【0922 Masters of Military Art】

Napoleon established the most powerful army in Europe at that time, and in order to make this army completely subordinate to him, he fixed the ranks between the Guards and the ordinary queue army in addition to the ranks between officers and soldiers, and incorporated the mechanism of competition.

Napoleon created the Guard, which was loyal to him, and gave them various privileges and preferences, in order to attract outstanding officers, establish his prestige and the admiration of his soldiers.

On March 19, 1813, Napoleon clearly stipulated the correspondence between the ranks of the Guards officers and the ordinary officers in the form of an imperial decree, and as a reward system, excellent rank officers could be converted into Guards officers, and for ordinary officers, entering the Guards became a channel for promotion and wealth.

This system attracted a large number of officers loyal to Napoleon.

The Revolution buried the insurmountable class divide of feudal society between officers and soldiers in the army, and for ordinary Frenchmen, serving in the army was not only a service to the country, but also a realistic way to improve and enhance their socio-economic status.

Napoleon tried to exploit this mentality and attract them to become soldiers.

He believes that the French have only one feeling, and that is honor.

Therefore, it is essential to provide nourishment for this emotion.

And this kind of nourishment is the appropriate promotion system, that is, the promotion of officers does not depend on seniority and background, but on the basis of the size and number of military achievements.

In this way, Napoleon directed the sense of honor of the soldier into promotion and in thought and action, and every soldier dreamed of entering the ranks of officers, so that the army would be completely subordinate to him.

Second, it is necessary to issue a decree to vigorously establish military academies to improve the cultural and educational quality of military personnel, and to regard the level of culture and education as an important condition for promotion.

Napoleon was deeply influenced by the French Enlightenment thinkers, and after he came to power, he attached great importance to the education of the country and the army, and in order to improve the political and military quality of soldiers, Napoleon issued many decrees and founded many military schools.

In January 1803, Napoleon founded a specialized military school in Fontainebleau on the basis of the Mars Military Academy, which was opened by the Jacobins on June 1, 1794, with the aim of training officers for the army and thus laying a good organizational foundation, which became known as the Saint-Cyr Military Academy.

During the Imperial period, Napoleon also founded the École Polytechnique de Paris, the Artillery School of Matz, the Military Academy of Saint-Germain, the Military Academy of Versailles, and the Military Academy of Brescia in Italy. He vigorously recruited military academy graduates in the army, which ensured that Napoleon's officer corps had a high cultural and military quality, and became an important factor in high combat effectiveness.

Napoleon was able to get his recruits to graduate from the camp school within four weeks because he had the best cadres.

The third is the unique legislation on social security for military personnel.

The army was the basis of Napoleon's power and related to the stability of Napoleon's rule, so Napoleon attached great importance to relieving the worries of soldiers, the most important of which was the legislative guarantee for veterans and disabled soldiers.

After Napoleon came to power, the social legislation on retired and disabled soldiers was constantly supplemented and improved, forming a relatively complete legal system.

In addition, the Napoleonic government also paid attention to the living arrangements of veterans, arranging for them to be reemployed to the greatest extent possible, so as not to cause them to be dissatisfied with the government due to the difficulties of life in the future.

At the same time, the housing problem of disabled veterans was put in an important position to be solved, and Napoleon provided a relatively comfortable living environment for disabled veterans.

He built a disabled military home for veterans on the basis of the military academy in the feudal era, so that they had a place to live.

And the palace of Versailles, the residence of the French emperors, was also given to the disabled soldiers, which shows Napoleon's attention to this issue.

Napoleon's military strategy, in a nutshell, was to make full use of the characteristics of his army, to use it quickly and maneuverably, to concentrate superior forces in a brilliant movement, to launch a resolute offensive, to annihilate the enemy's forces, and to win the battle.

Among them, the annihilation of enemy forces was at the heart of Napoleon's military thought.

Napoleon the Great's idea of army building can be summed up as a humanized reform and propaganda of the principles of army building, the military system, and the ideological building of the army.

Napoleon personally commanded about 60 battles through drastic reforms in the thinking of army building, strategy and tactics, and military system, especially the victories of the five anti-French alliances, which made his military thinking and military theory constantly improve and develop in the practice of war.

He was called a true master of military art by later generations.

Although Lord Wei does not have the ever-changing art of commanding.

But as a reborn crossing giant, Lord Wei is always right in strategy, and he has never made a mistake, or even can never make a mistake.

Different path choices can have very different impacts on national development and its consequences. Historically, Britain forced the United States, like India, to become a dependent country of British capital.

While Napoleon blockaded the European continent, he also used violence to expand French capital in Europe.

He inherited the gains made during the Revolution and consolidated them through foreign wars.

In particular, he ordered the Napoleonic Code, which is the prototype of the legal system of many modern democracies.

In addition, Napoleon was the first to propose the idea of the United States of Europa and tried to realize it by force.

Although he himself did not succeed in realizing this dream, Europe has been moving towards the goal of integration.

The war brought Napoleon to the pinnacle of French power and became the hegemon of the European continent, but it also brought Napoleon's political life to an end.

Under the historical conditions at that time, Napoleon's war also had the effect of defending the victorious results of the French Revolution, promoting the French revolutionary ideas and revolutionary system to Europe, destroying the feudal order in Europe, shaking the feudal system in Europe, and creating the premise for the development of capitalism in Europe.

In particular, Napoleon's military legislative activities marked the establishment of a bourgeois professional army, and he codified the principle of material incentives as the basic principle for promoting army building.

He showed everyone a new model of the establishment of the bourgeois army, that is, the model of completely abandoning the feudal army and building and developing its own army through bourgeois revolution and war, and his military ideology and military theory made great contributions to the development of modern military science.

Lord Wei's treasure army was completely modeled after Napoleon the Great's system.

What will happen in the future, Lord Wei himself doesn't know, so he always follows the trend and can't let go of his hands and feet.

This is also related to Lord Wei's personality and worldview, as a kind low-level scum in modern society.

Wei Bao has a lot of restrictions, does not invade, does not let the population die in large numbers.

These are Wei Bao's principles, so the development speed of the Heaven and Earth Society is not fast, but it is relatively stable.

Now the problem that Lord Wei encounters has to return to Liaodong and return to Guanwai.

The centuries of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were the birthplace of global wars in Europe.

The center of civilization is also in Europe.

As long as China was not located in Europe at that time, and which dynasty was in power, the result would be the same.

It is inevitable to suffer the natural consequences of the aftermath of the spread of globalization.

In fact, the whole of East Asia has completely fallen.

There is no polity that has not been subverted.

Even though the Meiji Restoration succeeded in Japan.

However, the shogunate, which had ruled for hundreds of years, also fell.

In short, it's the same for whoever is in charge.

The Manchurians regarded the Mongols as allies, as partners, and as brothers who together suppressed the ruling Han Chinese.

And the Ming believes that the Han people are the Han people, and the Tartars are the Tartars.

One thing that is particularly interesting is that the Ming Dynasty is not very separating, the difference between the Mongolian Tatars and the Manchurian Tatars.

It's all Tartars anyway.

In the Qing Dynasty, from the perspective of the Ming Dynasty, it was two groups of Tartars who united to bully the Han Chinese.

The Qing Dynasty also admitted this, so it has always been the Manmeng family.

Before the middle of the Qing Dynasty, almost all emperors could speak Mongolian.

They saw that the Mongolian envoys did not need an interpreter and communicated directly in Mongolian.

To deal with the Mongols, the Ming Dynasty did spend too much energy and too long.

For 300 years, the Ming Dynasty has been entangled with Mongolia.

For the sake of Mongolia, the Ming Dynasty rebuilt the Great Wall that had long been abandoned, and set up nine important military towns in the north.

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, attacked Mongolia eight times in a row, and Zhu Di attacked Mongolia five times in a row.

By the time of Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, Mongolia went south and almost made the Ming Dynasty the second Southern Song Dynasty.

But during the Qing Dynasty, the relationship between Mongolia and the Qing Dynasty was always handled very well.

The Qing Dynasty basically did not spend too much effort on the military for the sake of Mongolia.

Moreover, the Qing Dynasty basically did not have any wars with the Mongols.

In addition to Galdan in the northwest, Galdan was finally dealt with by Kangxi.

Lord Wei seriously thought about what method the Qing Dynasty used to successfully solve the Mongolian problem.

This method is called "marriage", or it can also be called "harmony".

Starting from Nurhachi, in order to stabilize the rear, Nurhachi concentrated his forces on attacking the Ming Dynasty and married the princesses of the Mongolian tribes.

When it came to Huang Taiji, Huang Taiji spent more energy on the issue of marrying Mongolian women.

Half of his concubines were Mongol princes and noble women.

Not only that, but the Qing Dynasty royal family also married the royal princess to the Mongolian princes and nobles.

Later, a system was formed because of this, and almost all Qing Dynasty princesses had to marry into the Mongolian steppe.

Because of this method, Mongolia and the Qing Dynasty formed an unbreakable blood relationship, and the Manchu and Mongolian families were like a family, which was also thoroughly perfected and implemented, and the Qing Dynasty easily solved the Mongolian problem.

Since the Qing Dynasty could adopt the method of "harmony" and easily solve the Mongolian problem.

Why didn't the Ming Dynasty do this?

Although it is said that the Qing Dynasty was a dynasty that appeared later, the Ming Dynasty could not learn from it.

However, before the Ming Dynasty, there had actually been a policy of dealing with the problems of ethnic minorities in the north in a "friendly" way, so why didn't the Ming Dynasty adopt it?

Lord Wei believes that there are two main reasons why the Ming Dynasty did not adopt the policy of "harmony" to deal with the problems of ethnic minorities in the north, one is that the effect is not very good.

The reason for the poor effect is mainly that the relationship between the two countries maintained through blood relatives often changes due to the princess who married to another country, so the two countries are at war again.

Second, the Ming Dynasty was ashamed of this kind of "harmony" behavior.

Historically, the Han nation has placed itself in a superior position, and in fact, it has always been very resistant to the matter of "harmony."

Therefore, the Ming Dynasty could only use tough measures to treat Mongolia.

Yongle Emperor Zhu Di even said complacently that his Ming Dynasty was the only dynasty in history that "did not get along with relatives and did not pay tribute".

Because of this, the Ming Dynasty did not use "harmony" to solve the border problem.

The Qing Dynasty did not have the mentality of the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty were a minority, and they were on the same level as the Mongols.

Even, there are many times, the status of the Mongols can be slightly higher than that of the Manchus of the Qing Dynasty.

Because the Mongols once unified China, in this way, they are not only the bosses of the northern ethnic minorities, but also have royal blood.

Therefore, the Manchus and Mongols are "harmonious", and there is absolutely no taste of marriage, but Gao Pan.

This mentality of the Manchus in the Qing Dynasty made them not regard marrying the princess to Mongolia as a shame.

The Qing Dynasty continued to "make peace".

It's not a one-time pause, and then it's not done.

It has almost become a stereotyped system, and it has been engaged in it all the time.

The "harmony" of the Han dynasty before the Ming Dynasty was very "stingy".

As a last resort, they will not adopt the "harmony" approach.

First, it is really impossible to defeat the ethnic minorities in the north.

The second is that the ethnic minorities in the north have repeatedly asked for marriage, and there are not so many princesses.

As a result, there are not many in-laws of Han people who marry into the northern ethnic minorities.

Relationships that are maintained through blood relatives may break down once blood relatives fade.

It is precisely because of the small marriage that the relationship breaks down more often.

The Qing Dynasty continued to marry, so the relationship between Manchu and Mongolia has always been very good.

In short, to really solve the problem of the northern nomads, although it is not necessarily as continuous "harmony" as the Qing Dynasty, but at least they should be placed on an equal footing with the Central Plains peoples, so that there will be fewer problems.

It was impossible for the Ming Dynasty to put the Mongols on the same footing as the Han Chinese.

Because from the beginning of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, it was an enemy relationship with the Mongols.

Comrade Zhu Yuanzhang had great hatred, and in order to survive, he responded to the peasant uprising and rebelled.

The purpose is pure, to rebel against the Yuan Court for the sake of life.

In addition, the orthodox ideology of the Han people in the Central Plains also drove Zhu Yuanzhang to "drive out the Tartars and restore China" as his uprising goal, and hated Dayuan, the Mongol thief who "stole the artifact", to the core, and urgently needed to get rid of slavery and exploitation.

Therefore, in this sense, it can be understood that this is a contradiction between the Mongolian and Han ethnic groups, and the two ethnic groups have changed hands, with deep roots and constant entanglement.

In addition, although Comrade Zhu Baba accomplished the great feat of "national liberation," he did not deal a fatal blow to the Mongols fundamentally, and this blow pulled the Mongols, especially the "golden family," who had a sense of superiority, down from the top and drove them to the desert steppe to eat sand, which naturally aroused the Mongols' resistance and hatred.

Therefore, the hatred between the two ethnic groups continued to deepen, and they continued to harass during the Ming Dynasty.

In the end, the remaining Mongols were still strong in combat and their nomadic lifestyle provided great convenience for them to carry out guerrilla warfare against the Ming Dynasty.

It was difficult for the cavalry of the Central Plains to concentrate superior forces to fight a decisive battle with it, so it was difficult to annihilate it in one fell swoop.

The two are fighting, you advance and I retreat, you retreat and I advance, and the border has never stopped.

As far as the Qing Dynasty was concerned, there were no prominent ethnic contradictions between the Mongols and the Manchus, and economic and cultural exchanges were close.

Especially after the Qing court won the Central Plains, the slow sinicization over time naturally led to the sinicization of the Mongolian people, which objectively accelerated the process of national integration.

Then, Nurhachi, the era of Huang Taiji, attacked and attacked, the Manchus were fierce and good at fighting, and the Mongols attacked militarily, weakening a large number of living forces of the Ming Dynasty.

Enwei is used together, soft and hard are not uncommon in Chinese history, history proves that the results are remarkable, Nurhachi, Huang Taiji is to use this method to actively marry with Mongolia, such as the mother of the Qing Dynasty, Borzigit Bumubutai, Xiaozhuang Empress Dowager Wen, strengthen politics, military alliances, young soldiers, Xingrongle.

Then, successive rulers of the Qing Dynasty focused on ethnic issues and strengthened the centralization of power. For example, Emperor Kangxi created the "Duolun Alliance" system, personally conquered the Zungar Department of Geldan, and used it to suppress and suppress the Mongolian tribes, and the effect was very significant.

Finally, the backward nomadic lifestyle of the Mongolian people did not meet the requirements of the times and was eliminated by history.

The rulers of the Qing Dynasty paid attention to Han culture, actively integrated into the Han nation, and moved in the same direction with the advanced productive forces, conforming to the trend of historical development.

Therefore, the ambitions of the Mongols gradually faded, and since then they have been in a state of decline, and only by relying on the central government of the Manchu Qing Dynasty can they continue to produce and reproduce.

The Qing Dynasty did not become fat in one bite, from Nurhachi to Qianlong finally ate Dzungaria, it took six generations.

Although Qin Shi Huang was eloquent and strategic, if he was born in any royal family of Qi, Chu, Zhao and Wei, he would not necessarily have a way to unify China.

Therefore, it is difficult to change the general trend of history, including the rebirth of a giant like Wei Bao.

A little bit of variation creates a series of butterfly effects.

And Wei Bao found that history has its own restoration function, and some places, even if they have been changed by him slightly.

But other places will quickly adjust again, much like water in a ditch.

Whoever takes a part, the other part will be filled up immediately.

And there is absolutely no situation where any part of the water is taken away and it becomes a vacuum.

When Ming Chengzu died, the Ming Dynasty was established about 60 years ago.

In 1682, Zheng Kexuan surrendered, 66 years after the start of the Qing Taizu.

Except for Annam and Taiwan, the actual control of land by the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty at this time was about the same.

What really widened the gap was that after the "60" years, Hong Xi succeeded to the throne, Xuande strategically shrunk, and he went to see his ancestors before he had the strength to spend a lot of money.

Then it was the turn of the man who personally led the army to fight the Mongols.

It took 20 years for the emperor of the Ming Dynasty to go straight to Huanglong to be arrested.

After that, it will be impossible for the emperor to make great achievements in the territory, and no one wants to watch the emperor rejoice and spend money to redeem the emperor.

The Qing Dynasty was completely different, Kang Qian's super long standby, Yongzheng who was able to fight and make money, Kang Yongqian's three generations of power reached 138 years, accounting for half of the total life of the Qing Dynasty.

This lineup is really strong, whether the foreign policy of an ancient feudal country can continue for a long time depends on his political stability, and after the death of Ming Chengzu, the speed of the Ming Dynasty emperor renewal is too fast, often the foundation is not stable and he dies or abdicates.

If Wenxuan had reigned for 60 years, the Ming Dynasty would have been different.

But history has no ifs, and the Ming Dynasty finally and for a long time turned the Great Wall into its own borders.

The Ming Dynasty's request for Mongolia was just not to come to the Great Wall to plunder.

But it couldn't give much additional benefits, so the Yongle Northern Expedition, the Mongols hid far away, did not dare to fight or surrender, because it was not cost-effective.

And the Qing Dynasty for Mongolia was a relationship of uniting to rule the Han people.

The Horqin Mongols followed the Jianzhou Jurchens to plunder Liaodong and North China, and the children of the rich silk were given what they wanted, while Lin Dan Khan helped the Ming Dynasty to fight and die but the benefits were limited, which attracted the Mongolian tribes to the arms of Jianzhou step by step.

If the Ming court and the Ming army had been more powerful at that time, and Xiong Tingbi or Sun Chengzong had destroyed Jianzhou, Horqin would have been more honest than Chahar.

In fact, after the Qing Dynasty won the world, it has always been on guard against Mongolia, and there are many means of differentiation and suppression.

As a modern ordinary scum, it will continue to grow with heaven and earth.

Many times, Lord Wei felt that he lacked both ambition and means.

The main thing is the lack of means.

Sometimes Lord Wei also fantasizes about ruling the whole world.

It's just that this kind of thinking usually comes and goes quickly.