Among the generals of the Three Kingdoms, the sixteenth is Pang De.

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Pound (?) —219), the character Lingming, Nan'an County 狟 (huá

Dao County (now Simen Town, Wushan County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province), was originally a military general under Ma Teng, and repeatedly made military exploits in the process of fighting with Ma Teng, and won the three armies.

After Ma Teng was recruited by Cao Cao as a guard lieutenant, Pang De belonged to Ma Chao.

After Ma Chao's defeat, Pang De joined Zhang Lu in Hanzhong, and then Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei, Pang De remained under Zhang Lu, and after Cao Cao pacified Hanzhong, Pang De joined Cao Cao.

During the battle of Xiangfan, Pang De led the army to support Cao Ren of Fancheng, and in the battle with Guan Yu, an arrow hit Guan Yu's forehead, and then was overflowed by the Han River, and Pang De and Yu Bandu were all wiped out.

After the defeat and capture, Pang De vowed not to surrender and was killed by Guan Yu. was posthumously named a strong marquis.

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Pound was a county clerk and a state clerk as a teenager. During the Chuping period (190-193 AD), Pang De attacked the rebellious Qiang, Di and other foreign tribes from Ma Teng, and several of them had military exploits and moved to the school captain.

Cao Cao attacked Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang in Liyang, and Yuan Shang sent Guo Yuan and Gao Gan to take Hedong, and Cao Cao made Zhong Xiang (yáo) lead the generals in Guanzhong to defeat them.

Pang De followed Ma Teng's son Ma Chao to defend against Guo Yuan and Gao Gan in Pingyang, and Pang De served as the vanguard, attacked Guo Yuan and Gao Gan, won a complete victory, and personally beheaded Guo Yuan.

According to the record of "Wei Luo", Pound De personally cut off a head, but he didn't know that this was Guo Yuan. After the end of the war, everyone said that Guo Yuan was dead and could not get his head. However, Pound took out a head from the bow pouch later in the evening, and since Guo Yuan was Zhong Xuan's nephew, Zhong Xiang cried when he saw his head (here, I can't help but shudder, war distorts people to such an extent!). ）。

Pang De apologized to Zhong Xuan, and Zhong Xuan said, "Although Guo Yuan is my nephew, he has always been a national thief. Why should Qing make amends? ”

Because of this exploit, Pang De was worshiped as a Zhonglang general and was named the Marquis of the Pavilion. Later, Zhang Bai rode to rebel against Hongnong, and Pang Defu went to the expedition with Ma Teng, and broke the rebels between the east and west mountains.

In every battle, Pound often fell into battle against the enemy, and his courage and courage overtook Ma Teng's army. Later, Ma Teng served as a guard lieutenant, and Pang De stayed under Ma Chao.

Cao Cao broke Ma Chao in the seventeenth year of Jian'an (212), Han Sui was in Weinan, and Pang De fled with Ma Chao to Hanyang and defend Jicheng. Pang De defected to Hanzhong with Ma Chao in the nineteenth year of Jian'an (214) and was subordinate to Zhang Lu. In the twentieth year of Jian'an (215), Cao Cao pacified Hanzhong, and Pang De surrendered with the crowd.

Cao Cao had always heard that Pang De was brave and good at fighting, so he worshiped Pang De as the righteous general, and was named the Marquis of Guanmen Pavilion, with 300 households.

Cao Cao gave Ma Chao's wife Dong to Yan Pu, and handed over Ma Chao's son Ma Qiu to Zhang Lu for disposal, and Zhang Lu, who was betrayed by Ma Chao, hated Ma Chao to the core, so Zhang Lu killed Ma Chao's son Ma Qiu.

There is a concubine, Zhang Lu also wants to kill her, but he was blocked by Pang De and collected it for use, whether Pang De saved the life of the concubine in danger, or whether he had been infected before, it is unknown.

There is a possibility that there has been a dye before; There is also the possibility of rescue.

Later, this little concubine did not know what to do. However, a few years after Pound was killed by Guan Yu, every time he died, there was always a woman who came to his grave to worship, and some people said that it was the concubine of Ma Chao who was saved by Pound.

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In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Hou Yin, Wei Kai and others rebelled in Wancheng, Pang De led the army and Cao Ren to attack Wancheng, beheaded Hou Yin and Wei Kai, and stationed in Fancheng to the south to fight Guan Yu.

The generals of Fancheng thought that Pang De's brother Pang Rou was in Hanzhong and was quite suspicious of Pang De. Pound often said, "I have received the grace of the country, and righteousness is in the service of death." I want to hit Guan Yu myself. If I do not kill him this year, he will kill me. ”

Later, Pound fought with Guan Yu and shot Guan Yu in the forehead with an arrow.

At that time, Pang De often rode on a white horse, and Guan Yujun was known as the white horse general, and he was very jealous of him.

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Cao Ren asked Pang De to camp ten miles north of Fancheng.

It was raining for more than ten days, the Han River overflowed, and the water under Fancheng was five or six zhang deep, so Pang De and the generals avoided the water embankment.

Guan Yu took the opportunity to attack Pang Dejun by boat, and fired arrows from all sides of the big ship at the embankment.

Pound was armoured with a bow, and the arrows were not in vain.

General Dong Heng, general Dong Chao and others wanted to surrender Guan Yu, but they were all beheaded by Pang De.

Pang De fought from Pingdan to the middle of the day, Guan Yu's offensive became more and more urgent, his arrows were exhausted, and the two sides engaged in a short battle. Pound said to the governor Cheng He, "I heard that good generals are not afraid of death, they do not steal their lives, and martyrs do not destroy the festival to survive." Today is the day I die! ”

So he fought angrily and fiercely, and his spirit became stronger, but the flooding was too strong, and the Wei soldiers surrendered. Pang De and his subordinates, one of them, and Wu Bo, collected bows and arrows, and took a small boat to return to Cao Ren's base camp.

However, the storm was too strong, the boat was sunk, the bow and arrow were lost, and Pang De held the boat alone and covered the water, which was captured by Guan Yu, and was driven back to Guan Yu's camp without kneeling.

Guan Yu said, "My brother is in Hanzhong, and Ben Shuai also wants to ask him to be a general, why don't you surrender quickly?" ”

Pang De scolded Guan Yu and said, "You shaft, what kind of!" The King of Wei has millions of soldiers, powerful and invincible. What kind of thing are you Liu Bei? It's just a mediocre talent, where is our opponent of King Wei! I, Pound, would rather be a thief's ghost than a thief's general! ”

As a result, Pang De was killed by Guan Yu. Cao Cao was very sad when he heard about this, and he wept for it, and named his second son as a liege.

In the first year of Yankang (221), Cao Cao died, and Cao Pi took the throne and sent an envoy to the tomb of Pang De to send a nickname. The edict said, "In the past, the ancestors sacrificed their lives for the country, and the kings died on hunger strikes and died of martyrdom, and the previous generations praised them." Pound was resolute and resolute, and he went to the difficult to make a name, and people praised him at that time, and his righteousness was very noble at that time, and the widow remembered him and gave him the nickname of Zhuanghou. ”

He also gave his son Pang Hui and four others the title of Marquis of Guannei, each with a hundred households.

In the fourth year of Zhengshi (243 years), the righteous general Pang De was enshrined in the temple court of Wei Taizu.

In 263 AD, Pang De's son Pang Hui accompanied Zhong Hui and Deng Ai to crusade against Shu Han. After Shu Po, he found Guan Yu's descendants and killed them all, and avenged Guan Yu for killing his father.

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Qianlong's "Longxi County Chronicles • Gleanings" recorded, "The Temple of General Baima, old on the top of Chishan in the east of the city, the general is Li Guang of the Han Dynasty, and all witches must worship it, and children with diseases pray for the examination, and pray for rain kicking [dǎo]. The county chronicler quoted folk sayings that the temple was dedicated to Li Guang, but they did not affirm it.

After repeated consideration, it is believed that the temple should be dedicated to the Marquis Zhuangde, for three reasons: first, Li Guang is a famous general of the Western Han Dynasty, known as the "flying general" in history, and there has never been a record of him "riding a white horse" or having the title of "white horse general". Second, there is only one place called "General White Horse Temple" by the people of this county, and there is only one person who has won this number since ancient times and today, and there is no other choice. Third, the red mountain is now the red mountain, it is the boundary mountain of Cao Wei Nan'an County and Longxi County in that year, the ancient red pavilion is under the mountain, climb high and overlook, more than 10 miles south of Wangjia Xinzhuang is the Nan'an County Zhiqi Road City.

This is the starting point for Pang De to serve as a "county official" and embark on a military journey. After he was loyal, he was highly praised by Chaoyan, and his hometown was huá

Dao County should also have a special shrine to commemorate, and the Hongshantou Ancestral Hall is named after the "White Horse General", which is a sign that the local government and the people will never forget their admiration.

Due to the long time, the memory of the common people is wrong, or due to the influence of the orthodox concept of respecting Liu and degrading Cao in the feudal era, the main god of the temple has been replaced, and the evolution of the temple to worship Li Guang has occurred.

Most of Wushan County, a close neighbor of Longxi, belonged to the 獂 (huá) during the Han and Wei dynasties

Provincial jurisdiction. According to the records of Wushan County, there is a tomb of Pang De in Xinzhuang Village, Simen Township, and there are tombstones, as well as relics such as Pang Family Garden and Pang De Shangma Stone. In April 2000, Simen Township re-erected the "Pang De's Hometown" monument next to the Luoli Highway in the village.