Chapter 391: Optical Laboratory
"I've seen Master Hou!" When Tang Ting and the three helpers saw Chen Xu coming in, they quickly stood up respectfully and saluted.
"Don't be polite!" Chen Xu waved his hand and walked to the front of the long wooden table, looking at the various strange shapes and strange colors of glass-like products placed on it, and his face couldn't help but twitch slightly.
The production of glass is actually easier than he originally thought, on the basis of coal as fuel, many substances in nature can be melted, and the temperature of glass is about the same as the temperature of iron smelting, about 1,300 degrees Celsius, even the most ordinary lignite combustion can be reached, not to mention that these are all large pieces of refined coal, plus the help of the bellows, the temperature in the coal furnace is much higher than this temperature, and many substances can be melted easily.
Chen Xu is not clear about the raw materials and process of making glass, only knows that the main component of ordinary glass is silica, that is, the transparent sand excavated on the river beach, and the crystal clear crystal that Zhao Qing gave him last time is the purest silica, and the glass made of pure silica is also known as crystal glass in later generations, and the most famous brand is called Swarovski, which specializes in making crystal products, which is actually glass products, but the price is expensive, a glass necklace is tens of thousands, A cup is hundreds, and it belongs to an absolute luxury brand.
However, these glass-like products with strange colors and shapes on the workbench are still far from real glass, let alone crystal glass.
These transparent and translucent items are full of large and small bubbles, which are completely out of line with the standards that Chen Xu needs, and most of them have been seen many times, these are all fired by Tang Ting according to his method and a few helpers a few days ago.
Chen Xu glanced over, and his eyes fell on the last few pieces of translucent round glass.
"Master Hou, these three pieces were made yesterday, and the size and style can meet the standard, but there are still bubbles in them!" Tang Ting was a little apprehensive, but at the same time, his eyes were full of infinite excitement.
Chen Xu picked up the three round convex lens style glass pieces, heavy and cold, thin around and thick in the middle, with a diameter of two inches and three inches, the style and the convex lens of later generations do not look very different, although it is slightly yellow-green, but the transparency is OK, through which you can see that the object is magnified, the only regret is that there are some large and small bubbles in it.
The presence of these bubbles causes a large amount of scattering and refraction when the light penetrates, causing the silk line to be blurred and even seriously deformed by the observation target.
But how to get these bubbles out is also a very troublesome thing, at least Chen Xu doesn't know what to do.
Looking at Chen Xu's depressed appearance, the three helpers didn't dare to make any sound, Tang Ting said cautiously: "Master Hou, in fact, I have discovered that as long as the smelting time is extended, and stirred every once in a while, the bubbles in the glass can be reduced, but if you want to do it at all, unless you find a large piece of solid colored transparent stone, instead of these messy colored sand that we sifted back from the river beach!" ”
Pure color transparent stone, Chen Xu has a piece in his hand, but he is very reluctant, it is a real crystal stone, which is very valuable, but now if you want to make a qualified lens, suddenly you can't find pure quartz stone, because the sand contains various salt ores, not only silica, so when it melts at high temperature, some of the various metal salts in it will decompose at high temperature, so that a large number of bubbles will be released, that is, In the absence of rigorous scientific instrumentation and equipment for processing, the only option is to make optical glass from pure silica that can reach the stage of use.
Unless Chen Xu just wants to make a few wine bottles, lampshades, door and window glass, etc.
After Chen Xu struggled for a long time, he went to his office and took the pure and transparent crystal that had been hidden for a long time from a drawer to the optical laboratory.
"It turns out that Master Hou has already prepared!" Seeing this pure and flawless crystal, Tang Ting couldn't help but praise Chen Xu's foresight and sagacity, and at the same time, he admired the five-body throw in his heart even more, it turned out that Hou Ye not only knew how to make this kind of thing called glass, but also knew that he couldn't make perfect glass, so he prepared such a pure stone early.
After burning glass for a period of time, the value of everything in the world in Tang Ting's eyes is whether it can be melted into the best glass products.
As for the crystal gem gods, they are all floating clouds, he is now addicted to glass refining, and being able to make all kinds of glass that meets the requirements of Hou Ye has become his lifelong enjoyment and pursuit.
Because on the second day after coming to this laboratory, Hou Ye had an in-depth conversation with him for more than an hour, and after melting the sand himself and pouring out a square piece of glass, he fell into it and couldn't extricate himself.
It turns out that there is such a magical method in the world, a handful of sand can be melted like copper and iron, and then poured into transparent objects of various shapes as you like, although Hou Ye is so-so and casually demonstrated the process, but in his opinion, it is tantamount to opening a door to the endless mysterious area for him.
So he stayed in the laboratory all day long, using various methods to melt the sand, hoping to pour out the lens that Hou Ye needed.
However, after a few days, a lot of things were poured, but the bubbles inside could not be cleared, and although he tried everything, he never achieved the goal that Chen Xu needed.
Therefore, now that Chen Xu took out this transparent crystal, Tang Ting took this large crystal stone from Chen Xu's hand as if he had seen a savior, and before Chen Xu could speak, he threw it directly into an iron mortar.
"Wait~"
"Bang~"
Before Chen Xu's words fell, his hand was still stretched out in the air, Tang Ting had already picked up the iron pestle and slammed it into the iron mortar, and Chen Xu instantly felt a sense of heartbreak.
He didn't even have to look at it to know that the crystal stone he had treasured for a long time had been turned into rubble.
Engineers and scientists are indeed destined to be poor creatures for a lifetime.
Chen Xu sat on a chair in front of the workbench with a dark face and covered his heart, and watched Tang Ting excitedly use the iron pestle to pestle in the iron mortar, and the blood flowed from the center of the thumping sound.
Tang Ting was not in the mood to care about the life or death of the Hou Ye at all, so he excitedly pestled the crystal stone into a powdery form, and then instructed the helper to bring the smallest brand-new crucible and put all the crystal powder into it, and then instructed the helper to prepare the mold for pouring the lens, and when everything was ready, he carefully put the crucible into the coal furnace with a large pair of pliers.
"Fierce fire~" Tang Ting slammed the door shut
A helper hurriedly pulled the bellows pusher, and with the sound of hula and la, the flames in the coal stove were strung half a foot high, and then the temperature in the room quickly rose.
The critical temperature of coal combustion is about 500 degrees Celsius, and to get a high temperature of more than 1,000 degrees, oxygen must be continuously poured in, so that the coal can be fully burned and release enough violent heat, so the coal stove is not effective when burned by ordinary methods, and a large amount of carbon monoxide will be produced if the oxygen is not enough, if the room is too closed, it will be poisoned, so the ventilation state of this utility room is still very good, all around the beams are empty, in fact, it can only be regarded as a utility shed, plus there are windows for ventilation, Therefore, the smell of coal fire in the room is not too big.
Watching Tang Ting and the three helpers working around the coal stove, Chen Xu finally sighed and slowly recovered from the sadness of losing a crystal gem.
I boasted that I wanted to make a clairvoyant mirror in Haikou, so I had to make it with tears, just like the later generations, I had to be trustworthy, otherwise it would be difficult to mix in the future.
Tang Ting, also known as Yangcheng Ting, a native of Yangcheng, Hedong County, was originally from the Wei State, and liked to study all kinds of strange things since he was a child, and was very interested in some physical and optical theories of the Mo family, but because the Mo theory was not very popular in Daqin or the previous Six Kingdoms, Tang Ting's life has been relatively down.
(Note: Before the Qin Dynasty surnames were merged, they were generally only called by their first names and not their surnames, and they would not be called by their names when calling people, which was both etiquette and habit, and this book was just to conform to the reading habits of modern people, and the surnames were added, such as Shang Ying, who was a native of Wei, and Ji's surname was Gongsun, but for the sake of politeness, when calling him, the name of the country was added in front of the name, so it was also called Wei Ying, many historical books are called Shang Jun, and no one called him Gongsun Martingale or Ji Marting, For example, before Qin Shi Huang ascended the throne, he was called Proton Zheng, and after he was called King, he was called Qin Wangzheng, and he would never call Ying Zheng or Qin Zheng or Zhao Zheng; Prince Yan Dan, Qi Wangjian, etc., are all honored by the country; And those who have official positions start with official positions, such as General Shear, Tongwu Hou Ben, Nei Shi Teng, Tai Fu Gao, Zuo Cheng Xiangsi, Qinghe Hou Xu, etc., some people have always said that most of the people in the Qin Dynasty have no surname, only the nobles have a surname, this matter is a very cautious skepticism, the surname of the late Warring States period has been very popular, countless kings and nobles of the dead country, scholars have become commoners and even slaves, such as Nei Shi Teng, official post Nei Shi, Ming Teng, history does not record this person's surname, but can be ranked in the post of internal history, ranked Jiuqing, It is definitely a very weird and absurd thing to have no surname, and the Xi who wrote Yunmeng Qin Jian, a small official, is called Yixi, but this does not mean that he has no surname, just because his identity is too low, it can't be verified, Li Si, Liu Bang, Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, these celebrities all started in the late Han Dynasty, and their identities are also very low, but they all have surnames, it can be seen that surnames have been very common in the Qin Dynasty, but the usual titles are omitted, and they are used to using honorific titles instead of surnames to show politeness, Therefore, the surnames of many people who are not famous cannot be verified, this Yangcheng court is recorded in history, but it was born in Yangcheng, and it is not surnamed Yang, of course, it may not be surnamed Tang, a certain fabrication! )
After the destruction of the Wei State, Tang Ting came to Xianyang, and was recommended by someone to be a lowly knife and pen official in the craftsman Shaofu, who was responsible for recording words on bamboo slips on weekdays, and was barely able to mix food, but this job was also unemployed after the mass production of hemp pulp paper last year, and when he felt poor and desperate, he happened to meet an acquaintance on the street.
The two of them originally belonged to the end of the world, and they have been wandering in Xianyang to find opportunities, but Huang Fuqi has a more cheerful personality and is good at looking for opportunities, so he fell in love with Chen Xu, and after observing for a period of time, he entered the Qinghe Hou Mansion, and after a one-month probationary period, he was appointed by Chen Xu as the general manager of Qinghe Group, so he rode a high-headed horse and rode a carriage to and from the Hou Mansion and the Qinghe Hotel under renovation every day. There were also a large group of helpers and guards around him, and when he saw the waist card of the Qinghe Marquis Mansion, the forbidden army of the Lieutenant's Mansion patrolling the street did not dare to stop it, so he looked extremely arrogant, Tang Ting walked on the cold street with his hands folded in despair, and just when he felt that his life was miserable and could not see any light, a familiar voice stopped him.