Chapter 180: Ink Making and Farming

For the sake of the saints, for the sake of eternal peace.

This is something that every aspiring young man who has traveled to ancient times wants to do.

In later generations, various graves and coffins were excavated and opened in order to find the various inheritances of Chinese civilization that had been lost in the long river of history.

It is a pity that thousands of years of civilization have experienced thousands of years of war, the history of mankind is a history of war, from ancient times to the present, almost every year, countless civilizations have been cut off from inheritance, countless races have disappeared, according to the study of history, there is almost no peace in Chinese history for a year, in this flying war, countless classics have been burned, countless inheritances have been annihilated, even the Book of Changes, which represents the orthodox origin of Chinese civilization, has gradually lost its original face in the repeated dynastic changes and wars. Future generations can no longer get a glimpse of the roots, and can only make countless descendants sigh.

Unable to keep the foundation and inheritance of the ancestors is an indelible pain in the heart of every Chinese.

The simplest is the casting of bronzes, how those exquisite bronzes were made thousands of years ago, the sword of King Goujian, more than 2,000 years later, with modern technology and technology, it still cannot be restored and manufactured, therefore, countless scientists and philosophers believe that the predecessor of Chinese civilization, there is a highly developed splendid civilization, but it has been drowned in the monstrous flood, the gossip and the Book of Changes, the obscure Shangshu, the incredible Sanxingdui relics, the myths and stories handed down from ancient timesIf you don't collect and protect it as soon as possible, after the collapse of Great Qin, there will be a cliff-like destruction and severance of Chinese civilization.

If history cannot be changed, a few years later, the book burning pit Confucianism, and then the Chu and Han wars, countless ancient inheritances will be completely annihilated.

This pain, this wound, will be torn apart for thousands of years and will never heal again.

Chen Xu knows history, but he can't guarantee that he can really change history.

So I can only plan ahead and keep these things as much as possible while they are not worth much and no one pays attention to them.

Otherwise, even just a few hundred years later, the result of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposing the hundred schools of thought and respecting Confucianism is that the only classic book that can understand the history of the Qin Dynasty before the Qin Dynasty is the book "Historical Records", and the person who compiled the historical records is Sima Qian, a Confucian disciple, and the book must be recognized and approved by the emperor of the Han Empire, and many of the contents in it are naturally no longer pure, and the identity of the Great Qin Empire and the knowledge of the sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty are inevitably modified and distorted, and how many of them are true or credible. In particular, the discourse on the Qin Dynasty and Qin Shi Huang is debatable and skeptical.

Later generations said that Great Qin was a tyrannical Qin, but through Chen Xu's observation, the tax burden was indeed heavy, but it was not tyrannical enough to collapse the country.

Although the remnants of the Six Kingdoms are secretly dormant and stirring up trouble, the political situation in Daqin is very stable, and this stable situation is getting worse day by day, whether it is the officials or the common people, even if they are dissatisfied, but in fact, more of them still maintain stability and obedience.

The requirements of the common people are very simple, that is, as Jiangbei Pavilion said: just for a meal, a clothing and a place to live.

At present, Chen Xu has to worry about his own safety and let himself live as well as possible, and at the same time worry about the inheritance and future of Chinese civilization.

So he felt very tired, and at the same time a little dazed.

Ten years from now, what will really happen?

Even if he hugged Qin Shi Huang's thick thighs, can he change history, change China, and change destiny with his own strength?

At the foot of the hill a mile away, next to the pottery workshop, another enclosed mud and stone room was built, not too large, about seven or eight meters long, with a few small holes in it, no more than two meters wide and high, like a large chimney lying horizontally on the ground.

This is where Chen Xu used to make ink.

An earthen stove and this long mud and stone room were used to burn pine wood for pine smoke.

In fact, there is ink in this era, but the graphite used is the black carbon core in the center of the dry battery in later generations, which is an ore with a high carbon content, very brittle, and should be ground into powder and stirred into black ink with water, which is used to write on bamboo and wood tablets, but because the particles are very rough and the water solubility is not good, the color of the words written is not black, and it is easy to fall off after a long time, so the important information is still carved out of the font with a carving knife on the bamboo and wood tablets, and then the graphite water is added with a brush, which belongs to a completely repetitive labor. But I had to do this, otherwise it would be difficult to read the characters engraved on the bamboo tablets.

But Qinghe Town, this kind of poor countryside does not even have graphite, usually writing is written with charcoal powder and water, and it will be recognizable on the bamboo and wood slips, but written on the paper because the water content is too large, it will open a large piece in an instant, so he is written after boiling with tung oil and water and wood toner, but the charcoal powder is also rough and water-soluble is not good, and the tung oil viscosity is too large, very sticky pen, once the tung oil ink is dry, this pen is wasted, and the production of the brush is more troublesome, so the cost is relatively large, There is also one of the biggest disadvantages of tung ink is that it dries quickly, and it is inconvenient to make and use, because the filling and storage seals are not good, and the boiled ink may be dry after a few days, and it cannot be used at all, so Chen Xu needs to make the kind of ink strips in the future in advance, and when you use it, you can use it by grinding it with water in the inkstone.

Chen Xu only knew that the popular ones in later generations were pine smoke ink, and the experience of rural life also told him that the smoke coming out of the wood-burning stove would be attached to the bottom of the pot or chimney, and the pot should be taken down and scraped off a thick layer of ash at the bottom of the pot for a year and a half, otherwise the pot will make the chef want to die when stir-frying, of course, the chimney is the same, and it must be cleaned up in a few years, otherwise the entire chimney may be blocked by soot, and then naturally it is not well ventilated to cause a lifetime of fire and smoke all over the house. It is enough to smoke the fire-burning people into Kunlun slaves.

What is cleaned from the bottom of the pot or chimney is charcoal ash, and the particles are definitely much finer than the powder made from charcoal, and it is certainly much better than toner ink for making ink.

And the long room in front of me used to make ink is actually a stove and a chimney.

In this era of extremely low materials and construction workmanship, it is impossible to build a chimney high, but slender is not a problem at all, so it is such a strange big chimney that has been repaired now.

To get enough soot, the less fully burned the better, that is, the wood cannot be fully burned, and it smokes desperately, just like smoking bacon.

The earthen stove had been lit, but it was now burning with dry wood, mainly to dry the big chimney, for it had only been repaired for a day.

"Lady Ritori!" When several helpers saw Chen Xu riding over, they all quickly stood up and saluted.

"No need to be polite, is it all smoked inside?" Chen Xu jumped off the horse and waved his hand and asked.

"It's been burning for four or five hours, and it should be about the same!" An honest middle-aged man hurriedly said.

"That's fine, anyway, it's just an experiment for the time being, slowly throw those pine and cypress branches back into it to cover the fire, the bigger the smoke, the better, don't light an open flame, burn for a few days and then extinguish the fire, and then wait for the inside to cool down and sweep the soot out, remember to wear a mask, hat and gloves, otherwise it will not be easy to wash off!"

"Don't worry, we will save it!" The middle-aged man nodded hurriedly.

Seeing that a few helpers began to throw pine and cypress branches into it to cover the fire outlet of the earthen stove, the smoke billowed up in an instant, and a large amount of black smoke rolled out from the feeding port, and the two helpers standing in front were directly swallowed up by the smoke.

"That's enough, close the door and let the smoke simmer inside!" Chen Xu saw that he had lost enough, so he asked the entrance door to close, and then the whole chimney was like a coal-burning locomotive, spewing out dark smoke from a few small holes on the top and soaring into the air, directly into the air for dozens of meters.

After watching for half an hour, the smoke from the cigarette outlet slowly weakened, Chen Xu ordered to open the door, and sure enough, some of the pine and cypress branches inside had begun to burn, so Chen Xu ordered to continue to throw pine and cypress branches inside, and close the door again after completely covering the open flame.

"Just deal with it like this, the thicker the smoke, the better, pay attention to safety!"

After Chen Xu said a few words, he rode away.

Whether it is papermaking or ink making, in fact, it is not necessary for him now, as a lidian, his main job is to manage the entire Qinghe Township of more than 600 households and nearly 3,000 people to cultivate, weave and farm, otherwise, once the grain tax does not rise, no matter how much he does, it will be in vain.

But for now, it seems that this year is a rare good year.

Because it is already autumn, the rain will be less and less, and the mushrooms and millet in the fields have begun to turn yellow, and it is less than a month before the harvest, so he must ensure that this year's autumn harvest is successfully completed, and he will soon recruit the second batch of people who build roads to replace Ma Erdan and they will come back, so soon the whole Qinghe Town will be busy.

Immediately after the autumn harvest, it is time to sow wheat, and this year he plans to promote the work of deep ploughing in the whole township, if half of the fields can be sown after deep ploughing with Quyuan plow, then it is possible that the summer grain income of Quanqinghe Town will triple next year.

Although this goal is very difficult, mainly because of the lack of large livestock such as cattle and horses, and the speed of plow rake production is far from keeping up, but after all, the task of ploughing the ground he has already let the four pavilion chiefs notify the eleven villages, and each village has issued at least five or six sets of curved plows and horizontal rakes, hoes and other farm tools have also been supplemented, and now from the feedback back to the situation, after the summer grain harvest, each village has begun to plough the wheat field, although most of them are pulled by manpower. However, some of the families with sufficient labor force have already ploughed seven or eight acres of land, and as for the fields near Qinghe Town, because there are more cattle and horses, some families have already ploughed twenty or thirty acres of land.

While ploughing the fields, Chen Xu also asked all the villagers, regardless of men, women, and children, to collect human and animal manure and pile it in the ground, and if there is no human and animal manure, they will cut weeds, dig pond mud, mix it together, compost and ferment, these are issued as tasks, must be carried out, and those who are lazy will be caught to build roads in the town.

However, Chen Xu's prestige is very good, whether it is plowing the ground or composting, it is meticulously implemented by all the villagers.

And in their spare time, the villagers also continue to go up the mountain to dig medicinal herbs and pick mountain grapes to send to the town's medicine workshop and winery in exchange for some change, which is completely an extra income that has never been seen in previous years, not only that, but the town's paper mill also buys all kinds of shabby clothes, rotten linen and hemp rope, as well as new and old hemp and bamboo shoot shells and grass and other materials, which is another additional income.

Hemp is a very common thing, almost no need to plant it, generally every family will plant more or less in front of and behind the house, peeled off the hemp spun into hemp and weave cloth at home is also a lot, the so-called self-sufficient small peasant economy, rural people can supply everything except metal, spinning and weaving is almost a necessary skill for every rural woman, Chen Xu's mother Chen Jiang will also, but there is no time on weekdays, and when you are free, spin a few pieces of cloth, and take it to the town to change salt, for a woman, That's pretty much the only way they can make money.

Because of this year's bumper summer grain harvest, and several workshops in the town are constantly spending money to collect some things, so the villagers of Shili Eight Village also have more or less surplus money in their hands this year, and the hard-working and capable families have earned two or three hundred yuan more, which is enough to exceed the income of two or three years in previous years, so this year, the sales of salt tools and pottery linen in the town are several times more than in previous years, and several workshops in the town have also made a lot of money.

Quyuan plough and horizontal rake are Chen Xu's money by the carpentry workshop and the blacksmith shop jointly built, now free to use, and after the summer grain harvest next year, if the yield per mu exceeds three stones, the villagers who turn over the land must pay more for every five acres of grain as a rental fee.

This policy is naturally enthusiastically approved by all the villagers, anyway, now with a plough and rake to plough the land and do not cost money, if the yield per mu really reaches three stones, this is almost double than in previous years, five acres more than one stone rental fee is completely reasonable, the most important thing is that Xiao Lidian assured them that as long as they farm according to the method he said, it is possible to reach five stones per mu next year, so although it is very tiring to plough the land and collect fertilizer, everyone is working hard, if they can turn over ten acres of land, wheat alone will be income fifty stones.

Moreover, Xiao Lidian also said that no matter how much grain income is next year, only the field tax and Ding tax need to be completed as usual, and Qinghe Town will never collect an extra grain of grain.

Therefore, if ten acres of land receive fifty stone of wheat, and the rest is one's own after paying seven or eight stone of tax grain, this is simply a fragrant big meat patty, which completely stimulates all the villagers in the entire Qinghe Town, so recently all the villages are in full swing ploughing land and collecting fertilizer.

And at this time, deep ploughing of the land, not only will all the weed roots be removed, but also those weeds whose seeds are not fully mature will also be buried in the soil, and after a month, these grasses rotting in the soil can also be regarded as fertilizer, and next year the weeds in the field will be less than half, plus the collected fertilizer, as long as the wind and rain are smooth, the grain output will be doubled or tripled, in Chen Xu's opinion, there is no problem at all.