Chapter 382: The Hungarian Revolution
Edel picked up the telegram, and was pleasantly surprised by its contents. Yes, this is a surprise, the telegram says that there has been a revolution in Hungary and that Soviet power has been established. Eder looked at the telegram from Hungary and could only say God help me.
In this telegram, the course of the Hungarian revolution is described in detail.
The four-year war brought great disasters to the Hungarian people. The Hungarian ruling class organized 3.5 million troops to fight in the war, with an average of one in every six people in the country, of whom 661,000 were killed and 734,000 were captured.
The level of production was significantly lower than before the war, for example, in 1918 the agricultural harvest was only 60% of the pre-war level. Workers' wages also fell, with steelworkers' wages falling by 52% compared to before the war.
Commodities are in extreme scarcity and food supplies are very difficult. For example, in January 1918, in the big cities, 100 grams of bread per adult per day was required, but in June this ration was reduced to 82 grams, and it was often not available. In small cities, there is simply no rationing, and the masses of people are hungry and cold, struggling on the line of death.
The populace is gathering in dissatisfaction in this situation. On November 25, 1917, a 100,000-strong march broke out in Budapest. Ignoring the government's ban, people held a rally in the city square, where they chanted the slogan: "Down with the war!" We want peace!"
However, at that time, the Austro-Hungarian government used gentle means to suppress the will of the people.
However, during this march, the far-left socialists Otto Corvin, Sharaj Imre and others established contact with the leftists of the openly active Hungarian Social Democratic Party (founded in 1890) and others such as Landreel. They propagated its ideas in the mines, enterprises, trade unions, and among soldiers at the front and rear, and with good results.
Then, in January 1918 and June 1918, two strikes broke out in succession, and each one was larger and larger.
In July, the Hungarian government, represented by Tiza, could no longer hold out in the face of a succession of national independence movements that broke out in various places. He had no choice but to step down in the face of turbulent waves and popular resentment. A coalition government was formed in Budapest with the Independence Party and the Social Democratic Party in '48.
However, the new government has not been able to address major issues, such as the land issue, equal rights for ethnic minorities and democratic reforms. This could not be counteracted by the resentment of the people, and Lenin, who was busy with the civil war, saw the direction of the transfer of pressure, and he put back the Hungarian Communist Party led by Béla Kuhn and others, and gave it a batch of funds to let him go to the cause of the Hungarian revolution.
And in September 1918, Béla Kuhn returned to Hungary with a group of communists who had participated in the Russian Revolution from Soviet Russia.
The Kuhn Béla, who Lenin had high hopes for, was also a remarkable figure. He was born in Transylvania and graduated from the Faculty of Law of the University of Kolozhvar. Worked as a journalist. In 1902 he joined the Hungarian Social Democratic Party.
After the outbreak of the war, he was drafted into the army, captured in Russia in 1916, and joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party in 1917. In March 1918, he founded the Hungarian Communist Group, which was directly under the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party, and served as its leader. From his experience, it can be seen that he is a person who is good at seizing opportunities.
As soon as Béla Kuhn returned to Hungary, he formed the Hungarian Communist Party with a section of left-wing Social Democrats, socialists, and prisoners of war who had returned from Russia.
Béla Kuhn, who had spent time in Russia and had personally participated in the revolution, knew the importance of propaganda, so within a month he founded the Red Newspaper. He vigorously advocated Leninism and the Russian Revolution, and advocated the distribution of land to the poor in Hungary and the increase in wages of the workers.
Therefore, under its instigation, the Hungarian Communist Party developed rapidly, and within a month it developed from a small organization with no name to a large political party in the country. In the years that followed, the Hungarian Communist Party snowballed.
Béla Kuhn, on the other hand, used this time to form her own armed Red Guards in an attempt to seize power.
Not only that, but he also received strong support from Russia, and Hungarian soldiers who were captured by the Russian army during the Great War. These Hungarian soldiers, who had been trained by Russia and fought against the Russian Provisional Government Army, numbered as many as 100,000 in the Russian Civil War. Under Lenin's orders, more than half of them returned to Hungary by various means and joined the armed forces of the Hungarian Communist Party.
This made Bella Kuhn even more emboldened, and he clashed with the government many times in succession.
For example, on December 25, 1918, in Kechikmet, the cavalry under the influence of the Communists occupied the barracks and disarmed the officers. On the 26th, in Budapest, there were bloody clashes between workers and the armed government police, with a number of casualties. On the 31st, in the largest barracks in Budapest, there was another bloody clash between Communist-influenced troops and those loyal to the government.
By late January 1919, armed conflicts were becoming more frequent in Budapest and in the provinces. In order to strengthen its control over the army, the government ordered the disarmament of soldiers under the influence of the Communist Party. By this time, however, it was too late, and the Communist Party had already grown so big that the government's attempt failed.
At this time, Béla Kuhn saw that the opportunity to seize power had come and launched an armed uprising on February 28. The Red Guards to which he belonged, together with the soldiers under its influence, took advantage of the weapons in their hands and first occupied the fort on Mount Guelel and condescendingly controlled the center of the capital.
They then disarmed the gendarmes and police, and quickly occupied strategic posts, stations, bridges, post and telecommunications offices, and government ministries throughout Budapest.
The insurgents also surrounded two regiments of French Moroccan troops stationed in Budapest, immobilizing them in their barracks. That's how the Hungarian Communist Party seized Budapest.
And Eder saw that this telegram had been sent back by Romanian intelligence in Hungary.
Edel looked at the telegram, but his heart was concerned about the reaction of the Entente. What if they insist on intervening on their own?
After thinking for a long time, Eder said to the guards: "Call Admiral Pletsan over, there is something important to do." ”
Looking at the departing attendants, Edel couldn't help but laugh as he thought about the disarmament report he had made some time ago. Presumably Prijsan will be furious at the actions of the Hungarians.
But what benefits should Romania get from this this time?
Eder looked back and forth on the map along the Tisza River, and simply asked the Entente to confirm that the territory belonged to Romania. Eder was still a little worried about the delay in negotiating the demarcation of Hungarian territory.