Chapter 436: Imperial Merchant
The era name of Jingkang stayed forever at three years.
With Zhao Huan Chan Rang, he was deposed as the king of Yue, and Zhao Gou, who had passed more than two years, officially became the emperor of the Zhao Song Dynasty, the largest economic power in the world today.
A seismic change unfolded in the territory of the Zhao and Song dynasties at the same time.
Because the bottom of the pot was not completely penetrated, there were too many 'remnants of the previous dynasty' left behind by the imperial court and the people, and in the second half of the year, Zhao Gou, who sat on the throne, could clearly feel the resistance encountered in the implementation of the new policy.
Although many of the new policies are still pilots.
But just the appearance of the Governor's Mansion of the Five Armies caused the literati to boil. That is, Zhao Gou still holds the newspaper in his hand, otherwise the resistance and opposition he will face will not be smaller than when Yonglaosi was divided into the mu and the officials and gentry were on an errand and paid for food.
As for the establishment of the martial arts hall and the martial arts academy, as well as the improvement of martial arts, it has caused an uproar in the world.
The people of the Central Plains have been fooled by the people of Huanghuang Zhao and Song for more than 100 years, and the idea of "those who sing with champions outside the Donghua Gate are good" has penetrated into the hearts of everyone. How can this change overnight?
Zhao Gou is now building a system, and then filling in with facts little by little, to reverse the "noble and lowly" in the hearts of the people of the world!
However, with the establishment of the new emperor, the commerce of the Zhao and Song dynasties suddenly became more developed, and this major reason was the emergence of imperial merchants.
Historically, after the Qing court entered the customs, Emperor Shunzhi held a banquet in the Forbidden City to entertain the eight Jin merchant families who had made great contributions to the Manchu Dynasty's entry into the Central Plains.
In the previous dynasties, the word 'imperial merchant' had never been asked.
Zhao Gou has now also established the Internal Affairs Office, and its subordinate institutions are inevitably very different from the Manchu Internal Affairs Office, and from the perspective of responsibilities, there are certain similarities and great differences from the Manchu Internal Affairs Office.
For example, the royal diet, clothing, storage, etiquette, and engineering, there were regulations earlier, and Zhao Gou would not change them. In fact, he set up this internal affairs office for two major purposes, one is to mine and the other is to do business.
Mining is to dig the gold and silver mines of the little devils, which is a good thing close at hand, given by God, no one in the Central Plains dynasties took it, and in the end it was to blame, so it is no wonder that others.
Zhao Gou would not make such a mistake.
He still has more than seven years left in this world, and there is time to make up for this mistake.
The name of the earth-shattering thunder resounded in all directions, with this big killer weapon in hand, who would dare to underestimate Zhao Song? Don't look at the party and the Jurchens, and even the Goryeo, when Zhao Gou ascended the throne, they obediently sent envoys to congratulate them.
For more than seven years, he had enough energy to destroy these countries.
And doing business is to invigorate business and prosper the economy.
At present, the commercial groups under the Ministry of Internal Affairs are roughly divided into five, one of which is the foreign trade group, which directly takes goods from the shipping department for sale. It's a good deal.
Maritime Silk Road, how many young people in later generations do not know? There are things that can be written in history textbooks.
At present, Guangzhou in Lingnan is the largest port of China's foreign trade. Since the time of the Tang Dynasty, Guangzhou has gathered countless merchants from all over the world. Even the merchants who lived in Guangzhou once gathered a crowd to rebel and seize the city of Guangzhou. In the first year of Su Zongqian's reign (758), Guangzhou reported to the imperial court, saying: "Da Shi and Persia besieged the city, and the assassin Swayley saw that he had passed the city and left, and the soldiers of the two countries plundered the warehouse, burned the house, and floated away in the sea.
In fact, it was a rebellion by maritime merchants with a large number of private armed forces.
From the heavens to China, there are no laws on the vast seas, and every merchant ship is equipped with a large number of swords, guns and arrows. The maritime merchants are all part-time pirates.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, when Huangchao captured Guangzhou, he killed all the merchants and strangers in Guangzhou. and it is written, 120,000 or 200,000.
It can be seen that there were many merchants in Guangzhou at that time.
The Song Dynasty sea trade was also very developed, and there were many merchants gathering there, and the Song Dynasty even set up a special workshop. Just like Pu Shougeng, a descendant of Tianfang who slaughtered more than 3,000 sons of the Southern Song dynasty and more than 2,000 Huai soldiers in Quanzhou in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty, his family now lives in Guangzhou.
However, the Song Dynasty's Sino-foreign trade was all controlled by the government. How could Zhao Song, who squeezed all the people of his country and had not a drop of oil and water left, let go of the big fat of foreign trade?
Don't look at the fact that they set up a fanfang, and they take the fanfang merchants as their heads, as if they treat the fanfangs preferentially. But in reality?
The Song Dynasty first set up a city shipping department in Guangzhou, and with the development of overseas trade, it successively set up a city shipping department in Hangzhou, Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang), Quanzhou, and Mizhou (now Jiaozhou, Qingdao). Implement the policy of random purchase of foreign merchants.
And what is Lottery Bomai? That would be tantamount to a tax in kind and a unified purchase.
In the second year of Song Taizong's Chunhua (991), the tax rate was "two cents", that is, 20%, which is really too high. After the alliance of Tanyuan, the imperial court no longer fought with the Liao State, and the military expenditure was greatly reduced, so it was changed to "one of the ten first expeditions". However, there are some special cargoes.
For example, spices, such as rhinos, are scored two points out of ten, and tortoiseshell and sumufan coarse colors are scored three points.
In addition to the proportional extraction, the city also procures some goods, called "Bomai". This kind of goods is usually the goods used by the royal family or the nobles in Beijing to consume a lot of goods, and the most common is spices.
The merchants introduced ten points of goods, and they were afraid that there were not enough points to be able to buy and sell freely.
After Zhao Song got a large number of imported goods, they were first used for the royal family's consumption and rewards, and the rest of the materials were sold for cash, making a huge profit.
As for Huizong, after he came to power, the official system was corrupted, the officialdom was corrupt, and the corruption of the city department will only become more serious.
Now that Zhao Gou has come to power, everything has changed a lot, first of all, the number of Bomai has been greatly reduced, which is equivalent to giving the merchants the opportunity to untie and loosen the rope and give them the opportunity to buy and sell freely.
Therefore, they don't care about the banning fanfang, fanchang, and missionary rights at all. As long as there is interest, does faith really matter?
At present, there is a clear provision in the city that all imported luxury jewelry, such as rare jewelry, ivory coral, etc., will be one out of ten; Other precious items, such as gold and silver wares, and spices of all kinds, are all taken out of 15. General goods, 1 out of 20. An additional tax will be levied, one out of thirty.
In a sense, this tax rate is much lower than before. Because of the significant decrease in the amount of Bo bought by the imperial court, the profits of the merchants have risen sharply. Think about the virtue of the government, will the price be very high when Bo buys?
But Fanshang was happy and painful at the same time, because Zhao Gou had to cut one less knife here, and he would have to cut two more knives there. The current Zhao Song, not to mention that you have to pay taxes when you sell, you have to pay taxes when you buy.
However, the amount varies.
For example, the best porcelain, silk, lacquerware, medicinal herbs, tea, etc., are one out of ten. Ordinary overseas porcelain, silk, cloth and other bulk goods can be taken from 20.
This is the flesh of the merchants, but they have to endure it. Because even so, when they ship the goods back to heaven, it is still very profitable.
The foreign trade group under the Ministry of Internal Affairs is in control of the goods Bobo, and the profits are naturally gratifying.
The second is glass. Whether you make money in glass products in China is something you don't need to think about to know.
The third is cotton spinning and wool spinning. The seeds of cotton have been gathered a lot, one side is from the Western Regions, and the other part is from the Indochina Peninsula. With cotton, there is cotton spinning, and the price of cotton cloth in the market is far higher than that of linen and general silk fabrics.
As for wool spinning, Zhao Song's wool textile industry was mainly concentrated in Guanzhong Road and Hedong Road, mainly producing products such as felt blankets and brown cloth belts. Hedong Road uses camel hair as raw material to weave "camel hair duanzi" and "camel hair brown cloth", and the lichen used in the Northern Song Dynasty - carpet is also provided by Hedong.
Zhao Gou now hopes that the wool spinning of the two places will move closer to the wool and cashmere weaving.
The preparatory work in advance has already been done when Zong Ze was on Hedong Road.
The fourth is the sea trade, the sea trade from Zhao Song to overseas. This is a business that can be launched as long as you have capital, and Zhao Song's merchant ships have already sailed to the Tianfang Peninsula and even Africa.
The fifth is the bank.
Zhao Gou's ascension to the throne was accompanied by the issuance of national bonds, and naturally there were banks.
However, this bank is different from the other banks of later generations, it is now more like the money bank in the Qing Dynasty, which is used for storage and exchange. But this is obviously a start, and by the time we get next year, things like silver tickets will definitely appear.
The emergence of the imperial merchant class is really a shot in the arm for the merchants. And when many businessmen found that all those who were called into the imperial merchants had a civil lord with a high position, the 'civil lord' naturally followed the fire. Instead, he asked the household department to follow and made a fortune!