The sound of hooves of a two-wheeled carriage drove along the ash road leading from the university campus outside Hue to the city.

Horses are good horses. Two clean-washed horses came in with bridle mane and tail. In particular, the horsehair is trimmed and short, and it is deliberately dyed red with pigment. Discerning people can see at a glance that this horse is a mixture of local fruit horses and horse breeds from Dashi, Europa, Mongolia and other places, and is specially used to tow and tow vehicles and breed horses. The red dye on the horse's hair is the characteristic mark of the military horse, indicating that the two horses are registered horses in the army, and like the soldiers, they enjoy a standard diet, with a daily ration of fine salt, beans, grain, bone meal and eggs.

The car is a good car. Pedestrians couldn't see the shock-absorbing springs and the like, but the two sets of swarthy rubber wheels were very swaggering in front of everyone. And the wiping of a dazzling set of brass accessories, the four glass lamps hanging at the four corners of the carriage, is a silent message to the pedestrians on the side of the road, although there is no flag to open the way, there is no front and back hugging guards and soldiers, but the people in the carriage are by no means idle.

Yes, in this car, which was followed by only four escorts, it was Mr. Galileo, the current president of Nanzhong University.

Looking out through the glass car window curtain, Hue City, which is already adjacent to the end of the year, is particularly lively.

There is no longer a city wall, and people can enter and exit the city more easily and quickly. Shops of all sizes along the sides of several main roads are seizing the sales peak at the end of the year and making their business booming.

According to the rules formed in Nanzhong over the years. At the end of each year, all major government-owned enterprises have to pay their employees one month's salary as a gift. Serve as a festival fee for everyone. When some companies make profits to the estimated amount, they have to give red envelopes to their employees as appropriate as a reward for their hard work in the past year.

Even those new immigrants who have just traveled thousands of miles from the mainland, or who have not yet recovered from the dizziness of taking a sea boat, are also helping the old and the young to come out of the temporary resettlement area, holding tightly the advance salary and settling-in allowance they have just gotten, and going to the street to buy some New Year's clothes for the family. Shop for miscellaneous items for daily living.

At the beginning of this year, the huge storm caused by Li Shouhan's long-term absence from Nanzhong gradually subsided. Everywhere there are reports that a certain place has successfully quelled the unrest and a number of seizures have been seized. News on how many prisoners, how much land to expand, and how many grassroots regimes to establish. War, turmoil. Rubbing shoulders with the people here again.

Several commercial streets outside the old town are just as bustling. It was crowded with people shopping and shopping.

Outside the carriage, there is a warm and noisy atmosphere before the upcoming festival, and a wall separates this rich atmosphere. In the carriage, Galileo was the only one sitting alone, but it was full of tension, loss, sorrow, panic and many other negative emotions, which made people feel very depressed.

He was about to go to bed last night when he suddenly received a notice from the office. said that Grandpa Guo was going to see him this morning, and asked him to come to the mansion early tomorrow morning to wait for his life.

Although he also met with Li Shouhan more than once. Discussing a technology or topic, or even arguing over a course at university.

But what time is it? The good news from all over the country was that those who believed in God were involved, organized armed groups, and even openly confronted the officials and soldiers.

Although Galileo, as a devout Catholic, was also close to those Calvinists, but, in Grandpa Li's view, you all believed in the same crucified guy. To paraphrase a phrase often said by the Han people, you can't write two Jesus in one stroke!

Who knows if the spies around this grandfather will report Galileo and others, who believe in Catholicism and are hostile to Calvinism, to him as rebels? Then he was arrested on charges of rebellion, thrown into a forced labor camp, where he was put to work, where the heavy physical labor consumed the last bit of energy from him, and finally he collapsed weakly on the muddy ground?

Although there were no signs in the current situation, Galileo fully understood what it means to be a person who does not do bad things, and he was not surprised when he knocked on the door in the middle of the night. It was also when he and Father Alfonso discussed the situation that he suggested the formation of a Catholic militia. Alfonso vetoed the motion, and the Catholics turned in all the weapons in their homes. But, after all, there is such a past, God knows if it will offend the dragon's reverse scales because of this?

Galileo's academic achievements were undoubtedly enormous, but his political wisdom and understanding of the world's people were almost rudimentary. Compared to Alfonso, a thousand-year-old fox, he is almost at the level of a schoolboy. He was so depressed and uneasy that if Alfonso knew about it, he would give him a special lesson, "How to control your emotions." ”

Learn to be pretentious, not to be happy with things, not to be sad about yourself. This is the minimum requirement for high-level figures in ancient and modern China and abroad.

In front of him is the checkpoint into the city, Galileo's carriage is a vehicle registered with the Patrol Police, and those patrolmen on duty saw it and naturally waved their hands to let it go. However, Mr. Jia's mood became more and more gloomy.

"Tuk Tuk!" He slammed on the wall of the carriage, and one of the guards poked his head out, "Sir, what's the matter?" ”

"I asked you to load the car this morning, but have you forgotten?" Galileo's face flushed a little, and he spoke quickly and urgently.

"We've already wrapped those things you said and packed them in our suitcases." The guard was a little strange, which nerve was wrong today, headmaster? Even if those few things are agricultural innovation equipment that the lord wants to do in the university, it is reasonable to go down to offer treasures at the end of the year, but you can't always ask with such a white face, right? After coming out of college to here, in just a dozen miles, the old man has already asked our brothers three or four times for these things!

Where did they know Galileo's mind! This old gentleman was looking forward to using these newly researched agricultural tools to present treasures to Li Shouhan. It can also be regarded as a form of meritorious atonement. Let the grandfather know that although the old man made a mistake for a while, he still has some slight credit for the entire Nanzhong. You're still of some use to Grandpa!

The agricultural tools that Galileo regarded as a lifesaver were lying quietly in the trunk at the bottom of the carriage. A new model of equipment made of fine steel, which glows dimly blue. The seeder, the two-vertical knife plow, the multi-head plough, the threshing machine, and the soil grinder were all developed by Galileo himself, organized by the university gentlemen and some students with quite ideas. This is a good time to show your credit.

Actually, these few pieces of agricultural equipment. It was also a little impression that Li Shouhan had vaguely come up with after searching in his mind for a long time, although it seemed to be relatively backward. However, in the era when animal physical strength and hydroelectric wind power are still the main sources of power, it is also an extremely advanced existence.

If nothing else, that seeder was a very unscrupulous theft of the British amateur musician, lawyer and inventor Jeslow? Tours' results. The product of the improved Tours planter.

The area of dry land in Nanzhong, Liangguang, Fujian, Shandong and other places is also quite large. This seeder is precisely designed for dry fields. Although the Nanyue Army's investment in agriculture can be said to be sparing no cost, a large number of metal tools have been put into use, so that the farmland can be further intensively cultivated, the land is deeply ploughed, and pests and diseases are reduced. However, in the process of sowing, it is still very extensive and backward. Sowing is still done by hand-sown and diffuse sowing. The amount of seeds required is more, so that. There is a great disharmony between the ratio of good seeds to yields. Moreover, a lot of manpower is taken. For a regime like Nanchu, where labor is more important than anything else. Rather than increasing labor or increasing labor intensity, it is better to invest in scientific and technological research and development funds, and try to replace some urgent and heavy links that have always relied on manual operation with machinery (or improved equipment) to solve this weak link, and then further liberate the productive forces, and free a large number of occupied labor force from this link and invest it in other places.

However, the first planter was developed as a cart on wheels with a hopper for seeds. As the wheels turn, the seeds fall onto the ground through a metal tube or hollow coulter underneath the container. Each coulter ploughs a small furrow in the ground; The seed fell into the furrow. There is a rake behind the planter that rakes the ploughed soil back and covers it with seeds. This planter failed because the machine could not effectively control the speed at which the seeds fell from the container into the soil. Seeds are supposed to be sown in a straight line, but there are often gaps in the seed line.

However, Tour, like Watt, improved the design of his predecessors and perfected the device to achieve epoch-making results. He experimented and compared the design of various machines, and finally he applied his musical knowledge to his invention, using the grooves, tongues and springs on the organ resonance plate, and removing some parts from two other machines that had nothing to do with agriculture, and after restructuring and assembly, he invented a spring mechanism, the world's first seeder (it was a seed seeder), with a copper cover and adjustable springs to control the speed at which the seeds fell downward, and the copper cover and spring acted like a reed in the organ mechanism. It spreads the seeds evenly and continuously, and because the seeds are sown in this way, each crop is expected to grow well, and because the wheat is planted in a straight line, it is easier to get rid of weeds.

Jethro? The most obvious effect of Tours' planter is a better harvest and more profit for farmers, reduced labor costs, and a more reliable food supply. His idea for a spring mechanism in a planter was inspired by the acoustic mechanism of the organ. It works very satisfactorily.

Such equipment happened to be needed by the Nanyue Army at this time.

The two-vertical knife plow, soil grinder, and threshing machine that are matched with this seeder are all developed for the purpose of liberating the labor force occupied by agriculture to the greatest extent.

"I wonder how much more land will be cultivated by the peasants under His Royal Highness the Duke with these artifacts, and how many people will devote themselves to the workshop?"

Remembering the data of several sets of experiments that he led his students to do on the experimental farm of the university, Galileo's heart suddenly became hot. With advanced agricultural machinery and equipment, coupled with the large number of cultivated cattle, it is bound to be a huge promotion to agricultural production on Li Shouhan's territory.

It's in the midst of cranky thinking. A guard reminded him from outside the car window, "Sir, we're about to enter the palace." These words jerked Galileo back from his wandering. Looking up through the car window, sure enough, there was already a huge gatehouse of the palace in front of him.

Although Galileo had a treatment similar to that of riding a horse in the Forbidden City, he could ride directly into the palace and go all the way to the courtyard of Li Shouhan's signing room, but today's situation. But he didn't dare to do so.

"Stop, I want to go."

From the gate to the Yin'an Palace, the Yin'an Palace at the end of the road and the buildings on both sides were arranged according to the pattern of Beijing City in the small court of the Ruan family. The construction was carried out in miniaturization after the drawings of the Forbidden City. From time to time, people came and went in and out of the rooms on both sides, busy with their official duties, passing documents and letters.

These houses on both sides of the road are the locations of the subordinate officials of the various divisions and yamen. But the real core of power is in the Erjin courtyard behind the Yin'an Palace, where the highest center of the Nanyue Army is located.

It's also approaching the end of the year. People are in a good mood. All of them were smiling. The situation in various places is gradually returning to normal, and the overall situation is in control in Java and other places, although it is said that the Central Plains is still full of swords and soldiers, and the war is still frequent, but after all, it is far away from itself, and it will not affect it for a while.

From time to time, someone greeted Galileo, who was slowly coming along the road, "Hello old man! "Hello sir!" Several officials who had studied under Galileo stood on the side of the road in an orderly manner, nodding their heads and saluting. Let your husband pass first.

For this traditional habit of respecting teachers and valuing education, Galileo praised it in his heart. He remembered the teacher-student relationship between Aristotle and Alexander the Great. "Maybe I can't be a second Aristotle. But if I could have someone like Alexander the Great among my students, it would also make me famous! More than once, he was secretly proud in his heart. Judging from the current development momentum of the Nanyue Army, if there are no special accidents, it is definitely not a big sentence to see the birth of an empire in Galileo's lifetime.

"Sir! You're here too!? Galileo was a little surprised by a Latin greeting, and when he looked up, he saw that under a pine tree not far away, several "red-haired people" with the same blond hair and blue eyes as him were gathering in one place to chat, and they greeted him, and the person was walking towards him in surprise.

Galileo looked fixedly, but the winner in front of him was his fellow Italian countryman, Bonaventura, who claimed to be his student? Francesco? Cavalieri. In the second year of Chongzhen, that is, in 1629, with the help of Galileo, he entered the University of Bologna as a professor of mathematics.

In mathematics, Cavalieri developed Galileo's idea of indivisibility into geometry, proposing the idea that lines are made of points, surfaces are made of lines, and bodies are made of surfaces. Using Kepler's idea of infinite small geometric numbers, Archimedes' exhaustive method was developed into an inexhaustible division method. This was the original idea of integralism. The most complete proof is given for the trigonometric sum of a spherical triangle greater than 180 and less than 450. The logarithmic values are understood and generalized and applied. His greatest contribution was the development of the principle of indivisibility, which was the foundation theory of calculus.

In physics, Cavalieri studied the volume of rotating solids and gave precise proofs of the volume theorem of rotating solids; put forward the idea that gravity is a force caused by external action; He studied the convex mirror and determined the focal length of the lens, and Cavalieri's main works include Plane and Spherical Triangle (1635).

After Galileo was condemned as a heretic by the Inquisition and almost burned at the stake, Cavalieri was also implicated because he was recommended by Galileo to enter the university. Although this guy calls himself a student of Galileo, his attitude towards academic research is quite deviant compared to that of his teacher. Although Galileo was a natural scientist, he was a devout Catholic with a strong sense of religion in his mind. This can be seen from his strong theological conception in his evaluation of mathematics. Moreover, although the old gentleman also proposed that any discipline should be based on mathematics, he believed that mathematics was the literature that God used to write the universe.

In Cavalieri's view, mathematics is mathematics and has nothing to do with God!

After receiving the letter and travel expenses from the teacher from the distant and mysterious East, Cavalieri immediately agreed without hesitation. Mr. Basten got in touch. Board the ship and head to the land that the teacher said was rich and peaceful, and extremely conducive to academic research.

Standing with Cavalieri and chatting passionately, or arguing with each other. It was also a few guys from Europe, Galileo looked at them one by one, and every time he saw one, his heart was at ease.

"Fermat, Torricelli, and Wallis are all very accomplished in mathematics and physics, and His Royal Highness the Duke must have sent them some new technical problems or new ideas to tell them. Otherwise, these people would not have gathered here early in the morning. ”

Frenchman Fermar. He was friends with Descartes and others, and because of this relationship, he was abducted to the East under the guidance of the purpose of escaping the war. arrived at Li Shouhan's one-acre and one-third of land.

But before Descartes, he systematically introduced linear coordinates, established the coordinate method, and applied the coordinate method to geometry. Second-order straight and curvilinear equations were made. In the Introduction to the Theory of Plane and Spatial Position, it is pointed out that the primary equation represents a straight line, and the quadratic equation represents a cross-section, and the general form of the primary and quadratic equations is studied through the transformation of coordinates.

His book "Methods for Finding Maximums and Minimums" occupies an important place in the history of differential and integral calculus, which is not only used to find the maximum and minimum values, but also to solve tangent problems tangent to curves. The general law of fractional microdifferentiation is proposed, and the power integral formula is applied to fractional and negative exponents. He has also made certain contributions to probability theory.

Fermat also studied the basic principles of geometrical optics, on the basis of which the laws of reflection and refraction of light were derived. He proposed that "it is impossible to express the cube of an integer as the sum of two cubes, and the power of a fourth as the sum of two powers of four." In general, it is impossible to express any power greater than 2 as the sum of two powers of the same square," this theory is called Fermat's theorem. Many mathematicians, such as Euler, Legend, Gauss, Abelle, Dirichlet, Lame, Cauchy, etc., have spent a lot of time and even devoted their lives to solving this problem, but it has not yet been solved.

Another of Galileo's students and assistants, Torricelli, this year invented the barometer and proposed the theory of vacuum, and according to the barometer and vacuum theory, and the reason for the wind is "the difference in temperature and air density between the two regions of the earth." The theory of the formation of typhoons was predicted in advance, because of this great contribution, the Nanyue Army, which has a long coastline and is extremely dependent on the sea, attaches great importance to Torricari, and can be described as a red and purple figure.

Galileo's heart was immediately settled. Passing him on, I'm afraid that there are also some technical problems to discuss and solve together. It is estimated that it has nothing to do with the current religious disputes in various places.

Just as he was thinking, a young voice came from outside the crowd.

"Sir, this is my newly written sonnet, please help me to correct the axe."

Young Pascal waved a few pieces of paper in his hand and tried to pass them to Galileo through the cracks in the crowd.

Unlike Torricelli, Fermat, Cavalieri, Descartes, and others, who had reached middle age, Pascal was only twenty years old at this time. This genius boy born in the mountains of France is a great physicist, mathematician, philosopher and essayist in French history, and he is also a genius of young aspirations. At a very young age, he was proficient in Euclidean geometry, and he independently discovered the first 32 theorems of Euclidean, and the order was exactly right. At the age of 12, he discovered that the sum of the inner angles of a triangle is equal to 180 degrees, and began to study mathematics with his father. He and several of Descartes' friends, Maran? Mason, Gassandy, Dezargue and others had a good relationship, with whom he was not yet 12 years old, and it was also because of Descartes' relationship that under the threat of war in Europe, he reluctantly left the academic activities of the group of mathematicians and physicists in Paris (the predecessor of the Academy of Sciences in Paris) to escape the war in the East, and at the same time to better conduct academic research with his friends.

(This is a great man who wrote a paper on conic cross-section when he was 17 years old, so did you only come into contact with conic curves when you were 17 years old?) ）

"All the gentlemen have arrived?"

Uchiyama Yongming, who was in charge of contacting these people in the official room, wore a newly made blue robe, which looked unusually clean and neat.

"Uchiyama-kun, what is His Royal Highness the Duke summoning us for? Could it be that there are new academic books that have arrived from all over the world to share with us, as we did last time? ”

Because of his mathematical attainments, Uchiyama Yongming can be regarded as being able to enter the eyes of the group of cattle present, and he has a lot of exchanges on weekdays. Naturally, Torricelli and the others would not be polite to him, even if they asked him what he was doing today.

Not long ago, Li Shouhan had also convened a gathering of people, but that time it was because European businessmen had brought the writings of the French mathematician and engineer Dessaguer. The son of the French royal notary, he was one of the founders of projective geometry and laid the foundations of projective geometry. The things named after him include the deschag theorem, the deschag diagram, and the deschag plane, and projective geometry has a wide range of applications in engineering.

At that time, although Deschag was a good mix, his academic theories were not of much interest. It wasn't until 200 years after Dessager's hiccup that his projective geometry was re-taken seriously. Then European surveying, drawing, and architecture developed by leaps and bounds, and the Wright brothers used a great deal of knowledge of projective geometry to build airplanes.

However, Li Shouhan, who has always adhered to Chu Caijin's theory, does not see it that way. As long as you're useful, I don't care who you are? If you can't get it, you have to get your academic results!

At that time, it was to convene everyone to study and sharpen the achievements of Dessaq's theory of allusion geometry, remind each other, promote, and then digest and absorb.

But what is it for today? (To be continued......)

PS: Seeing these names, does it make everyone feel like they hate the root of their teeth? If you feel itchy, you will use the monthly pass to smash this group of red-haired people!