"It's not one of the best, I'm afraid that Wei Bao's current family property has surpassed our Wu family! As long as he can hold southern Liaonan, when the time comes, the entire large families in western Liaodong and Liaodong together will not be able to catch up with one-tenth of Wei Bao! "What Wei Bao said is a bit exaggerated, but Wei Bao really holds the southern part of Liaoning, and he can indeed be ranked on the top of the entire Daming row!

"Okay, okay, Sanfeng already knows that Wei Bao is powerful now, and he won't quarrel with Wei Bao anymore, go ahead." Wu Zushi said with a smile.

Although Wu Zushi received Wei Bao that day, he was not salty or indifferent to Wei Bao on the surface, although he was very polite, he was really warm.

But Wu Zu's heart recognized Wei Bao, as the saying goes, the mother-in-law looks at her son-in-law, and the more she looks at it, the happier she becomes, which is not unreasonable.

Only the father-in-law will be wary of his son-in-law, and he keeps picking on him, it seems that the son-in-law has robbed him of any treasure, especially the father-in-law who loves his daughter, and the relationship with his son-in-law is not good, which is normal.

Wu Zu's family had already calculated this account clearly, and recruiting Wei Bao as his son-in-law was more cost-effective than looking for Zu Kefa, and he didn't know how many times it was cost-effective, and when he heard that Wei Bao was so atmospheric, he liked it even more.

Wu Xiang and Wu Sanfeng went to the banquet in person, which can be regarded as giving Wei Bao a great face, and it can be regarded as the fact that the generals of the Liaoxi family have completely recognized Wei Bao's status and recognized the fact that Wei Bao is a big family in Liaoning!

On the way to Shanhailou, they received the news from the housekeeper Lao Wu from the various businesses under the Wu family, and knew that Wei Bao had spent a total of more than 90,000 taels of silver today, less than 100,000 taels of silver. Although it is not as evil as the rumors outside, but nearly 100,000 taels of silver, spent in such a short period of time, I am afraid that only Wei Bao will do this!

When Wu Xiang and Wu Sanfeng arrived, they were just in time for the commander Yang Qi and his son Yang Hongyi to arrive.

This came as a surprise to both father and son.

Zu Guangyao, the prefect of Yongping Mansion, is a descendant of the ancestral family, and he seems to have a bright title, but he can't compare with Wu Xiang at all in terms of actual power.

And Ma Shilong, the nominal chief soldier of Shanhaiguan, actually did not wait in Shanhaiguan for a long time, but because of the title of another governor, he was outside the customs for a long time and was with Jiliao Governor.

Therefore, Yang Qi and Wu Xiang are the actual first and second children in the officialdom of western Liaoning.

The first and second are not very different, because Yang Qi is a foreign official and belongs to the Jiliao family, but in fact, he doesn't have much real power, he just represents the official. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the imperial court was really unable to support Liaodong in Liaoxi, it simply distributed the total soldiers in Liaodong and Liaodong to the local generals, which is how it came.

"Hello Lord Wu, I didn't expect you to live in a simple place on weekdays, and rarely participate in gatherings between businessmen, but you also came today." Yang Qi said with a smile.

"Hello Lord Yang, Lord Yang, as the commander of Shanhaiguan, was able to attend a gathering of businessmen, which surprised me." Wu Xiang secretly fought back.

Although the two of them are nominally in the same officialdom in Shanhaiguan, they rarely see each other in a month or two, and they really can't talk about a good friendship, and they are both people with a very defensive mentality.

Yang Qi and Wu Xiang spoke, and Wu Sanfeng also exchanged a few polite words with Yang Hongyi, and the two of them had nothing to say at all.

The four of them, accompanied by a group of entourage, were led by the people who were in charge of receiving Shanhailou and Tiandi Firm, and entered Shanhailou.

Today, Uncle Sun Jiu, the shopkeeper of Shanhailou, is busy, and Shanhailou has not had such a big scene for a long time.

At this time, Sister Fang was in charge of counter affairs, and Uncle Sun Jiu himself personally started to entertain, constantly receiving guests, and instructed the guys to serve food and wine, and arrange guest seats.

"The first, second and third floors can't be stuffed, and it seems that more than half of the business points are given to others." Uncle Sun Jiu looked at the crowd of people, the continuous influx of guests, happy and regretful, eager to do all the business to be happy: "This Wei Gongzi is really generous, he invited a guest, and we can't catch up with the revenue and silver in one or two months." And these are all guests with heads and faces, and Wei Gongzi asked us to serve as many expensive drinks and dishes as we wanted. ”

Sister Fang watched her father's excited Balabala and couldn't stop talking, but she smiled gently, thinking of Wei Bao, her heart was infinitely sweet.

Uncle Sun Jiu no longer objected to Sister Fang and Wei Bao being together, but was worried that Wei Bao, who was in today's status, would look down on his daughter, and often regretted that Wei Bao had been asked to be able to get along with each other. Uncle Sun Jiu didn't know that Wei Bao and Sister Fang had already had a relationship, let alone that Sister Fang had promised to be Wei Bao's concubine.

"Dad, Lord Wu and Lord Yang have arrived!" Sister Fang's eyes were sharp, and when she saw Wu Xiang and Yang Qi coming in, she hurriedly poked her father who was resting against the counter.

Uncle Sun Jiu snorted, the rabbit moved like a bullet, and hurriedly greeted him with a smile: "Yo, it was the commander who made Lord Yang and Master Wu arrive, and if you miss the welcome, you deserve death." ”

Yang Qi and Wu Xiang looked at Uncle Sun Jiu, who was arched and arched, and the prawn-like Uncle Sun didn't say anything, nodding slightly, which could be regarded as a reply.

"Adults, please go slowly, I will take the two adults and the son to the private room on the third floor, where is Gongzi Wei, the best private room in our Shanhailou has been prepared for the adults." Uncle Sun Jiu didn't care about the cold attitude of the high-ranking officials, he was still very enthusiastic, like a young man, full of enthusiasm and drive, groveling to lead the way.

Sister Fang saw her father like this in front of Wu Xuexia's father, and she felt a little uncomfortable, if she hadn't been with Wei Bao, her father would not have felt much before.

Sister Fang secretly made up her mind that after following Wei Bao, she must be in the Heaven and Earth Society, even if she may be among Wei Bao's women, her identity and status can't suppress Wu Xuexia, but in terms of helping Wei Bao, she must compete for the first place!

Sister Fang felt that with Wei Bao's intelligence and courage, she should not be completely blinded by the woman's beauty, nor by the woman's family background, there is still a long way to go, to gain Wei Bao's favor, who can help Wei Bao more in his career, who will have the upper hand among Wei Bao's women.

In fact, after Sister Fang had such a plan, her biggest opponent was not Wu Xuexia, but Fan Xiaolin, Fan Xiaolin, Wang Qiuya, and Xu Rui are now all working directly within the Heaven and Earth Society, and their positions are very high! The highest is Fan Xiaolin, the deputy chief manager!

Uncle Sun Jiu led Yang Qi, Yang Hongyi, Wu Xiang, Wu Sanfeng and others upstairs, and as soon as they arrived at the door of the largest and most luxurious private room on the third floor, they heard a burst of lively laughter inside.

Everyone coaxed Wu Sanfu to drink.

Wu Sanfu stood with a smile and said loudly: "I drank this wine, but I said okay, this president of the Jiliao Chamber of Commerce is not what I want to do, you insist on me to do it!" Moreover, I had never even heard the word chamber of commerce before. Other Jin merchants, Hui merchants, Su merchants, Jiangxi merchants and Zhejiang merchants are all called merchants, right? ”

It turned out that everyone was coaxing Wu Sanfu, the president of the Chamber of Commerce, to speak.

Wei Bao explained with a smile: "The Chamber of Commerce is an inevitable product of the commodity economy. Generally, it is a social group legal person established by businessmen in accordance with the law for the purpose of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of members and promoting the prosperity of industry and commerce. The legal characteristics of the chamber of commerce are mutual, civil, self-discipline, and legal person. The Chamber of Commerce is the process of establishing the identity of businessmen, and it is also the process of organizing businessmen in an orderly manner. The chamber of commerce is an indispensable and important link to realize the optimal allocation of resources under the conditions of market economy, and is an important link to realize the interconnection between the government and businessmen, businessmen and businessmen, and businessmen and society. A typical type of chamber of commerce is an industry association, which is a social group that is voluntarily formed by enterprise legal persons, related public institution legal persons and other organizations in the same industry in accordance with the law and does not aim for profit. Its purpose is to strengthen the connection between enterprises in the same industry, communicate the relationship between enterprises in the industry and the government, coordinate the interests of the same industry, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of member enterprises and promote the development of the industry. The other type of chamber of commerce is territorial, usually a voluntary organization formed by local companies, public servants, freelancers and citizens who are committed to the public good. Jin merchants, Hui merchants, Su merchants, Jiangxi merchants and Zhejiang merchants are called by region, which has great limitations! Our Jiliao Chamber of Commerce, in the future, will also establish the Grain Association, the Cloth Industry Association, the Tobacco and Alcohol Association, these industry chambers of commerce, more detailed and scientific than them. ”

The Jin merchants, Hui merchants, Su merchants, Jiangxi merchants and Zhejiang merchants were the main merchant gangs in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and they were all active on the historical stage until the end of the Qing Dynasty, but the Jiangxi merchants and Su merchants gradually declined. The Jin merchants, Hui merchants and Zhejiang merchants have always been active. It's all famous!

At present, the two largest merchant groups in the Ming Dynasty are the Jin merchants in the north and the Nanzhili merchants in the south, and the Nanzhili merchants are actually composed of Hui merchants, Su merchants, Jiangxi merchants and Zhejiang merchants. The spokesperson for their interests is the Jiangnan civilian-bureaucratic clique, or in other words, the Donglin Party, which is mainly formed by officials in the Jiangnan area.

The Chamber of Commerce is a social group organized by commercial capitalists in a capitalist society to protect their business interests. The purpose is to collect domestic and foreign market intelligence, adjust internal disputes between industry and commerce, introduce import and export foreign trade, and represent the interests of businessmen to the government.

Founded in the late Qing Dynasty, the old China Chamber of Commerce has been set up in counties, cities and larger towns across the country, and has provincial and national organizations. It is usually composed of members of trade associations or firms, and is often manipulated by big capitalists and local gentlemen. Some also have reactionary forces.

The Chamber of Commerce is one of the earliest social organizations in the modern sense of China in modern times, and it is also one of the most influential associations in society. From a legal point of view, the process of establishing the Chinese chamber of commerce system is also the process of establishing the identity of businessmen in the modern sense, and the process of organizing businessmen in an orderly manner. Compared with the non-governmental chambers of commerce in the West at that time, it was more official and relied more on the institutional catalysis of national laws. The catalytic effect of this system has been very remarkable, and it has quite quickly transformed and absorbed various forms of traditional merchant organizations into interest groups with a subjective character.

The structure, form and function of the merchant organizations in early China were relatively simple, and they were almost closed organizations among pure merchants.

Since the late Qing Dynasty, due to the changes in the situation, the status of merchants has changed greatly, and the nature of merchant organizations has also changed accordingly.

Traditional merchant organizations, such as guilds and bendos, began to transform into chambers of commerce in the modern sense.

In 1899, the first non-governmental constitution for the Chamber of Commerce appeared, the Statute of the Establishment of the Chamber of Commerce in China.

In 1902, Yan Xinhou, the general director of the Shanghai Commerce Bank, organized the establishment of the Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, which was the prototype of the modern chamber of commerce.

In 1903, the Qing government established the Ministry of Commerce as the highest administrative body governing agriculture, industry and commerce.

In 1904, according to the opinion of the Ministry of Commerce of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the Qing court decreed the promulgation of the "Concise Statutes of the Chading Chamber of Commerce" and "Six Articles of the Supplementary Provisions of the Constitution of the Chamber of Commerce".

This legal document became the legal basis for the establishment of the Chamber of Commerce.

On January 13, 1905, the Tianjin Chamber of Commerce was formally established.

By 1908, there were 58 general chambers of commerce (9 of which were established overseas) and 223 chapters. The total number of chambers of commerce swelled to 794 in 1912 and 1,262 in 1915.

In 1915, the Senate passed the Chamber of Commerce Act at the second regular session, which was promulgated in December. In February of the following year, the Enforcement Rules for the Amendment to the Chamber of Commerce Law were promulgated. In 1927, after the establishment of the Nanjing Nationalist Government, the "Chamber of Commerce Law" and the "Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Chamber of Commerce Law" were revised.

In 1929, the Ministry of Industry and Commerce drafted the "Chamber of Commerce Law", which was promulgated and implemented on August 15 of the same year.

Since its establishment, the chamber of commerce system has been a community organization with a strong sense of independence, and compared with other forms of associations, it is a new type of commercial non-governmental organization that the Qing government attaches the most importance to and advocates at that time.

Wei Bao put forward the concept of chamber of commerce at the end of the Ming Dynasty, theoretically, the form of China's chamber of commerce was advanced by more than 200 years! With theoretical advantages alone, it has an innate advantage over other merchants in this era!

Heaven and Earth Firm, not to mention Heaven and Earth Society, because from the beginning of Wei Bao's establishment, Heaven and Earth Society has not been a simple commercial organization, but a close political institution, a political organ, huge and fine, with a clear political statement, which is incomparable to the Chamber of Commerce.

Everyone doesn't understand what is called commodity economy and what is market economy, let Wei Bao explain.

Wei Bao smiled: "Whether it is a commodity economy or a market economy, buyers and sellers have the final say!" Convenient trading, fair trading, and the rights and interests of merchants are protected! Anyway, from the very beginning of its establishment, our Chamber of Commerce has been much more powerful than Jin merchants, Hui merchants, Su merchants, Jiangxi merchants and Zhejiang merchants! Let's have another drink of President Wu! ”

Everyone is not entangled in what it means, they all feel that Wei Bao is indeed a talent, with this kind of official name, the merchants in the Jiliao area will also have their own signboards in the future, whether they can be compared with the glory of the Jin merchants in the future, I don't know, anyway, shouting out, it's quite bright, this is everyone's feeling.

Yang Qi looked at Wu Xiang at the door, secretly thinking that you still made it look like you came temporarily, and your son has become the president of the Jiliao Chamber of Commerce?

Wu Xiang looked confused, and he couldn't figure out what was going on, secretly wondering if Wu Sanfu was pulled into some kind of condom by Wei Bao again?

There is another point that makes Wu Xiang very strange, I heard that there are many figures in the officialdom, and there are many big families in the Shanhaiguan area, these people shouldn't be so kind and so enthusiastic, right? Because Wei Bao is here, everyone has cheated everyone on Wei Bao again and again, is there no prejudice?

Yang Hongyi and Wu Sanfeng were very jealous.

Although Yang Qi is on par with Wu Xiang in terms of fame and status. But Yang Hongyi's reputation and status are much worse than Wu Sanfeng, and there are really not many people inside and outside the Guan who have not heard of the eldest son of the Wu family.

Wu Sanfeng was not well-known in later generations, that was because he mainly operated within the family, and he did not become the chief soldier of Shanhaiguan like Wu Sangui in the end, and he was dominant in the late Ming Dynasty.

Wu Sanfeng was even more angry than Yang Hongyi, secretly wondering what this Jiliao Chamber of Commerce was? If you want to get this kind of thing, it should be his father who is in charge! When will it be Wu Sanfu's turn? Even if his father is not right, if he is replaced by someone else, he should be the eldest son of the Wu family, so he is justified, right?

Uncle Sun Jiu saw a few people stop and signaled if he wanted to open the door and report?

Yang Qi nodded, meaning to open the door.

Only then did Uncle Sun Jiu push open the door and sing with a smile: "The commander is Lord Yang, and Master Wu is here!" ”

This shopkeeper is really six, and his kung fu is very solid.

When everyone in the hall heard this, they hurriedly stopped drinking and stood up one after another, their status was too far from Yang Qi and Wu Xiang, and they were all respectful.

Everyone greeted Yang Qi and Wu Xiang one after another, and Uncle Sun Jiu retreated in interest and went to the door to let the guys wait well.

Today's Shanhailou guys are simply not enough! The authentic guys of Shanhailou can only serve some important tables and are responsible for serving these dishes. The ordinary guests are all in charge of their own family members and retinues.

In the private room, Wu Xuexia sat next to the large table, a small round table, but separated by a screen.

No matter how noble a woman in the Ming Dynasty is, it is impossible to share a table with a man on such a formal occasion.

Wu Xuexia saw her father and eldest brother coming, and hurriedly got up and came out to meet her.

"You don't have to be formal, the news I got temporarily, I came around and left, and I didn't have to be formal." Although Wu Xiang had a lot of questions, he looked calm and light.

Yang Qi also smiled and said: "Me too, Wei Gongzi's people just informed me that I was going to prepare for dinner, thinking that it was better to drink and eat from the Tiandi Firm, so I came over." ”

Yang Qi usually has a straight face and looks dignified, but in private, he is still very able to mingle with the 'masses'.

Yang Qi's words caused a burst of laughter from all the dignitaries present, and the atmosphere was also a lot more relaxed.

Then Wu Sanfeng and Yang Hongyi sat down in turn, Wu Sanfu sat under Wu Sanfeng, and Wei Bao sat under Wu Sanfu.

Today, because Wei Bao is a guest, Wei Bao is the proprietor, otherwise even if Wei Bao's status at this time is not what it used to be, but the qualifications are there, and he wants to sit, there is no way to sit next to Wu Xiang and Yang Qi like this.

"Wei Bao, what's the matter with you, Jiliao Chamber of Commerce? It's your idea to make Sanfu the president, right? He can't do it, he hasn't done business before, how can he be a president? As soon as Wu Xiang took his seat, he went straight to the point. Mainly because he was afraid of causing Yang Qi's misunderstanding, he thought he had colluded with Wei Bao or something.

Wei Bao hurriedly explained the role of the Chamber of Commerce with a smile: "Lord Wu, in my opinion, we should have made a Chamber of Commerce in Jiliao, Liaoxi and Liaodong, a long time ago." In this way, everyone can form a joint force, and it is also convenient for the market to be stable. As for the position of the president of the Chamber of Commerce, the more virtuous and respected people are, such as Lord Wu, it is just right, but because a few of our classmates from Shanhai Academy started it first, everyone publicly recommended Brother Sanfu, so for the time being, it will be borne by Brother Sanfu first. ”

When Wu Xiang heard this, he snorted, and secretly thought that Wei Bao had a lot of flowers: "He can't do it, Sanfu has never done business, he can't settle accounts, he can't plan to make a plate, what will he do?" ”

Wei Bao shook his head and said: "Lord Wu's opinion, I don't dare to agree, I haven't done business, you can learn, and the business itself is not a difficult thing." Aren't the people who sell vegetables, grain, and firewood on the edge of Guancheng every day all businessmen? Brother Sanfu is a talent and reads poetry and books, can he be worse than them? In addition, the classmates all publicly recommended Brother Sanfu, which shows that Brother Sanfu has high prestige and good popularity, which is the most important thing. The Chamber of Commerce is mainly a liaison role, purifying the atmosphere of the shopping mall, the president himself has a reputation, and he can be popular, and he does not need to do business. ”

Hearing Wei Bao say this, everyone nodded in agreement, although Wei Bao's words were against Wu Xiang, but Wu Xiang was against his son as president, who knows if Wu Xiang was sincere or false? It's not good to praise yourself vigorously, so your son should be the president, right?

"Xiaobao, I can't say it, Dad, I really don't want to be this president." Wu Sanfu immediately continued.

Wu Xiang ignored Wu Sanfu, but looked at Wei Bao: "How else can you, the Chamber of Commerce, purify the shopping mall?" ”

"It's simple, all aspects can be purified, for example, some improper behaviors on the market now, in my opinion, gambling, is the first big evil! Gambling kills people! Wei Bao laughed.

When everyone heard this, they all secretly thought, if it weren't for the popularity of gambling, where would you win so many belongings? Didn't you win it all while you were taking advantage of the test Xiucai and the competition with Wu Sangui?

Wei Bao said that gambling is a big harm, but he really didn't say nonsense.

In Wei Bao's view, the fall of the Ming Dynasty was really sudden. The Ming Dynasty in the historical materials of the late Wanli period was still full of colorful urban and rural life and a thriving commodity economy.

In the words of Lu Yingyang, a remnant of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, it simply made people "sigh and admire". The foreign missionaries who came here were also dazzled when they came ashore, and foreign scholars such as Matteo Ricci exclaimed that they were "far richer than Europe".

But in such a prosperous world, it turned out to be a war of internal and external troubles in a blink of an eye, until the mountains and rivers changed color and the tragedy perished.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, commercial activities were famous and hot, but when it comes to the "commercial activities" that were popular throughout the late next year, gambling was the first to be promoted.

Although when the Ming Dynasty opened the country, it had a heavy hand on the gambling atmosphere, and the "National Beginning of the List" recorded that in the early Ming Dynasty, the common people had to break off their gambling hands, and officials had to be dismissed from office when they gambled. So much so that in the past two hundred years, the people of the Ming Dynasty trembled when they heard the word "gambling".

But after Emperor Wanli came into power, the last dynasty was not in the mood, and he was too lazy to "catch gambling". "Zhizhongzhi" also recorded that the Wanli Emperor himself was an expert in this matter, and often gambled in the palace, attracting eunuchs such as "Master of Ceremonies Palm Seal" and "Dongchang Bingbi", and gambled in the dark when he was empty.

With such a "lead", the gambling atmosphere of the Ming Dynasty naturally blew all over the city and countryside within a few years.

So, in the late Wanli period, the Ming Dynasty folk gambling style, there were all kinds of shocking scenes: "Shuyuan Miscellaneous" records, Kunshan and other economically developed areas, there is a new gambling method "leaf play", according to the gambling funds to deal cards, Wan Wan Guan cards, named "Hu Baoyi Song Jiang", millions of cards, named "Xing Wu Song", and so on one hundred and eight, the cheapest Wan Guan cards, named "Prodigal Yanqing".

There is a platform of "Liangshan heroes", this gambling method is naturally hot, and the Jiangnan area from the gentry to the business travelers are all fascinated. After a few cards are played, thousands of dollars are gambled out.

In big cities such as Beijing, Nanjing, and Hangzhou, gambling is even more popular among all strata. According to the "Five Miscellaneous Works", there are at least five or six thousand beggars in Beijing every year who make gambling their profession.

Even the scholars who theoretically "don't listen to things outside the window" have thrown down the sage books to gamble, and the Hangzhou gambling house fraud case recorded in the "Liuqing Journal" in the late Ming Dynasty has almost involved all the talents in Fuxue.

Take Gu Yanwu's "Daily Knowledge" as a denunciation: The Jinshi in Jiangnan in the late Ming Dynasty, the first thing he did after ascending to the throne was to gather crowds to gamble, and there was even a strange atmosphere of "being ashamed of gambling without work" - officials don't know how to gamble? I don't have a face to see people when I go out.

Later, many high-ranking officials in the Ming Dynasty also opened casinos after retirement, making money while "developing contacts".

The speed of corruption in the Ming Dynasty can be referred to the extent of the rampant gambling.

The increasingly fierce gambling wind is like a rapidly falling iron ball, leading the social atmosphere of the late Ming Dynasty, falling rapidly year after year.

After Wei Bao talked about the disadvantages of gambling, no one objected, and Wei Bao continued: "Fraud, insincerity, unruly business, short catties and less than two, deception, these are also what we Jiliao businessmen must put an end to, we must form a strong atmosphere, and have a strong reputation!" Why can Jin Shang's ticket house be so prosperous? Isn't that what they do to expand their business everywhere? As long as we Jiliao businessmen work together to break these unhealthy tendencies, we can also have a good reputation and form a larger organization! ”

In the farmers' market of the Ming Dynasty, in order to increase the weight of the livestock, the livestock sellers desperately gave the animals water when they went to market. Especially when selling chickens, it is even more simple and rude, directly filling the chickens with sand - just to sell a few more money.

In the Ming Dynasty, the cities full of counterfeit and shoddy goods were Nanjing, Beijing and Suzhou. Not to mention all kinds of daily department stores, they are full of defective products, and even the bayberry sold in these cities is to take the jerky bayberry and brush it purple and black directly with a big brown brush and ink, and it is actually sold as a ripe bayberry. What are the toxic consequences of eating it? Then no one cares.

When it developed to the Wanli period, the "fake and shoddy" atmosphere in the Ming Dynasty was becoming more and more intense. At that time, there were special reminders in books such as "The Journey of Water and Land in the World": Those who do business from Changzhou to Zhejiang must beware of scammers along the way. There are "pick-up apprentices" everywhere, and if you are not careful, you will be trapped. On the Changmen business district of Suzhou, there are a dazzling array of all kinds of goods, and it is even more necessary to "buy without knowing how to leave" - it is simply a pile of fakes.

Qian Zhuang was born in the south of the Yangtze River, the ticket number was founded in Shanxi, according to Wei Bao's understanding, the history of Qian Zhuang should be earlier than the ticket number, and their biggest difference is in the scope of service.

It seems that the money bank can only complete the local deposit and withdrawal, that is to say, the money deposited in the local area cannot be withdrawn in other places, but the ticket number is closer to the modern bank, which can realize the function of remote deposit and withdrawal, and is a networked financial institution, which is convenient for the merchants at that time to a large extent, and exempts the various difficulties and dangers of depositing the bank.

Because of this, later generations regard the ticket number as the originator of the Bank of China, rather than the bank.

Qianzhuang was a kind of credit institution in early old China, mainly distributed in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Fuzhou and other places.

In Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Jinan, Guangzhou and other places, it is called Yinhao, and its nature is the same as that of Qianzhuang.

In other places, such as Hankou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Xuzhou, etc., the money bank is called the same as the bank. In the early days, most of the money banks were sole proprietorships or partnerships.

In addition to handling deposits and loans, large-scale money banks can also issue bank bills, silver money bills, and exchange currency with tickets.

The small money bank, on the other hand, is only engaged in exchange business, commonly known as "money shop".

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, because silver taels and silver dollars were used together, there must be a conversion rate in between. However, the calculation is very complicated, and the conversion rate also fluctuates, just like the rise and fall of foreign exchange.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty, banks gradually emerged and replaced money banks. After the liberation, most of the money banks closed down. The banks that have not yet closed down in Shanghai have implemented public-private joint ventures with private banks and trust companies to form corporate joint venture banks.

In the Qing Dynasty, credit institutions mainly engaged in foreign exchange business. It is also known as a ticket banker, a foreign exchange number or a foreign exchange bank.

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, bills of exchange were popular as a tool for exchange. After Qianlong and Jiaqing, due to the expansion of inter-port trade, the exchange business developed rapidly, and the ticket number specializing in exchange was produced in due time.

In the early years of Daoguang, Shanxi Pingyao County, Rishengchang Pigment Village was reorganized into Rishengchang Ticket Village, which was the earliest one. Subsequently, merchants from Pingyao, Qixian and Taigu counties followed up and set up ticket numbers by transferring or re-raising funds for the exchange business that was originally operated by the firms.

It has formed a new industry monopolized by Shanxi people, commonly known as Shanxi ticket number. Foreigners call it Shanxi Bank.

Most of the ticket numbers are partnerships, and there are also sole proprietorships. The founding capital of each number ranges from tens of thousands of taels to two or three hundred thousand taels. Subsequently, from profit to profit, there are names such as capital protection and double capital, and the actual capital continues to expand. The capital of the ticket number is stored in the general number, and the general number is generally located in the place of origin, so the Shanxi ticket number is divided into Pingyao, Qixian and Taigu because of the different locations of the general number.

Set up branches in major cities, and do not allocate additional capital. Funds can be directly remitted or dispatched between the total and semicolon numbers. Closing the accounts every three or four years, and the profits are distributed by shares. Silver shares distributed according to capital; In addition, the share of people, commonly known as the top stock, is used to reward senior employees, and their allocation shares are determined according to their position and seniority.

The business of Shanxi ticket number is first of all foreign exchange, and the scope of activities covers the whole country. The focus of business is in the north, but it is also in the south. At its peak, there were more than 30 general numbers in Shanxi, and more than 400 branches in various provinces and autonomous regions across the country.

At that time, the ticket number was reputable, and the internal organization was tight, and it was able to keep secrets, although the interest rate on the deposit was low, and the aristocracy and bureaucracy were willing to deposit their private savings. In addition to officials, the loan targets are mainly money banks, pawnbrokers, and wealthy merchants, and do not have a loan relationship with ordinary merchants.

In addition, he also made profits by donating official titles and advances on behalf of others. Its main source of income was originally the conversion surplus of the two equal colors of water and silver; Later, the difference in the interest rate of the deposit money and the activities of donating to officials and seeking shortages also became important sources of profit.

These attributes, placed in the late Ming Dynasty, although not as prominent as the late Qing Dynasty, because there was no strong intervention of foreign capital at the end of the Ming Dynasty, but large-scale ticket numbers and money banks are still in demand!

Wei Bao didn't want to take the lead, he took the Jiliao businessman to make ticket numbers and money dealers, which was difficult to drive, and others thought he had some conspiracy and tricks.

Moreover, if you want to drive people like Wu Xiang, it is possible to drive, and you must have a powerful and prestigious family, occupy the vast majority of the capital, and take the lead.

If Wei Bao wants to do it, he can only take his time by himself.

In fact, Wei Bao has now started a bank under his own jurisdiction, which is equivalent to surpassing the times of the bank, ticket number, and silver number all at once!

"In addition to gambling and improper transactions, there is also a market environment for doing business in a fraudulent way, which is also something that we businessmen and the chamber of commerce themselves want to change." Seeing that no one spoke, Wei Bao continued.

Another dazzling splendor at the end of the Ming Dynasty was the almost giant city.

Thanks to the "budding capitalism" of the Ming Dynasty, the urban population of the Ming Dynasty swelled dramatically, and urban life was extremely lively, and the population of large cities such as Beijing and Nanjing had already exceeded one million. The city life with thousands of charms has aroused the envy of many descendants. But in the historical materials of the Ming Dynasty at that time, the cities of the Ming Dynasty also attracted enough complaints: the big return is big, but there are many problems.

In the Ming Dynasty historical material "Five Miscellaneous Works", it is recorded that the "super city" Beijing City slots, once in many Chinese and foreign historical records, Beijing City, which has a clean and hygienic city, has a clean and hygienic Beijing City, but the sanitary conditions in the late Ming Dynasty have been so bad that "the market is filthy". Especially in the summer, after a rainy day, flies and mosquitoes fly around the streets. As a result, malaria and other diseases in Beijing are repeatedly banned every summer.

The daily festival is still like this, and when the plague swept by the end of the Ming Dynasty, how could this Beijing city be able to bear it?

Why did it come to this? The same can be referred to the Wanli Emperor's more than 30 years of neglect of government, the country's armament and national defense administration, everything is suspended, there is a serious shortage of officials at all levels, and the seemingly simple urban health management, how can anyone take care of it? This is still the case at the feet of the Son of Heaven, and the Ming Dynasty can be imagined everywhere. The small details are enough to witness the paralysis of administrative efficiency in the late Ming Dynasty.

Beneath the façade of prosperity is a corrupt and inefficient dynasty that has become a scattered mess. In the face of the immediate national risks, there is naturally a lack of resistance.

"These things, as long as they are upright and have good popularity, everyone is willing to listen to him, and such a person will be the president, the key is for everyone to buy it and gather people's hearts." Wei Bao laughed.

Everyone said yes, and they all said that Wu Sanfu was an extremely suitable candidate.

In fact, all the big families also prefer Wu Sanfu to be the president, rather than the scheming Wu Xiang as the president.

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