10,000 Jiannu flocked here, although it was Nurhachi's most elite Zhenghuang Banner army.

But in fact, it is not as effective as the headquarters army that Mang Gurtai brought just now, because the Zhenghuang Banner has just suffered a heavy blow last time, and most of it is pieced together, composed of soldiers from various departments.

If it is not powerful, it will definitely not look at the number of the troops, but it will be necessary to train together and fight together for a long time, and it will only work if they are brothers in life and death.

This time, there were no mines, and a lot of ice on the city walls was smashed off, making it easier for Jiannu to attack.

Madman Tan still did the same, only letting two hundred soldiers come forward and throw grenades, only this time the number of grenadiers was increased.

Ten grenadiers just now, this time it's a hundred!

The number of soldiers also increased to 1,000 and sat in a row behind the battlements of the city wall, ready to meet the Jiannu who attacked the city.

Tens of thousands of Jiannu bombarded the area through red-coated cannons and grenadiers.

is also dying in a steady stream.

The grenadiers are fired five times a minute, and the redcoat cannons are fired once a minute.

At this stage, Mang Gurtai has gradually woken up, and there must be a treasure army.

And the size of the treasure army is by no means less than two thousand people!

Otherwise, there would not have been such a dense artillery fire, and with a large number of them, the bombardment effect caused by grenadiers and cardinal cannons would be easily distinguishable.

A hundred grenadiers are like ploughing the ground, basically without gaps, constantly harvesting the lives of the Jiannu soldiers.

Mang Gurtai wanted to order the troops to be collected, but the army had already been launched, and he secretly complained that he should not have ordered the entire charge this time.

The key doesn't seem to be ordered by himself, as if before his father Khan asked him to go on the expedition, he said that 10,000 people rushed to kill, and it should still be counted on his father Khan's head.

"Quick, tell the Great Khan that there is the main force of the treasure army here, and there will definitely be no less than a thousand people!" By the number of grenadiers, Mang Gurtai was able to judge the number of the treasure army.

A thousand people is not much, but a thousand people can guarantee that it is difficult for 10,000 people of the Eight Banners Army to take the city wall.

In fact, the combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners is very strong.

The strength of the Eight Banners can be understood by referring to the performance of the Far Eastern natives in the face of the Cossacks during Russia's eastward expansion, as well as the performance of the Indians when the European powers colonized the Americas.

Barbarism, in addition to frightening civilians, is how powerless it is in the face of the armies of more civilized countries.

Because barbarism means a low level of civilization, a low level of civilization means poor organizational ability, and poor organizational ability means that you can't catch up with the level of pigs.

The Iroquois, the most capable of fighting among the Indians, were precisely the ones who were most active in learning from the West, rather than remaining "barbaric".

The combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners of Manchuria was greatly improved precisely after moving closer to civilized society, and the tribal competition before this was equivalent to rookies pecking at each other.

In the thirteenth year of Wanli, in April 1585, Nurhachi led his army to be attacked by a sneak attack, and the outpost found the enemy, and then there was a crying and laughing move.

The outpost saw the enemy and ran to tell Nurhachi, but he did not know where the latter was and ran past.

Nurhachi thought that the outpost had been placed, so he walked forward boldly and confidently, not caring about the back.

This is a brainless encounter with unhappiness, a perfect match.

After the pursuers caught up, someone in Nurhachi's army was ready to run away, and this person was still a relative of Nurhachi.

Yet Nurhachi still won, why? Because the opposite side is more rookie chicken.

Nurhachi, Murhaqi, and two others, four in all, rushed into the enemy's ranks, knocked down twenty men, and wiped out the eight hundred men on the opposite side.

In fact, at this time, because of the fear of the soldiers, Nurhachi had already driven the army not to move, so he had to rush eight hundred men with four men, rushing into the enemy line in a melee of group fights, and then crushed eight hundred men.

In the seventeenth year of Wanli, in 1589, Nurhachi conquered Zhaojia City.

When his soldiers looted their belongings, Nurhachi sent men to stop them, and as a result, those who sent to stop the looting joined the robbery.

In the twenty-first year of Wanli, in 1593, the Battle of the Nine Divisions broke out.

A total of nine tribes, including the Haixi, the Mongolian Horqin Division, and the Jurchen Changbai Mountain Division, joined forces to attack Nurhachi, but were easily defeated by Nurhachi.

Because the noble leaders of the nine divisions had to charge ahead so that the soldiers would not escape.

Nurhachi captured the thief and captured the king first, killed Bu Zhai, the leader of the Yehe tribe, and the Nine Route Alliance army collapsed directly, and also captured the future leader of the Ula tribe, Bu Zhantai.

These don't show how strong the Eight Banners were in the early stage, but the opponent was also very weak, Nurhachi caught up with the good time, the times make heroes, and it is difficult for heroes to create the times.

But after the society progresses, it is different.

In the twenty-ninth year of Wanli, in 1601, Nurhachi founded the Eight Banners.

In the forty-third year of Wanli, in 1615, Nurhachi improved the Eight Banners and created a three-level trial system at the same time.

In the first year of the Mandate of Heaven, in 1616, Nurhachi founded the country, and at the same time promoted silkworm breeding and cotton planting.

In the third year of the Mandate of Heaven, in 1618, the generals were trained to learn how to siege the city.

After conquering Fushun, Nurhachi punished the backward and rewarded the advanced, before Nurhachi could only be angry with himself in the face of deserters on the battlefield.

In September, Nurhachi set up cloud boards, similar to beacons, to quickly deliver messages.

As for giving money to the poor in the country to marry their wives, setting a system of aristocratic etiquette, etc., it is even more.

By 1619 and beyond, the Jin Kingdom was essentially taking shape.

The combat effectiveness of the Eight Banners in the early Qing Dynasty did not come from barbarism and backwardness, but from learning advanced civilization and their own enterprising attitude.

The organizational structure of Jiannu's army is actually very simple, that is, it comes from the formation of weekday siege and hunting.

Modern people have generally never seen hunting, and they are misled by film and television dramas, thinking that if they hunt one or two people up the mountain, rabbits and wild deer will fall into the net.

Actual hunting is a group activity, and tactics such as reconnaissance, encirclement, and encirclement are emphasized.

The framework structure of the Eight Banners comes directly from hunting, and it is not made up by Nurhachi with a pat on the head.

In Wei Bao's view, Jiannu is strong, not because of Jiannu's cavalry, in fact, Jiannu has no tricks, it is purely a copy of the Ming army.

You will, I will, I will, I have an innate advantage over you when you play well, and I am not angry.

The army is trained by you, the equipment is sent by you, and the food is also given by you, and the Ming army is purely the captain of the transport brigade.

The biggest enemy of your Ming Dynasty is yourself, and I will help you fight yourself.

From a certain point of view, the Manchurian Eight Banner Army is the Ming Army, which is equivalent to the Ming Army in the Hongwu Period to fight the Ming Army during the Apocalypse Chongzhen period.

But now in the hands of President Wei, Jiannu is a little unable to play.

First of all, Wei Bao very decisively implemented the strong wall and cleared the wilderness, and there were no Liao people in the entire Liaodong.

The only 30,000 or 40,000 families of the Liaodong border army on Juehua Island asked Wei Bao to retreat to the vicinity of Qiantunpu and Gaotaibao, and if he wanted to attack Qiantunbao and Gaotaibao, he had to get close to Shanhaiguan, and Shanhaiguan had a large number of treasure troops, and Nurhachi did not have the courage to take the risk.

said that he wanted to take all the foreign land, that is, Nurhachi shouted slogans to the people below to boost morale, in fact, the current Nurhachi is already a little frightened, and he feels that his military strength is not as good as Wei Bao, otherwise he will not have been ambiguous to negotiate peace with Wei Bao, or even make peace.

The combat power of the Eight Banners, if the war is used as a footnote to divide the period, can be roughly divided into five stages.

From the 11th year of Nurhachi Wanli to the 19th year of the basic integration and establishment of the state, it is regarded as the first stage.

From the 21st year of Wanli to the repulsion of the nine coalition forces to the capture of Lushun in the fifth year of the Apocalypse, the second stage.

From the sixth year of the Apocalypse to the third year of Chongzhen, Yuan Chonghuan's death was the third stage.

Webbow is now in the third stage of history.

Before the siege of Dalinghe in the fourth year of Chongzhen and the battle of Shanhaiguan in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, it was the fourth stage.

Entering the customs to dominate the world is considered the fifth stage.

The first stage is grass creation. More wins and fewer defeats, hard work. The strength of the uprising ranged from about 100 people and 30 armor to attack Tulun City, to more than 1,000 people in the 19th year of Wanli, mainly infantry, and not much heavy armor.

Tulun City, Salhu City, Zhaojia City, Maerdun, Jiefan, Zhechenbu, Antu Guerjia City, Mohe, Oerhun City, Wangjia City, a series of conquests, success.

The battles were frequent but not large, and the so-called defeat was only an occasional disadvantage of the attack, or he was seriously wounded, and Nurhachi was shot by an arrow during the attack on the city of Onklo.

The strength of the army itself did not suffer a major setback, but continued to increase, and it was finally able to integrate and establish a state, which also aroused the fear of other Jurchen tribes.

However, during this period, the Ming Dynasty did not cast its eyes on, not only did not shelter Nikan Wailan, but successively hit the Yehe Department, the Hada Department, etc., and in the seventeenth year of Wanli, Nurhachi was named the governor of the left guard of Jianzhou, and the following year Nurhachi went to Beijing to pay tribute.

The second stage is the rise. The achievements are impressive, especially several times when less wins more, and the weak enemy is strong. Repelled the nine coalition forces, and successively defeated and subdued the Hada, Huifa, Ula and other tribes.

Finally attracted the attention of the Ming Dynasty, however, it was Nurhachi who shot first, and in forty-six years, he sacrificed the seven hatreds, sent troops to break Fushun, Lianke more than ten forts, and took Qinghe.

So, in the forty-seventh year of Wanli, the Battle of Salhu broke out, the Ming army was defeated, and Houjin immediately fell into the original Tieling and ended the Yehe Department.

After a short period of peace, he launched an offensive again, broke Liaoyang and Shenyang, swept more than 70 forts east of the Liao River, fought a bloody battle at Xiping Fort, and colluded with Neiying to take Guangning lightly.

At this point, Guanwai completely fell.

Liaoyang, Shenyang, Guangning are all big cities and heavy cities, the army is a rout of 100,000 people, the general soldiers are either killed in battle or surrendered, and the governor or commits suicide or is imprisoned and killed.

At this stage, the Later Jin Dynasty formally established the Eight Banners, first the four-color flag and then the four-inlaid flag, and the number of troops gradually reached 30,000 from about 7,000, and the battle of Ula to 50,000 or 60,000 occupied Liaodong.

From the chaotic military discipline in the grass-roots period, the personnel were mixed and lacked horses and young armor, to the crowd of forests, such as springs, the armor shines like ice and snow, the military appearance is strong, and the military discipline is strict.

Judging from the envoy records of North Korean officials, the Eight Banners already possessed a strong cavalry force and a relatively complete ordnance manufacturing capacity at this time.

In the early days of the battle, the combat power was not as good as Yehe, with the development of the war, the formation of 50,000 or 60,000 Jianzhou Division, supplemented by about 30,000 Ula Donghai soldiers, plus 9,000 young and strong Yehe Division, and after defeating the Ming army several major battles, Salhu Liaoshen, got a large number of horses, weapons, grain and grass, and of course, vast land and people.

In the end, a military group of about 100,000 troops and about 60,000 main forces was formed.

On the Ming side, the joint point after the defeat of Saarhu Liaoshen.

Xiong Tingbi passed through Liaodong and proposed a strategy of increasing troops and building weapons to consolidate the city. To keep for stability, to keep the right so for the war.

The decision was to focus on the defense of the four key areas, set up 30,000 troops on each road, Fushun Chai River in Qinghe, and abandon Shenyang to hit the troops in Liaoyang, with a total of 180,000 troops and horses, and more than 3 million military salaries.

What happened in the ensuing was basically what Xiong Tingbi expected, and the Later Jin advanced step by step from Kaiyuan Tieling Fushun, and then successively captured Shenyang and Liaoyang, where the Ming division troops were stationed.

Seventy thousand were killed in Shenyang and about 60,000 in Liaoyang, so the army was defeated and Liaodong fell.

At this time, there was still Guangning Ke to defend outside the Guanxi in Liaoxi, and Xiong Tingbi was once again ordered to preside over the defense.

The decision is a tripartite arrangement strategy, sticking to Quang Ninh and gathering troops and horses; to Denglai Boat Division to contain the sea and land, waiting for an opportunity to enter the coast of southern Liaoning; Take Shanhaiguan as the central axis to control the three parties, and wait for the soldiers and horses of each town to gather, and the three parties will be carried out simultaneously.

The key to this strategy is to first stabilize the position, rebuild the combat strength of the front line, and then gather absolutely superior forces to dispatch at the same time, and even let the DPRK respond in the later stage.

It takes time and money to stabilize your position.

After the battle of Salhu, Liaodong was in a panic, Xiong Tingbi was in danger and served as the Liaodong Economic Strategy, guarded for a year, was safe, put forward a strategy, defended and then fought, and was attacked and resigned.

In exchange for the short-lived peace, the imperial court turned to support Wang Huazhen, who advocated a quick war, the so-called "willing to enter the war with 60,000 people to fight in one fell swoop", and allowed Wang Huazhen, the governor of Liaodong, to override Xiong Tingbi.

As a result, Guangning lost the first battle, and lost 120,000 troops all in Guangning, Xiong only about 5,000, Liaoxi was all lost, and the Ming forces retreated into the pass.

The situation outside the Guan, from Fushun to Kaiyuan. From Liaoshen to Guangning, bad and bad, and finally there was nothing left, and there was nothing to do.

Since the start of the war in Houjin, there have been fourteen Ming generals killed in battle, and hundreds of thousands of soldiers have been lost, not to mention millions of grain and grass and countless ordnance horses.

The third stage, setbacks.

Embarrassing failure.

This time, the Ming army defeated the strong with fewer enemies and the weaker.

Because of the rarity of the victory of the Ming Dynasty over the Houjin.

After the defeat of Liaoxi, the Jingshi was shaken.

The coach was arrested, and someone was urgently needed to preside over the crisis.

Zhang Heming, who was the first to go, resigned and returned home. The second commentator state, three times, resigned from the heavy responsibility.

In the end, Wang Zaijin was promoted, and the officials elected for a day, but they were not allowed to resign, but still resigned, and Xi Zong was angry, so that he would be on the road immediately, otherwise "he will be brought to justice by national law".

Wang Zaijin was forced to take up his post, and at this time it was already March, and the Battle of Quang Ninh was the first month.

In this situation, a person had already gone to Liaoxi in the first month of the year, and came back to give a detailed introduction to the situation inside and outside the Guan, and the conclusion was that "we should give our army Maqian Valley one person to guard this."

The imperial court was worried about no one, so it immediately let this Jinshi in the forty-seventh year of Wanli, who had served as the commander of Shaowu County and the director of the Ministry of War, Yuan Chonghuan, be transferred from Beijing to Shanhaiguan.

Yuan Chonghuan proposed to "defend and then fight", "use cannons with fortified cities", and "defend Liao land with Liao people".

Set up a three-dimensional defense line with Shanhaiguan, Ningyuan, and Jinzhou as points, and build a mountain that cannot be bitten by Houjin in the narrow and narrow western Liaoning corridor.

With Ningyuan, which is two hundred miles away from the mountains and seas, and Jinzhou, which is more than 100 miles away, and a space of 400 miles, the army and civilians are stationed, the city is fortified, and the corridor is blocked.

In this way, finally more than 5,000 hectares of Tuntian, 150,000 stones, and then try to forge ahead.

The Ming Dynasty's perception of the Liao people is very low, and vice versa.

In the early days of Wanli, the people changed and the people fled, and a large number of Liao soldiers surrendered to the Houjin with the generals during the rise of the Later Jin, and the centripetal force and trust were very poor.

The whole court, including Xiong Tingbi, did not trust the Liao people, taking Zu Dashou, who later became Yuan Chonghuan's arm, as an example, the ancestral family was a big clan in Liaodong, and after the defeat of Guangning, he fled to Juehua Island, which was actually very vacillating.

Yuan Chonghuan did not trust the Liao people at first, and planned to build the main force with the wolf soldiers of Guangxi, but soon established the policy of "defending the Liao land with the Liao people".

It is full of blood and tears, the massacre in southern Liaoning, the abandonment of the Thirteen Mountains, and so on.

Yuan Chonghuan built Ningyuan City in the third year of the Apocalypse, and in the sixth year of the Apocalypse, Nurhachi's soldiers detained the pass.

Eight Banners ran for six hundred miles, crashed headlong into an unknown city wall, besieged more than 10,000 defenders of Ningyuan with 60,000, and retreated three days later.

The Houjin record is the loss of two guerrillas, two reserves, and 500 soldiers.

The record of Xizong is that there are thousands of wounded prisoners, including several leaders and one chief.

At this time, the battle strength of the Eight Banners attacked Ning, and the main force of Houjin retreated to Longgong Temple.

The Battle of Ningyuan was the only victory in the eight years of the Ming Dynasty since the Later Jin Xing soldiers attacked the Ming Dynasty.

It was also the only defeat in Nurhachi's forty-year military career.

In August, Nurhachi died of illness and was succeeded by Huang Taiji.

In the seventh year of the Apocalypse, after Huang Taiji ordered Amin to return from the victory of conquering Korea with a partial division, he raised troops to attack Ming again.

Yuan Chonghuan patrolled Liaodong, with the general soldier Zhao led 20,000 troops to garrison Jinzhou, 40,000 to guard the pass, and Yuan Chonghuan 60,000 to Ningyuan.

The initially formed Guanningjin defense line made Houjin suffer.

Huang Taiji attacked Jinzhou for fifteen days, but he couldn't move, so he moved his troops to Ningyuan.

In the first battle under the city of Ningyuan, in the field battle, Huang Taiji retreated to lure the enemy, but was unsuccessful, so he personally led the army to a decisive battle and was defeated again.

The two armies under the city faced each other, and the cannons in the city opened fire.

Houjin had to go back to Jinzhou to fight, but he still couldn't resist - he could only be a teacher.

From early May to mid-June, the campaign ended with a Ming victory.

In July, Yuan Chonghuan resigned.

Yuan Chonghuan was appointed again, which was the first year of Chongzhen.

In the second year, Huang Taiji detoured thousands of miles, divided into two ways from Longjing Pass and Da'ankou to break through, captured Zunhua, Guanning Zhao led 4,000 cavalry to rush to help, to the Santun battalion general Zhu Guoyan was not allowed to enter the city, had to turn to Zunhua, on the way encountered the main force of Houjin ambush, the whole army was annihilated.

Yuan Chonghuan commanded Guanning's follow-up troops to come to the aid and arrived at the Beijing Division, the key battle of the Battle of Jisi.

Huang Taiji Dai was good at attacking Deshengmen Datong and the general army was full of Gui, Mang Gurtai attacked Guangqu Gate Yuan Chonghuan, Huang Taiji won a big victory, and Mang Gurtai was defeated.

Seven days later, the main force of the Eight Banners fought again with Guanning, and Huang Taiji withdrew his troops from Nanhaizi.

Yuan Chonghuan saw that his majesty was imprisoned, the Guanning army was dispersed out of the pass, Mangui was forced to leave the city, 40,000 battles were lost, and the Houjin swept through the pass, such as no one's land, Yuan Chonghuan's handwritten book recovered the Guanning army.

Sun Chengzong supervised the division again, Guan Ning recovered the four cities in Guannei, Amin was guilty, and Yuan Chonghuan was killed.

This phase ends.

After that, the Jin Dynasty made several detours through Mongolia and swept through the Guannai, plundering the people, and there was no hindrance.

The fourth stage is consolidation.

Won the key battle of the rise and fall of the country.

Yuan Chonghuan was executed by capital punishment, Zu Dashou hung alone in the Daling River, and there was no hope of waiting for help, even if he surrendered and returned by fraud, Guanning as a whole could no longer become a threat to Houjin, and the Ming Dynasty neither trusted nor gave up Guanning.

Although Houjin can't gnaw Guan Ningjin, he can continue to invade the mainland without any scruples.

Heavy wage increases, intensified civil changes, and a vicious circle of internal and external troubles.

Hong Chengchou easily pacified the peasant army, got out of the pass, and was defeated again at the level of 100,000.

In terms of Houjin, Huang Taiji first got rid of Amin, then subdued Mang Gurtai, and then surrendered to the overhead to achieve the concentration of power.

Huang Taiji successively established the Eight Banners Mongolian Eight Banners Han Army, and the Han generals of the Three Kings and One Duke brought the Ming army military system and firearms.

Kong Youde's firearms resources came from Guanning Sun Yuanhua, and in addition to the traditional cavalry, Houjin began to have firearms, especially artillery units, and had the ability to attack fortifications.

After the Battle of Songjin, a large number of Ming troops were added, and although Zu Dashou surrendered and was not ordered, the main force of Guanning had actually been incorporated.

At this time, the Eight Banners can not only run thousands of miles, sweep through the pass, but also expedition to the desert to defeat Lin Dan Khan, and have complete planning and execution capabilities in the Songjin War, which can not be summarized by a simple "nomadic cavalry".

Huang Taiji repaired the system, enabled the Han official Han system, and called the emperor.

The fifth stage is complete. The heroes compete for the deer and set the world.

Huang Taiji died, and the Qing Dynasty entered the Dolgon period.

The Stone War was equivalent to Li Zicheng's Songjin War, and after the war, Li Zicheng was defeated again and again until it was over.

Guanning was completely incorporated into the Later Jin, and the north and the Central Plains were quickly conquered, and the small-scale rebellion did not make waves.

The Nanming regime was established, but there was still continuous party strife, and compared with the Chongzhen Dynasty, a "warlord" was added.

Only Li Dingguo and Zheng Chenggong really caused setbacks to the Qing Dynasty, but they were not as big as they were propagated in the wild history.

Li Dingguo has two famous kings, one of the other party has few soldiers and the other is rushing into ambush, and Li Dingguo has Sun Kewang in the rear, and his support is limited.

Zheng Chenggong's naval army was invincible, but he could not stand by land and could only retreat to the island.

After the Eight Banners entered the customs, their combat power quickly galloped, and they recovered a little during the Yongzheng period, and then continued to decline.

In addition to being weak in the grass-roots period, the Eight Banners developed unstoppably, and matured during the Huang Taiji period, and were basically the top combat power of the same era.

Of course, the defects are not without defects, the battle between the two yellow flags and the two white flags continued until the Shunzhi Dynasty, the division between the Han and the Manchus, especially the army, and the siege of the city was all filled by the Han army banner.

The relative Ming Dynasty is even more unbearable.

As for the myth of invincibility, Yuan Chonghuan has only built the Guanning Iron Cavalry for a few short years, and the city battle can win more with less in the face of the main force of the Eight Banners.

During the period of Li Chengliang, the Liaodong Army was sure to succeed in its divisions, and it did not take the Jurchen departments seriously at all.

Therefore, when the Eight Banners were the strongest, they were not very strong, but the Ming army was in decline.

Now in the hands of Wei Bao, the Bao Army replaced the Ming Army, which suddenly increased the combat effectiveness by dozens of times, not to mention tens of thousands of Eight Banner soldiers, at this time, it was the Eight-Nation Alliance Army at the end of the Qing Dynasty that called the Eight-Nation Alliance, and the 50,000 Eight-Nation Alliance Army was not necessarily able to move the Ningyuan City guarded by the 6,000 Bao Army.

The result of this battle was obvious, and before Nurhachi could reply to Mang Gurtai, the 10,000 Eight Banner soldiers had already lost nearly 5,000.

Mang Gurtai hurriedly ordered to withdraw his troops!