Ma Chao is a mixed-race child, and his grandmother is a Qiang woman. It stands to reason that he only has a quarter of Qiang blood, but the characteristics of mixed race are very obvious, he is handsome and strong, wherever he goes, unless there is no woman, there is a woman, he is a target.

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Ma Chao (176-222), the name Mengqi, Fufeng Maoling (now Xingping, Shaanxi), the descendant of the Han Fubo general Ma Yuan, the son of Ma Teng.

became famous as a young man, and Cao Cao recruited Ma Chao into Beijing as an official many times, but Ma Chao refused. Then, Ma Teng entered Beijing and was named a guard captain, and Ma Chao commanded Ma Teng's troops.

Cao Cao ruled the Guanzhong, Ma Chao united with the princes of Guanzhong Han Sui and others to resist Cao Cao, which once posed a great threat to Cao Cao, but was defeated and retreated by Cao Cao with a discord strategy.

After that, Ma Chao gathered troops to capture the counties of Longshang, and after the defeat, he attached himself to Zhang Lu in Hanzhong.

When Liu Bei attacked Liu Zhang, Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei and besieged Chengdu with Liu Bei's army. After the establishment of the Shu Han Dynasty, Ma Chaoguan became a hussar general and a tái township. In the second year of Zhang Wu (222), Ma Chao died of illness at the age of 47, and was posthumously named Weihou during the Liu Chan period.

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In the first year of Han Jian'an (196), Ma Chao's father Ma Teng and the northwest warlord Han Sui caused some minor frictions among their subordinates to conquest each other. Ma Chao was known as "Jianyong" when he was young, and fought with Han Sui's general Yan Xing in the battle between Ma Teng and Han Sui, Yan Xing attacked Ma Chao, the spear was broken by Ma Chao, and Yan Xing almost injured Ma Chao's neck with a broken spear to kill Ma Chao.

During the Sanfu turmoil, Ma Chao led the army to break through Su's Dock Fort.

Yuan Shangbu combined Gao Gan and Guo Yuan with the Southern Xiongnu Shan Yu Hu Chuquan to attack Hedong and plunder Guanzhong in the seventh year of Jian'an (202), and Zhong Xiang (yáo), the commander of the school, wrote a letter to Ma Teng and Han Sui, stating the pros and cons, and sent Zhang Ji, Fu Gan and others to persuade and ask Ma Teng and Han Sui to send troops to help.

Ma Teng sent Ma Chao to lead more than 10,000 people into Guanzhong to aid Zhong Xuan, and the imperial court appointed Ma Chao as the captain of the division to supervise the army, crusading against Guo Yuan, Gao Gan, etc.

When Guo Yuan led a large army to cross the Fen River, Ma Chao led his army to intercept and kill Guo Yuan halfway through the river.

During the battle, Ma Chao was injured by an arrow in the foot, but Ma Chao did not flinch, wrapped the injured foot with a cloth, and continued to lead the army to fight, breaking the enemy army.

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When Cao Cao served as prime minister, he wanted to recruit Ma Chao to join the court as an official, but Ma Chao did not go to the post. After the crusade against Guo Yuan, Cao Cao borrowed the edict of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty to worship Ma Chao as the assassin of Xuzhou, but Ma Chao still did not go to the post.

Cao Cao changed the title of Ma Chao to the counselor, and the position of Xuzhou Assassin was given to Zang Ba by the imperial court.

Under the persuasion of Zhang Ji, Ma Teng entered the court as an official in the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208) and was named a guard captain. Ma Chao's two younger brothers, Ma Xiu, and Ma Tie were also named Che Du Lieutenant and Cavalry Du Lieutenant, but Ma Chao stayed in Liangzhou and was named a partial general and Du Tinghou, commanding Ma Teng's troops, and separating the "Sanfu" where the Ma family's forces were located, and still stationed troops in Huaili.

In the fifteenth year of Jian'an (210), Zhou Yu and Sun Quan proposed to capture Liangchuan and unite with Ma Chao to besiege Cao Cao, but they died of illness before the plan was implemented.

Cao Cao sent Zhong Xuan and Xiahou Yuan to lead an army out of Hedong in an attempt to attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong through the territory of Ma Chao and other Liangzhou warlords, and the Guanxi warlords led by Ma Chao and Han Sui suspected that Cao Cao wanted to attack and annex Liangzhou.

Ma Chao thought that this was Cao Cao's false way to destroy the guó (guó), so he united the Guanzhong generals Zhang Heng, Liang Xing, Yang Qiu of Anding, Hou Xuan of Hedong, Cheng Yin, Li Kan, Ma Wan, Cheng Yi and other ten departments with a total of 100,000 horses to raise troops against Cao, during which Ma Chao tried to win over Liu Xiongming's forces, but was refused, was defeated by Ma Chao led his troops, and took refuge in Cao Cao.

In order to win over Han Sui, Ma Chao even said to Han Sui that he would give up his father and let Han Sui give up his son and treat himself as a son.

Therefore, the Guanzhong coalition army elected Han Sui as the governor, gathered in Weihe and Tongguan, and built a camp.

Cao Cao sent Cao Ren and others to refuse, because he was afraid of the elite Guanxi soldiers, Cao Cao ordered the generals to hold the wall, not to attack head-on, and wait for the support of Cao Cao's army.

In July, Cao Cao led the Central Plains army to the west in person, and confronted the Ma Chao coalition army at Tongguan and Jiaguan.

Cao Cao's army was stationed in Pusaka and wanted to cross the river westward, but Ma Chao heard about it and said to Han Sui, "You can hold on the north bank of the Wei River, and in less than 20 days, the grain in the east of the river will run out, and the enemy will withdraw on its own." ”

However, it was replaced by Han Sui's strategy of "half crossing the attack".

Cao Cao later heard about Ma Chao's plan and sighed, "If Ma Chao doesn't die, I'm afraid I won't even have a place to bury."

In August, Cao Cao crossed the Yellow River from Tongguan to the north, sent Xu Huang, Zhu Ling and others to lead 4,000 people to cross Puhanjin at night, Ma Chao knew, sent Liang Xing to lead 5,000 troops to attack Xu Huang, but was repelled by Xu Huang, Xu Huang occupied Hexi to set up a camp, Cao Cao personally led the army from Tongguan to the north, the front team just passed, Cao Cao and Xu Chu and more than 100 Hushi broke off, Ma Chao suddenly led more than 10,000 foot cavalry to kill, the whole army was in chaos, but Cao Cao still sat on the Hu bed and did not get up.

Xu Chu, Zhang He and other generals, seeing that the matter was urgent, set up Cao Cao and took him out of the boat, and hurriedly crossed the river.

Cao Cao's subordinate Tiger Guard Xu Chu used a saddle to block arrows with one hand and a pole with the other, desperately rescued Cao Cao.

Cao Cao's lieutenant Ding Fei released a large number of cattle and horses on the riverbank, and Ma Chao's soldiers couldn't take advantage of the victory to pursue, so they ran to catch the running cattle and horses, but Ma Chao couldn't control it, so Cao Cao was able to successfully cross the river.

Cao Cao's generals saw the defeat and didn't know where Cao Cao was, they were very frightened, and when they saw Cao Cao later, they were sad and surprised, and some were scared and cried.

Cao Cao laughed and said, "I was almost trapped by a thief today!" ”

In September, Cao Cao escaped across the Wei River to Weinan.

The Ma and Han coalition forces lost strategic points, so they could only retreat, refusing to camp in Weikou, but Cao Cao set up suspicious soldiers many times, sneaked into the Wei River with boats and troops, and made a pontoon bridge, and at night, Cao Cao divided his troops and camped in Weinan.

The coalition army attacked the barracks at night, and Cao Cao set up an ambush to break the sneak attack of the Ma-Han coalition army.

So Ma Chao and others stationed troops in Weinan and sent letters asking for peace talks in the area west of the river, but Cao Cao did not agree.

Under Lougui's strategy of pouring water to build an ice city, Cao Cao's army was able to cross Weishui in batches, and the Ma-Han coalition army challenged several times, but Cao Cao just did not fight, and the coalition army could only ask for land cession and send hostages to ask for peace.

Cao Cao took Jia Xu's strategy, pretended to agree, and then talked and laughed with Han Sui in front of the battle, (during which Ma Chao and Han Sui negotiated with Cao Cao in person, Ma Chao was conceited of his bravery, placed six rice bags in front of the horse, rode back and forth, measured Cao Cao's weight with Hu rice, and wanted to secretly attack and capture Cao Cao, but I heard that Cao Cao's guard Xu Chu was brave, so he gave up this idea.) Cao Cao soon found out that he had palpitations and said, "I was almost bullied by a cunning thief." Let the coalition forces suspect Han Sui, Cao Cao wrote a letter to Han Sui that was altered and falsified, dividing the Guanzhong coalition army, causing the warlords of the Guanzhong coalition army to be suspicious of each other.

Cao Cao took this opportunity to launch an attack and launched a decisive battle in the area of Weinan, in which the coalition forces were defeated and Cheng Yi and Li Kan were killed.

After the Battle of Tongguan, a total of tens of thousands of military and civilian casualties were killed, and Cao Cao also regretted not listening to Wei Qian's words and forced the generals to rebel against Guanzhong.