Liu Hong didn't toss less.

After the end of the first party disaster in the first year of Yongkang (167), in the second year of Jianning (169), Zhang Jian, the governor of Shanyang County, impeached Hou Lan, a regular attendant, for his extravagance and disturbance of the people when he returned to his hometown to sweep his mother's grave, and demolished Hou Lan's house and even his ancestral tomb.

Therefore, he angered Hou Lan and instructed his fellow villager Zhu He to write a letter to impeach Zhang Jian and other 24 famous people in Shanyang for forming a party and plotting against him.

After Emperor Ling saw the concert, he asked Cao Jie, who took advantage of the topic to explain that the party members endangered the society and asked to expand it to the whole country to eliminate the party members, and Emperor Ling allowed the performance.

In the end, this political catastrophe caused a large number of scholars to flee, and 600 to 700 people were persecuted to death.

It is known in history as the "Second Disaster of the Party".

…… ……

In the fifth year of Xiping (176 AD), Yongchang Taishou Cao Luan wrote a letter to avenge the grievances of the party members and asked the court to rehabilitate them.

Enraged, Emperor Ling tortured Cao Luan to death in prison and imprisoned the party members and their relatives and friends on a larger scale.

In the second year of Guanghe (179), at the suggestion of He Hai, the magistrate of Shanglu County, Emperor Ling ordered that the relatives of the party members "from their grandfather" onwards would not be implicated by them.

In the seventh year of Guanghe (184 AD), the Yellow Turban Rebellion broke out, and Lu Qiang, a member of the Zhongchang Guard, thought that if he did not dissolve the party, he might force the party to collude with the Yellow Turban Army, so Emperor Ling announced the lifting of the party.

…… ……

During the reign of Emperor Ling, the imperial power was weakened.

Emperor Ling's reign of 20 years was the longest reign of eunuchs in the history of the Han Dynasty. The establishment of eunuchs is dazzling, and they have increased in the era of Emperor Ling, and Emperor Ling has broken through the regular system, and canonized twelve permanent servants at one time, known as "ten permanent servants" in history.

In the second year of Jianning (169), when the eunuch Cao Jie was seriously ill, Emperor Ling took him as the general of the chariot cavalry, and after his death, he was posthumously presented as the general of the chariot cavalry; In the first year of Zhongping (184), Zhao Zhong, a regular servant of Zhongchang, was appointed as the general of the chariot cavalry, responsible for rewarding the generals who crusaded against the Yellow Turbans.

In the early days of Emperor Ling's reign, Wang Fu and Cao Jie were deeply trusted by Liu Hong, and later Wang Fu was killed by Si Lixiao Wei Yangqiu, Cao Jie also died, Zhang Rang and Zhao Zhong became the eunuchs favored by Emperor Ling, and Emperor Ling even compared the two to his parents, which shows the dependence on eunuchs.

The mansions built by the eunuchs in Luoyang were very tall, and once, Emperor Ling went to Yong'an to wait for the platform to climb up to see Luoyang City. The eunuchs asked the people of Zhongda Shang Dan to advise, "The Son of Heaven is not suitable for climbing, and if he ascends, the people will be scattered." ”

Emperor Ling actually listened to it and gave up.

As a result, Daewoo, a high-rise mansion built by the eunuchs, escaped the emperor's eyes.

…… ……

In the first year of Guanghe (178), Emperor Ling, instigated by his mother Empress Dowager Dong and his attendants, tried to sell his official position again.

The imperial court publicly announced that it could spend money to buy positions in departments such as Huben and Yulin under Guangluxun from the Marquis of Guan Nei to Guangluxun; The rules for selling officials are: the price of a magistrate is twice as high as that of a court official, and the price of a county official is different; Officials must also be promoted according to the price.

The person seeking the position can evaluate the bid, and the person with the highest bid will win the bid.

In addition to the fixed price, it can also be increased or decreased at any time according to the value of the seeker and the property he owns.

Generally speaking, the price of an official position is calculated based on the annual salary of an official, for example, the price of an official position of 2,000 stone per year is 20 million yuan, and the price of an official position of 400 stone is 4 million yuan, that is to say, the price of an official position is 10,000 times the annual income of an official.

段颎 (jiǒ

g), although Zhang Wen and others have great merit and high prestige, they all paid enough money before ascending to the public position.

Later, when an official was transferred, promoted, or a new official took office, he had to pay one-third or one-quarter of the price of his official position, that is, an official had to pay the equivalent of his legal income for more than 25 years before taking office.

Many officials were so frightened that they could not pay such a high "official fee" and left their official positions.

When Emperor Ling became an adult, he set up the West Garden for his own enjoyment, and Emperor Ling used the income from the sale of officials for the construction of the West Garden.

Lu Qiang, a regular servant in the middle, admonished, "The property in the world belongs to His Majesty, why bother to divide public and private?" ”

Emperor Ling didn't listen.

The policy of selling officials continued until the death of Emperor Ling.

…… ……

In the fifth year of Zhongping (188), Emperor Ling accepted the suggestion of Liu Yan of Taichang and reset the state pastor, which was known as "abolishing Shi Limu" in history.

Liu Yan is the pastor of Yizhou and Huang Wan is the pastor of Yuzhou; In the same year, Zongzheng Liu Yu was the pastor of Youzhou.

As a result, warlords were formed in various places, and after the governors, including Liu Yan, took office, they were basically no longer under the control of the imperial court.

In August of the fifth year of Zhongping (188), Emperor Ling set up the eight captains of the West Garden, with the small yellow door (jiǎ).

Shuo is the commander, so as to restrain the military power of the great general He Jin.

In the sixth year of Xiping (177), Xia Yushangshu, the captain of Huwuhuan, asked for a crusade against Xianbei, and Tian Yan, the captain of Huqiang who was punished for his crimes, asked Tian Yan (ya

Through the Zhongchang servant Wang Fu's request to order him to atone for the general to defeat Xianbei, Wang Fu also agreed to the crusade.

In August of the same year, Emperor Ling sent Xia Yu to lead an army out of Gaoliu County, and Tian Yan led an army out of Yunzhong County

He led the Southern Xiongnu Tu Teruo corpse to go out of Yanmen County, and each led more than 10,000 cavalry to attack more than 2,000 miles outside the fortress.

Xianbei leader Tan Shihuai ordered his subordinates to lead the three adults to meet the attack, Xia Yu and others were defeated, discarded their own rune seals and baggage, each led dozens of people to flee back, was requisitioned back to prison by the prisoner car, and was deposed as a concubine after redemption.

…… ……

In March of the fourth year of Xiping (175), Emperor Ling was based on the previous Yang Ci and Cai Yong (yō

g), Ma Riyan (dī), Li Xun and others, issued an edict ordering Confucian masters to correct the text of the Five Classics, and ordered Cai Yong to write in three fonts: ancient Chinese, big seal, and official script, and engraved it on the stone tablet and erected it outside the Taixue Gate, so that the later generations of Confucianism took this as the standard.

When the stele was first erected, more than 1,000 cars filled the streets and alleys every day when they came to watch, copy and copy.

The inscription of the Xiping Stone Classic provided a model for the scholars of Confucian classics, and created a precedent for the Chinese Stone Scripture in the past dynasties, inspired the invention of the hammering method, and also had an indirect impact on the invention of printing.

…… ……

In the first year of Guanghe (178), Emperor Ling set up the Hongdu Gate School and hung the portraits of Confucius and his seventy-two disciples in it. In this school, it is not the study of Confucian classics, but the discussion of subjects that interest Emperor Lingdi, such as Cifu and calligraphy.

Emperor Ling reused the students from Hongdu Sect and let them serve as official positions such as Assassin History, Shangshu, Waiters, and even Marquis.

Confucian scholars who were too learned often despised these people and refused to be with them.

Hongdu Gate School was very prosperous for a while, with as many as 1,000 students, but it did not last long. One was due to the fierce attack of the Shi clan, and the other was due to the Yellow Turban Rebellion, which ended with the decline of the Han Dynasty.

Hongdu Gate School is not only the earliest junior college in China, but also the earliest literary and artistic college in the world.

In the Han Dynasty, which "respected Confucianism alone", it was a great contribution to education to change the old concept of Confucian classics as the only educational content and advocate the study of literature and art.

It enrolls the children of the common people into the school, breaks through the monopoly of the aristocracy and the landlord class on the school, and gives the common people the opportunity to display their talents, which is also of progressive significance.

The emergence of Hongdu Gate School opened the way for the imperial examinations and the establishment of various specialized schools in the later period, especially in the Tang Dynasty.