And in the capital of Zhao State, Zhao Dan also heard such a news, and planned to discuss a solution with the ministers, he sat on the throne in the Fengtian Hall of Longtai, and looked at his subordinates speechless.

At this moment, he himself was sitting on the throne, and the ministers all knelt down and said: "I have seen the king, my king is a thousand years old!" ”

Zhao Dan also enjoyed these things in his heart, but on the surface, he also smiled and said, "Everyone, Aiqing, don't be polite!" Do you know why the widow asked you to come over at this time to meet you and tell you about the situation? It's okay for you all to speak your mind. ”

Everyone didn't speak at the moment, because they knew that Zhao Dan did it on purpose, the purpose was to see the reaction of their group of people, how to deliberately test the reaction?

At this moment, Zhao Liang also smiled and said to Zhao Dan: "The old minister Zhao Liang played the king, in the Yanmen Pass of the Qin State, the Huns invaded, resulting in heavy casualties among the people, at this time, it can be said that the Qin State can temporarily ignore our Da Zhao, congratulations to the king and the king, this is really a great news!" The more people from the Qin State die, the better it will be for us in Great Qin? ”

Zhao Dan also sneered at Zhao Liang and said, "You are very good at telling the news, come here!" Push this person down and behead me immediately? The widow is the king of a country, the monarch of Da Zhao, and my Da Zhao is the Chinese of a country, you don't think you are sad about the news of foreign invasion, but sit back and watch the success or failure, for the widow for the seven countries to compete for the world, it can only be said to be an internal problem, and our internal problems, how can we allow foreign invasion of my Chinese land? ”

At this moment, this person was just about to offer to spare his life, but Zhao Dan looked at their group of people with a resolute look and a sinister expression, at this time they themselves were also terrified, from ancient times to the present, no matter how the emperor's power trick changes, the means of the emperor are different from person to person.

Lin Xiangru and they also secretly thought in their hearts that this person deserved it.

This person is really unlucky, and although Zhao Dan is smart, this is also too exaggerated, but he has a national concept in his heart, and what he hates most at this time is the practice of not having the slightest national concept. The invasion of foreign enemies is the people of the whole world. He himself doesn't have the slightest idea of the nation, he only knows that a character like the monarch of Zhao State said good things, and such a character is a real traitor and a giant thief when he lives.

At this time, Zhao Guoqunchen watched Zhao Dan's subordinates pull such a person back to the execution ground and execute him directly, this person is his own clansman. is still his cousin, but Zhao Dan still killed him, and the emperor's heart is ruthless, and his relatives don't recognize him, and Zhao Dan is no exception?

At this time, the ministers all knew that if they talked more at this time, then the king of their own family would probably make himself pay a painful price? So at this time, they don't say a word much, because they know that it is easy to offend people by talking more, and it is in line with the way of survival to wait and see what happens if they don't speak, so at this time they don't know what to say.

If your own group of people talk too much nonsense, it will only make the price of your group of people pay faster and more tragically?

For the kings of the ancient feudal era, they will have their own courtiers' skills. Some of them worked well, while others led directly to the rebellion of the ministers. Therefore, how to effectively manage and control his subordinates has become a compulsory course for kings. One of them is definitely going to be read, called "Han Feizi".

Of course, this book is a representative work of the Legalist school in the Warring States Period, with a total of twenty volumes, and was written by Han Fei. The core idea of his doctrine is the idea of combining law, art, and power based on absolute monarchy, upholding the historical view of evolutionary theory, advocating extreme utilitarianism, believing that there is only interest and harm between people and no benevolence, and emphasizing the rule of law in order to use people, which had a major impact on the establishment of China's feudal social system after the Qin and Han dynasties.

In the Spring and Autumn Period, China was in the era of governing the country by etiquette, and at that time, there was no need to talk about the rule of law, as long as it was the same as the Zhou etiquette regulations, it was the right way, and nothing else was okay. However, after entering the Warring States Period, Zhou Li's set was not easy to use, and all countries began to seek new ways to govern the country, so the Legalist trend of thinking about managing the country with the law as the degree became the most advanced and easiest plan to achieve at that time. Han Feizi also pushed his exposition to the whole country in a grand manner.

It's a pity that he himself is not good at talking and is good at writing books, so when Qin Shi, he was victimized by the slander of his classmate Li Si and others, was imprisoned, and later committed suicide by taking poison. is a historical tragedy.

Han Fei is dead, but "Han Feizi" stays. Among them, he proposed two important methods for how the king controlled his courtiers, which became the methods commonly used by the whole world in later generations. One is called punishment, and the other is called virtue.

Although these two methods were not the first to be proposed by Han Fei. Confucius's "Analects for Politics" has the saying that "the Tao is governed by government, all are punished, the people are free and shameless, the Tao is moral, all are courteous, shameful and qualified". However, Han Fei gave a very strong discussion of these two methods.

The first and second handles come from the Tao.

The two powers of criminal virtue were important means used by the king to control his ministers. If you do a good job, you will be rewarded, and if you don't do well, you will be punished, everyone knows this, and we think it makes sense. But the question is, how to use these two powers correctly without causing the monarchy to fall apart? And the right to punish and reward, how did he come from?

Han Feizi gave a very convincing explanation, which is called the divine right of the monarch. Of course, at that time, it was not divinely granted, and the monarchy came from the "Tao". Han Fei has studied Taoism very deeply, and he keenly knows that the monarchy can only have legitimacy if it comes from Taoism. For this reason, Legalism has always been recommended by kings. If the two powers of criminal virtue are obtained by the subordinates, then the monarch may be abolished. For example, the Tian family is like this.

2. Control and freedom of expression

As a courtier, there must be a certain boundary between what should be said and what should not be said. The monarch needs to be open-minded, but not to listen to nonsense. In its place, no one can go beyond their authority and do things beyond their scope. Do things within your own authority and speak, and do the right thing to be rewarded, which is called using virtue. And if you do something beyond your authority, even if you do it well, you will be punished, which is called punishment.

A lot of people don't understand why this is happening. Because the operation of the state requires certain rules. If the disruptor of the reward system is to let the system collapse. Han Fei's idea is to keep the country functioning rather than let it collapse, so under such theoretical conditions, the choice made must be conservatism.

The king's speech to his subordinates is to be controlled, and the standard of control is the punishment of the destroyer and the reward of the protector, and such a guiding speech will inevitably lead to a super-stable stratosphere. Han Feizi's practice has also become a must-do for all kings in later generations. Clamp down on public opinion and maintain rule.

3. How to choose people.

For a country to develop, the most important thing is to have managers. It is impossible for the monarch to run the country alone, he has to employ people. So what are the criteria for selecting people? That is, the king should not choose people according to personal preferences, but still appoint wise men. This formulation completely subverted the Zhou Dynasty's idea of appointing people on the basis of meritocracy. This virtuous person should pay attention, and it is not the king's own preference. Otherwise, those who choose to come are flatterers, and the country will inevitably collapse. Only by tearing off the mask of the courtiers and choosing the most authentic people can they bring prosperity to the country.

Everyone has a different approach to their own approach, but it depends on how you look at these things. It is necessary to control a certain degree, and the means used, Zhao Dan also thinks of deterrence when he kills people. If the means are too exaggerated, it is easy to make your subordinates suspect your own means, in this case, it is better to make an example of them, let them know how their personal character is, and how to do it. The results are the same, what else is still to come?