An eight-treasure glass lamp with brass as the lamp base was polished to a crystal clear, exuding a lovely light on the small table of the Luohan bed. There are several kinds of dried and fresh fruits listed on the handrails made of Huanghuali in the best Qiongzhou Mansion, and a few little eunuchs are waiting in front of Luohan's bed.

Through this light, Wang Dehua looked at the godson who was kneeling on the right side of Luohan's bed opposite, and showed a somewhat weird smile on his face, "Good son, hurry up!" ”

The little eunuch coped with a smile on his face: "Godfather, wait a minute, it will be fine soon!" ”

As he spoke, he didn't dare to slack off in his hands. Rub the black paste on your hand into small balls, pick one up with a thin copper wire, and put it on the lamp to roast, and after a while, a strange fragrance fills the whole room.

Took a jade-mouthed cigarette gun from the wooden frame on the side, the little eunuch took the burned cigarette bubble from the lamp, looked at it for a while, and it had reached the point of yellow, big and loose, so he carefully put the cigarette bubble into the cigarette gun, turned around and handed the cigarette holder to Wang Dehua, "Godfather, okay, please use it!" ”

took the cigarette gun and took a few puffs greedily, Wang Dehua's face showed an intoxicated and satisfied expression, "Alas! I didn't expect that Uncle Li's third son still had such a ability, and he got this hibiscus from Bengal for the emperor and our family! ”

Yes, Wang Dehua smoked the so-called hibiscus, blessing, longevity, and ointment, which is the opium and flake that we are familiar with.

(Smack!) A brick flew over! In the center of the author's head. "Nonsense again! Opium, the piece is a patent of the Manchu Tartar period, when did I have this thing in the Ming Dynasty?! ”）

("Wronged!") The crow. Although the film is said to have reached unprecedented heights during the Daoguang years, it is not a matter of one generation! It's a long historical process! ”）

In the ruins of a Neolithic house excavated in Switzerland from 4000 BC, archaeologists have found opium and millet seeds and fruits that have been artificially cross-cultivated! By 3400 BC, there had been a large area of artificial cultivation in the valley of the two rivers, and by 2000 BC, opium and flakes had become veterinary and gynecological medicines. In ancient Egyptian tombs dating back to 1500 B.C., there were excavations of the brand Theban opium, tablets!

At least in the fifth century B.C., the ancient Greeks had begun to grow millet with the food of baby millet' the Greeks found it to have a calming spirit! Analgesia! Stop diarrhea! Cough! The effect of forgetting worries, squeezing the juice of the flowers or fruits of baby millet into medicine, Homer's odyssey calls it the medicine of forgetting worries! At the carnival to celebrate the grain harvest, the ancient Greeks drank wine with the juice of the baby millet.

Ancient Greek mythology also tells the story of the infant millet, saying that there was a demon god who ruled over death called Hypnos, and his son Malphesus held the infant millet fruit in his hand, guarding his sleeping father so that he would not be awakened 'The statue of Demeteo, the goddess of grain in the golden age of Athens, held ears of wheat and infant millet in his hands'In the second century BC, the ancient Greek physician Galen recorded the disease that opium and tablets could cure: headache! Dazzling! Deafness! Carbuncle! Stroke! Amblyopia! Bronchitis! Asthma! Cough! Hemoptysis! Bellyache! Jaundice! Sclerosis of the spleen! Kidney stone! Urological diseases! Run a fever! Edema! Leprosy! Irregular menstruation! Depression! Anti-venom and poisonous insect bites, etc. After the Common Era, infant millet was widely cultivated in continental Europe and in the Arab world'!

And in the famous novel of the Count of Monte Cristo, there are also chapters in which the avenger uses opium, tablets and large and hemp.

As for when infant millet was introduced to China, there are different theories. One theory is that when Zhang Yang chiseled through the Western Regions, it was transmitted to China along with green onions, grapes, garlic and other crops. Some people even speculate that the hemp boiling powder used as an anesthetic by Hua Tuo during the Three Kingdoms period contained opium and tablets, but there is no clear evidence to support this statement.

There are also descriptions of the use of this object in the works of many literati.

Unbelief? Let's find a few to see.

In Li Bai's poem: "In the past, it was a hibiscus flower, but now it is a broken intestine grass." How long can you get good things for others? "The broken intestine grass is the infant millet. Guo Zhen's rice sac flower in the Tang Dynasty: "The flowering empty road is better than the grass, how can it help the people?" But he laughed at Noda He and Millet, and didn't hear the strings and pipes of youth. Li Zhenbai, who was also a poet of the Tang Dynasty, described it in his "Song of Infant Corn": "Inverted double Luzi, hoping to insert blue teeth." It is like sacrificing milk, and it is like a bell and a horse. There is a reason for the drums to beat and the waterfall arrows. ”

By the Song Dynasty, this thing gradually changed from ornamental to edible. Baby millet husks are used as a tonic and eaten into fish cakes and Buddha porridge. Fish cake is to wash and grind the baby millet seeds, boil and gather after removing the slag, make small pieces, take out after steaming with red yeast water wine when eating, make small thin pieces of fish scales, this kind of baby corn cake is fish cake. And Buddha porridge is boiled with baby millet seeds and bamboo wine. Su Shi's poem describes the consumption of poppies in the Song Dynasty as follows: "The Taoist advises to drink chicken and su water, and the boy can fry the warbler and millet soup." In Su Zhe's poem on medicine and seedlings, the tonic effect of infant millet is explained in more detail: "Miao can be a spring vegetable, which is really better than autumn grain." "Research milk and cook it as Buddha porridge", "The old man is weak and has little to eat; Eating meat does not disappear, and eating vegetables tastelessly. "Frying with honey water, the mouth and throat are sharpened, the lungs and stomach are nourished", "the ghost sodium monk, relatively forgetful", "drink a cup, laugh and be happy." "And so on. These are all human reactions after the use of opium poppy. However, at this time, people only took the husks of infant millet, and had not yet mastered the ability to stab the venom juice of infant millet to make crows. piece of technology.

But. In the Ming Dynasty, this kind of thing has quietly appeared in people's lives, and Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica mentions this thing. In Guizhou, Yunnan and other places, there are planting and harvesting.

And in the hinterland. Opium and flakes have gradually evolved from eating to smoking.

However, poppy cultivation in Bangladesh was much earlier and larger than in the interior.

Wang Dehua is now swallowing clouds and spitting out fog, it is Li Huaxuan who snatched the smoking utensils and fine tobacco soil obtained by the king of soil from the city of Barisal.

After smoking the two cigarette bubbles, Wang Dehua closed his eyes and enjoyed the fairy-like feeling at that moment, muttering to himself, but as if he was chatting with the eunuchs under his hands, "Our family has been in the palace since childhood, and for so many years, I don't know how many injuries and illnesses I have, and now I have this thing." Our family seems to be alive again! ”

The little eunuch who was waiting next to him picked up a pine nut candy and put it to the prince's mouth, "Godfather, please use it." ”

Chewing candy in his mouth, Wang Dehua felt that the little eunuch got off the Luohan bed lightly, took a blanket to wrap his legs and feet, and asked the eunuch next to him in a low voice, "Is the rock sugar lotus seed white fungus soup that my father-in-law will use in a while?" ”

Anyone who smokes opium and flakes has a sweet tooth after smoking. Wang Dehua is no exception.

While waiting for the sweet soup. Wang Dehua seemed to be in the clouds, and he remembered the situation when the messenger reported the victory two days ago, and he couldn't help but laugh dumbly.

"Duh! This bun of dirt buns! ”

I don't know if he's laughing at that.

That day, I could hear Zhang Ergou talk about the battle on the dock outside Barisar City, and at first everyone couldn't help but hear that their palms were full of sweat. I pinched a cold sweat for this third son. Such a savage and ferocious team. The third prince is in the battle formation for the first time, and he has encountered such an opponent, how is it good?

But to hear such a frantic charge from this group of people. rushed to the front, but he was about to kneel down and surrender, and everyone couldn't help but laugh dumbly.

"Two dogs! You've made up a good joke! It's one of the funniest jokes I've heard this year! "For the second generation who grew up in Nanzhong like Zhang Ergou, Shouhan is generally regarded as a nephew.

"My lord! O conscience of heaven and earth! That was the real situation at that time! ”

It wasn't until he caught a group of captives whose faces and bodies were trampled by his feet and countless marks that he learned the truth from the mouth of the general.

It turned out that at the time of the first round of artillery fire, the group had already collapsed! Immediately some people began to flee, one taking ten with them, and ten with hundred. The entire army of thousands of men was routed.

However, the group of people who fled first ran straight in the direction of the port. But it is they who make the mistake of empiricism. In the past, if someone came to attack the city, if they were defeated, they immediately fled to the docks, looked for a boat on the river, fled to the boat, went down the river, hid for a while, and waited until the chaotic period when the enemy entered the city had passed, and then they quietly returned to the city.

But today, they were blindfolded by the artillery fire, and they fled in the direction of the docks. I forgot that the enemy army in front of me was waiting on the dock.

After listening to this confession, others didn't care, but they were so angry that the group of Fusang mercenaries jumped violently one by one, and their seven holes were smoking. I was scared in vain, not to mention it, and all the expressions were very embarrassing. Moreover, if I knew that the army coming from the opposite side was such a and cowardly, why didn't I rush forward earlier, stab a few to death, and cut off a human head to get a heavy reward!

With a lot of anger, all the samurai of different levels from various famous families in Fuso suddenly broke out into battle after watching Qingbei receive two fine dyed muslin cloths in front of His Royal Highness, and was immediately promoted to the commander of his post.

"It's still the same sentence! If there is resistance, attack the city, and the Fuso soldiers can rest on the spot for three days! "There is such a good thing, this group of poor and frightened devils suddenly shouted non-stop.

The Fusang soldiers rushed in front with great momentum, followed by the three or four thousand local soldiers of Barisal City who had just been captured and surrendered, all of whom used the mountains of jute piled up on the dock to wrap around their arms and legs, and Hua Xuan planned to use them as cannon fodder during the siege.

Seeing the jute on his arms and legs, a soldier blurted out, "This group of yellow-shoe soldiers!" ”

Since then, the cannon fodder team formed by the Nanyue Army in various places to fight and capture or incorporate local armed forces has an alias.

The siege battle proceeded unusually smoothly under the frantic attack of a group of Fuso dead soldiers who were full of anger after being fooled inside, and almost fell in one go.

In addition to a large number of gold, silver, jewelry, silk and satin, etc., there are more than 1,000 catties of high-quality tobacco and extremely exquisite and luxurious smoking utensils enjoyed by the king himself.

These were all handed over by Zhang Ergou.

"Except for some of the gold and silver left in front as a reward for military salaries, the third prince ordered me to bring back all these Ah Furong and give them to the lord. The king of earth confessed that this thing was quite beneficial to people. There are also people in the army who know this thing, saying that it is a healing medicine and a good nourishment. The eye disease of Tang Taizong was cured by Lang Zhong with this blessing, longevity, and ointment. Also, from the Chenghua years. There is this thing in the palace for the use of His Majesty the Emperor. It is said that the Chenghua Lord and Wanli Lord were used in those years. This is also the third son's filial piety to the lord......"

Zhang Ergou was still chattering about the benefits of opium and tablets, but he didn't notice that Shouhan's face became completely different from the people around him.

Others' faces were full of joy and enthusiasm, but Shouhan was frosty and murderous in his eyes.

"Mo Yu! Get out of here! ”

Mo Yu, who resembled the head of the Guards, hurriedly ran in from the door, and before he could finish his military salute to Shouhan, Shouhan had already thrown his sword off the table and threw it into his arms.

"There you go! Go now! Go to Barisar City and give me Li Huaxuan, that little thief, and correct the law in front of the army on the spot! Make no mistake! ”

Seeing that Li Shouhan was suddenly furious, and he wanted to correct the law in front of his son's army, who had made military exploits thousands of miles away, everyone present was at a loss for a while. Li Peilin stepped forward to convince him. On the one hand, he ordered Mo Yu to retreat first. secretly glanced at him, and ordered him to go to the back house to send a letter to Yan Mei'er and others, and asked his wife to come over and plead for the third son.

Wang Dehua also didn't know why this Ning Yuanbo suddenly became angry and wanted to behead his son? In his mouth, he and Li Peilin persuaded Shouhan without a word. Those who knock on the side should inquire about the true purpose of guarding the Han.

But where did they know Shouhan's true thoughts at this time?

Crow. Pieces of this kind of thing. Before the British secretly took tea away from China and successfully planted it in India, in order to eliminate the large trade deficit with China. Evil methods of smuggling opium and chips were adopted.

Although in the Ming Dynasty, some people began to use opium and tablets as medicine, and also began to smoke them, becoming a hedonistic luxury, from decoction to smoking cigarettes, so that opium and tablets became drugs, and gradually popularized from a small number of upper-class people to the general public. It was under the deliberate impetus of the Western colonizers that almost wiped out the Chinese nation.

The method of smoking opium was introduced to China by foreign countries. One theory is that the method of smoking opium and flakes was first invented by the locals in Southeast Asia, who cooked the extracted opium and flake juice, filtered out the residue, and mixed it with tobacco into pills, or only used cooked opium and flakes to make pills, put them in a bamboo tube and smoke them. However, tobacco native to the Americas and the smoking customs of the Indians were brought to Southeast Asia by the Spaniards, while opium and flakes were most likely brought by the Portuguese and Dutch at the earliest, and it is also possible that the method of mixing tobacco with tobacco was also brought to Southeast Asia by Europeans.

The authorities of the Dutch East India Company in Batavia also banned the Dutch from smoking opium and chips, but only the Dutch, not the local Javanese.

At the same time that the Dutch introduced opium and chips to Southeast Asia, they also spread to Taiwan. It may also be that Chinese traders and immigrants who came to Southeast Asia to trade at that time brought back opium, flakes and smoking methods. Huang Shulin's 5 envoys recorded as follows, "Opium, a piece of smoke with Ma Ge and opium, on the piece, cut shreds in the copper block, boiled into mixed smoke, with a bamboo tube to make a shuttle silk, inhaling this Qi directly into the dantian, even sleepless at night" "The scholar smokes this as a prostitution tool, the limbs are atrophied, the Tibetan intestines are out, and the opium, the piece of soil is biting" Yunyun. (The so-called bite bar is the Java archipelago area.) In the last years of the Ming Dynasty, some areas along the southeast coast of China, especially the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong, also began to smoke opium. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the number of opium smokers gradually increased, and by the Qianlong period, the southeast coastal areas had become quite common.

Although in the Ming Dynasty, some people in China had already begun to make opium and tablets, but at that time, the opium and tablets in China were mainly imported from overseas. In the tributary trade in the early Ming Dynasty, there were also opium and tablets in the tribute of some countries in Southeast Asia. For example, Luo once paid a tribute of 300 catties of opium and chips. However, at that time, the quantity of opium and flakes imported was very small, and the price of opium and flakes on the market was very expensive, comparable to the price of gold. During the Wanli period, the import of opium and piece gradually increased, in the seventeenth year of Wanli (1589), opium and piece were included in the list of taxable goods for the first time, and in the forty-third year of Wanli (1615), the Ming court stipulated that opium and piece were taxed per ten catties of silver, one penny and seven cents and three cents, and the way of import was not only as a tribute in the tribute, but also the trade import of Chinese merchants who went to Southeast Asia to trade and Dutch and Portuguese merchants.

Western countries sold opium and chips to China, the earliest of which were the Portuguese and Dutch. In 1518, Abuquerque, the commander of the Portuguese Expeditionary Force, wrote a letter from Malacca to Manue II (Jianyì) to start the opium and chip trade. But early engaged in crows. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Fang Yizhi made it clear that the opium and the soil were made by the Hongmao (Dutch), and after the Portuguese occupied Macao, they used Macao as a base to transport the opium and chips produced in Mawa in India to Guangzhou, and the main importers of opium and chips became the Portuguese. And, until 1773, when the British began to import Indian opium to China, opium was mainly imported by the Portuguese.

Since the Shouhan led the Nanyue army to conquer the Manraka region, they paid little attention to the import of this thing, and all the growers and sellers attacked the villages. All of them were sent as slaves. Do the most dangerous and heavy work, eat the worst food, and enjoy the political treatment of being pardoned or not.

But after a thousand calculations, I didn't expect my son to hand this thing to you today as a trophy seized from the natives. I also told you that this was something that the court and the emperor enjoyed.

How does this not make Shouhan angry?

This is like a thunderstorm and a typhoon. was so frightened that Zhang Ergou immediately knelt on the ground. Trembling all over. I didn't know what I was talking about, but I heard that he was vaguely pleading with Li Huaxuan and asking the lord to kill his head. Don't blame the third son.

"Xianggong, what is such a big temper, just now Sister Ao Lei Yilan saw the tiger, and she was happy for a while, maybe she had a fetal gas, and she was about to give birth. It's a bit inappropriate for you to shout and kill here at this time, right? ”

Hearing the news, Yan Mei'er, who hurried over, whispered a few words of persuasion in front of Shouhan, and the two sisters, Meishan and Shilin, who were kneeling at the gate, also cried like pear blossoms and rain, and kept pleading in their mouths, asking the minister to spare that uncompetitive thing.

The women in the inner house here pleaded for the third son, and Li Peilin over there also asked in a low voice in Shouhan's ear: "Lord, which one did the third son commit?" Is it worth it? You have made it a rule that you can't kill people for no reason. If you can't make your sins clear, you're afraid that your lord's prestige will be damaged. ”

This one?! Will Shouhan be able to name this crime? "Oh! You kid, don't you know that this thing is a drug that has plagued me for hundreds of years in China? ”

"Madame! There's already movement on Mrs. Seven's side! A mother-in-law hurriedly ran over, and the voice in Yan Mei'er's ears was not loud but everyone could hear it clearly, "Mrs. Seventh asks the old woman to bring a message to the lady and the master, please look at the unborn child, and don't blame his third brother." ”

Get! Even the unborn child came out to intercede, can Shouhan not know the severity?!

"Uncle, for the sake of this old face of our family, and also on the face of the great victory of the soldiers of the Nanyue Army, don't care about the little mistakes of the third son. If there is any mistake, it is also an unintentional mistake to think about it, and it will not lead to death. At this time, if Wang Dehua didn't come out to sell this favor and give Shouhan a step, he would not be worthy of being this palm seal eunuch.

"Father-in-law, Benbo's wrath is out of his heart. This little thief has seized such a valuable thing, not to mention offering to the Son of Heaven, but he wants to put Benbo in a place of disloyalty and injustice, shouldn't he be killed for such a move?! ”

Get! Both sides have a great and righteous reason.

Shouhan ordered Zhang Ergou to hand over more than 1,000 catties of high-grade tobacco soil to Wang Dehua's subordinates for safekeeping, and prepared to ask Wang Gonggong to transport it to Beijing and worship the Son of Heaven. Along with the tobacco soil handed over to him, there are several sets of exquisite smoking utensils.

"A little careful, my father-in-law has also worked hard for the country all these years and has become ill. In your spare time, you might as well take a look at the smoke. ”

This thing, Emperor Chenghua and Emperor Wanli have enjoyed it, used to treat physical diseases, and today he also has the opportunity to enjoy this thing, how can Wang Dehua not be grateful?

However, on the first day of the Lunar New Year, when Shouhan accepted the worship of his subordinates, a military order was issued.

Anyone who trafficks, cultivates, and smokes opium without a license without a license will be put in the yoke for one month, and the whole family will be sent to the official slaves and filled the army, and they will not be pardoned. Those who privately open opium and lure the children of good families in the tobacco house will be sentenced to behead and decide according to the law of the cult to confuse the public; The family property was confiscated, and half of the property of the parents and the three families was confiscated. 100 rods for the transporters of cigarettes or their accomplices, and sent to ten states and other places to be confiscated; Boat owners, land protectors, neighbors, etc., who do not report the information, will have 100 rods and be issued as official slaves for three years; Soldiers and others need to ask for money, calculate stolen goods, and punish crimes in accordance with the law; The civil and military officials of the Xunkou area who have neglected to supervise and the customs supervision that do not supervise them are all handed over to the department for strict deliberation.

At the same time, a secret order was issued to the medical doctors, "Although this thing is poisoned if it is used a lot, it is also a good medicine for those who use it well." Please explore diligently to find a good prescription for anesthesia, analgesia, etc. (To be continued......)

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