "How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It is the gap between the smallholder economy and the commodity economy.

The highest annual monetary income of the Tang Dynasty was 12 million yuan in 779 AD. The highest annual monetary income of the Song Dynasty was 80 million yuan in 1206 AD. The highest annual monetary income of the Tang Dynasty was obtained by the Tang government in order to solve the financial dilemma. Most of them were salt taxes, which were sold for up to 370 yuan per bucket. Before the reform, Tang's fiscal and monetary revenue was only 4 million. Even so, the difference between the two is almost sevenfold. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It's the difference between 1200 and 8000.

The Tang government's silk income was as high as 7.4 million horses, while the Song government's fine silk income was as high as 24.45 million horses. This is just a tax, if the gap is even greater in terms of output, and the quality of silk silk in the Tang Dynasty is also far from that of the Song Dynasty. "Tang Juan is thick and thick, and Song Juan is thin and thin." How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It's the difference between 740 and 2445. It is the difference between thick and fine.

The highest annual coinage in the Tang Dynasty was 327,000 guan during the reign of Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The highest annual coinage of the Song Dynasty was 5.06 million copper coins and 880,000 iron coins during the Song Dynasty. The difference between the two is nearly 20 times. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? is the difference between 30 and 500. This does not include the banknotes issued and circulated by the Song Dynasty government. Moreover, a large amount of gold and silver also entered the field of commodity circulation in the Song Dynasty. The amount of money in circulation in a country represents the level and strength of the country's economy. Copper coins are full value money, and their own value exceeds their face value. If there is a difference of more than 10 times in one year, how many times is the difference in ten years and a hundred years? How big is the gap between Tang and Song? How big was the gap between the economic aggregates of the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It is a difference of more than 1,000 times the total amount of money in full value.

There were more than 140 industries in the Tang Dynasty capital and more than 440 in the Song Dynasty capital. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, there were more than 6,400 large and medium-sized industrialists and merchants, and there were 8 or 9,000 small merchants and hawkers. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the outside of Hangzhou was "a place for people and things, the market was full of squares, and the mats were prosperous, and the days were endless." "The diversification, refinement and systematization of the industrial structure of the Song Dynasty far exceeded that of the Tang Dynasty cities. It is difficult to estimate the value created by each new industry in the Song Dynasty than in the Tang Dynasty. The emergence of every new industry shows the vigorous development of the Song Dynasty. The value created by each emerging industry is also incalculably strong. For example, the private printing industry, a new industry in the Song Dynasty, reprinted and bought a large number of books to Liao, Goryeo, Japan and other countries. Song merchants used knowledge and technology to exchange a large number of profits for the Song Dynasty. The Tang Dynasty did not have a private printing industry, let alone earn foreign exchange through exports. How big is the gap between Tang and Song? It's a difference between 140 and 440. is the difference between 0 and 300.

In the Tang Dynasty, the highest number of people who entered the Shiden Department was only thirty or forty per year. In the Song Dynasty, there were as many as five or six hundred people per year. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? is a gap of 30 to 500 per year. In the south, taking Fuzhou, Fujian Province as an example, the Tang Dynasty only had 36 jinshi in 223 years, while the Song Dynasty had 1,339 jinshi in 202. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? is the gap between 36 and 1339. Therefore, the Song people proudly declared: "The ancients Jiangnan cannot be with Middle Earth." Song received the mandate of heaven, and then seven Fujian, two Zhejiang and the west and east of the river, crowned with poetry and books, Weng Ran wanton, the prosperity of talents, and then the first in the world. "In the more than 200 years of the Tang Dynasty, there were only more than 3,000 people who entered the Shiden Branch. In the more than 300 years of the Song Dynasty, there were more than 100,000 people who entered the Shiden Department. How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? The gap between 3000 and 100000.

Most of the southern Yangtze River basin in the Tang Dynasty was a backward barbarian land, so the southern part of the Tang Dynasty literati was actually a "land of smoke and miasma" with a harsh environment, and it was "the land of barbarians" and "the country of foreign countries". From the beginning to the end of the Tang Dynasty, there was no city with a population of more than one million in the Yangtze River valley in the south. In the southern Yangtze River basin of the Song Dynasty, Hangzhou, Suzhou, and CD were all megacities with a population of more than one million. How big is the gap between Tang and Song? It is the gap between "the evil land in the south", "the miasma land in the south of the Yangtze River" and "the Suhu Lake is ripe, the world is full", "heaven in the sky, Suzhou and Hangzhou in the underground". It is the gap between backwardness and poverty and prosperity, wealth and strength.

The slaves and maids of the Tang Dynasty were "more lawless than livestock", and the slaves and maids of the Song Dynasty were "hired good people". The tenant farmers and slaves of the Tang Dynasty were slaves, and the tenant farmers and slaves of the Song Dynasty were human beings. Serfs in the Tang Dynasty were bought and sold like dogs in the market along with donkeys. "Slaves and maids are sluts, similar to livestock", "Buy slaves and maids, horses, cows, galloping mules and donkeys, etc., and set up market bonds according to orders." "They have no people's freedom, but the private property of their masters." Slaves and maidservants are tied to the master", "Slaves and maids are the same as wealth, that is, they are disposed of by the master." "They don't have a day to turn over, they will always be slaves. The tenant farmers of the Song Dynasty had personal freedom, "those who do not want to reclaim the land are allowed to return to the land and give up their tenants." "They can also become landlords, merchants, generals, officials through their own efforts. How big the gap between the Tang and Song dynasties is the gap between livestock and good people, slaves and people.

The bigger gap between the Tang and Song dynasties was the gap between people, and the printing technology of the Tang Dynasty was only used to print Buddhist scriptures and not to print books to disseminate cultural knowledge. Therefore, there were many illiterate people in the Tang Dynasty, and there were not many scholars. Printing in the Song Dynasty was widely used to disseminate knowledge and promote culture. So it was easier for the Chinese in the Song Dynasty to read. So there are relatively few illiterates. The Song people proudly said: "In the three hundred years of the Song Dynasty, the board became a market, and the board was all over the world, and the secret store was all in the family's collection. There was no difficulty in the ears of the Han Dynasty, and there was no diligence in hand-copying before the Tang Dynasty. How fortunate it is for a reader to get twice the result with half the effort. "The Tang Dynasty was a non-learning society, and the Song Dynasty was a learning society." Those who are fathers and brothers are to blame for the ignorance of their sons and brothers; If she is a mother and wife, her son and husband will be dishonored for not learning. "In the homes of farmers, industrialists, and merchants, there is no one who does not give up his old days and becomes a scholar." The Chinese of the Song Dynasty were more cultured, educated, connotative, and interesting than the Chinese of the Tang Dynasty. More elegant, more romantic, more humorous, more patriotic. In the words of the French sinologist Xie Henai: "The Chinese in the 13th century seemed to be more sentimental and romantic than their predecessors. The Chinese in the 13th century also showed a certain curiosity and expanded horizons, which was again not seen in previous centuries. Their free-spirited lifestyle would have amazed the Tang ancestors. Because of their modesty and courtesy, their sense of humor, and their social interest in life and the art of conversation, they have become the most sophisticated and cultured type of personality that Chinese civilization has ever produced. From the history of their daily lives, we get the general impression that they are naturally self-disciplined, and that their lives are full of joy and charm. ”

The biggest gap between the Tang and Song dynasties is the gap in civilization and the gap in the strength of civilization. Although the Tang Dynasty was large, it maintained that "Li Tang inherited Yuwentai's 'Guanzhong-based policy', and the center of gravity of the country was originally in the northwest corner. Although the Southern Song Dynasty is small, it has laid the foundation for "China's culture for nearly 800 years, which is led by the Southern Song Dynasty, with Jiangsu and Zhejiang as the focus." "The Tang gradually turned China into a barbarian, and the Song gradually turned the barbarians into China. Before the Tang Dynasty reached the halfway point, it had already barbarized the Western Regions, Hebei, Longyou, Shandong, and so on, which were all inherent in traditional Chinese civilization. The Song Dynasty has always ruled the world with a powerful civilization force, and invaded the barbarians with comprehensive national strength such as economy, culture, politics, science and technology, art, and craft. The Liao, Jurchen, Tangut, Tibetan, Uighur, Dali, Goryeo, Japan, etc., were all conquered by the Song civilization. The vast territory left to China by the Mongols was the price of being conquered by the Song civilization.

The Song Dynasty's mining industry, porcelain industry, textile industry, shipbuilding industry, paper industry, printing industry, military industry, financial industry, catering industry, tea industry, sugar industry, brewing industry, construction industry, salt industry, cultural industry, entertainment industry, etc., were all far ahead of the Tang Dynasty. The gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty in many places was not a little or a half, not just a double or several times, but more than a dozen times, or even a hundred or a thousand times. The Song Dynasty was an era of revolution, an era of rapid progress, and an era of big bangs. "Steel Revolution", "Fuel Revolution", "Printing Revolution", "Urban Revolution", "Agricultural Revolution", "Commercial Revolution", "Financial Revolution", "Porcelain Revolution", etc., what is a revolution? Revolution is innovation, revolution is great change, revolution is qualitative change. The gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty was not only a quantitative gap, but a qualitative gap. Therefore, the Japanese literary historian Naito Hunan believes: "The Tang Dynasty was the end of the Chinese Middle Ages, and the Song Dynasty was the beginning of China's modern era." "How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? It is the gap between ancient and modern times.

How big was the gap between the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty? Those who are learning to be civilized, becoming elegant, understanding human rights, and still have the blood of great ancestors flowing in their bodies Chinese will slowly know......