Section 128 Acids and Bases (4)

Xu Yingjie said: "Not exactly. We call it electrolyte-liquid-, and the caustic soda content in it is less than 10%, and there are many impurities, which need to be separated and treated. ”

"Look, chlorine!" Ji Si quit and patted Xu Yingjie on the shoulder.

"What, what." Bai Yu wanted to come up and take a look.

"Be careful, don't-move." Xu Yingjie was a little excited, he thought that it was not that chlorine could be disinfected, purify the environment, and used to do things like hydrochloric acid, but "poison gas".

Although chlorine gas is ordinary, it is the first poison gas in the history of modern warfare to be put into actual combat. Moreover, chlorine is easy to make, and it can be called a super killer in this time and space. It doesn't matter if you are a Manchurian white-armored soldier, a Guanning ironclad, a royal family or a Cromwellian ironclad soldier, there is only one "death" when you encounter it.

At present, the industry of the traverser is not able to make gas pressure vessels, and it is impossible to store chlorine. But Xu Yingjie knows that there are a lot of perverts in the weapons research team, and maybe he can make some demon moths.

The yellow-green-colored gas rose from the glass tube, and the traversers present held their breath. At this time, a small fan installed in another glass tube suddenly started to operate, indicating that another colorless electrolyte had also come out - hydrogen.

"Everyone, pay attention." Ji Siwei began to educate the workers on safety: "This yellow-colored gas is called chlorine gas. It's poisonous ......"

Watching Ji Siwei explain to a group of indigenous workers who didn't seem to understand what chlorine was, what hydrogen was, and how to prevent poisoning and explosions, Bai Yu thought to himself that I wouldn't come to this chemical plant in the future—it would be too dangerous.

The produced hydrogen is fed into the only modern device in the plant: a hydrochloric acid reactor. Hydrogen is passed into the reactor for combustion, and then chlorine is introduced to produce hydrogen chloride gas. After cooling, it is absorbed by water to become hydrochloric acid.

This reaction is very dangerous. If the chlorine content in the hydrogen is too high, it will explode directly, and the solution is to strictly control the amount of chlorine gas entering the reaction process, so that the toxic chlorine gas is surrounded by excess hydrogen, so that the chlorine gas can be fully reacted, and the pollution of the air and the possible mixed explosion are prevented.

Because of the great danger - nature, Ji Siwei did not consider the soil method equipment from the beginning, but directly purchased the equipment of modern time and space.

Only a part of the chlorine gas can be consumed to produce hydrochloric acid, and the rest is passed into a small reaction tower next to it, which is already filled with dried slaked lime in layers. Chlorine gas is absorbed by slaked lime to produce calcium hypochlorite, which is better known by its name: bleaching powder.

As the most common and effective disinfectant, the successful mass production of bleaching powder means that the crossing group has reached a new peak in disease prevention and epidemic prevention, which is of great significance to the crossing group base on both sides of the Wenlan River, which is extremely densely populated. When the army goes on an expedition, there is no need to worry about the sanitation of drinking water along the way.

Slaked lime absorbs chlorine gas is difficult to absorb completely, in the waste will more or less take away part of the chlorine, in order to make more use of chlorine, while improving the air environment, generally take zuihou a waste gas absorption process.

The exhaust gas sent out from the absorption tower is connected to the absorption cylinder by pipe, and the cylinder is lime-milk prepared by slaked lime. The chlorine in the exhaust gas is absorbed by lime-milk-to produce calcium chlorate and calcium chloride.

After the lime-milk-absorbs chlorine gas, it is pumped into a concentrator and then cooled after heating, that is, the calcium chlorate is crystallized. Calcium chlorate can be used as a herbicide. Calcium chloride can be obtained by extracting the liquid-body of calcium perchlorate, and then heating and concentrating. Basically zero chlorine emission has been achieved.

As for the electrolyte, which flows out during electrolysis, it already contains about 10% caustic soda. However, the content of sodium chloride is higher, and such caustic soda - liquid - cannot be used, and must be concentrated.

The equipment used by Ji Siwei for concentrating is a large pot, which is directly heated and concentrated by igniting coal with firewood. The strong smell made people who were not wearing protective glasses in the premises escape.

"Isn't it too polluting to boil it so openly?" Bai Yu said.

"yes, but don't we have an evaporator? It's still a coal cost! Ji Siwei said loudly because he was wearing a chemical protective mask, "I will change it when the machinery factory can give us a supporting facility in the future." ”

After boiling for a while, under the alkali-liquid-bottom, crystals have precipitated out at the bottom of the pot, accumulating more and more.

"Bai Yu, quickly take a spoon and scoop it out! Be careful not to bring the alkali liquid out as well. ”

Bai Yu hurriedly brought over the special wooden spoon and stood by the pot to scrape out the crystals at the bottom of the pot.

"Stay safe." Ji Siwei looked at him nervously. This pot was eaten from the roast pig collected from Goujiazhuang at that time, and the caliber was very large. If you don't pay attention to it, it's over.

Bai Yu carefully took out the crystals, and the steam on the pot felt pungent even when he was wearing a protective mask.

"It's salt, isn't it?" He asked.

"Yes, it's real refined salt!"

The refined salt taken out is sent to the salt drying board, washed several times with dilute alkali - liquid, and then rinsed with saturated refined salt water, and the rest is snow-white crystals. The purity of sodium chloride in this salt is as high as 95%. It can be used to prepare normal saline for medicine, medicine, infusion, fluid, and use.

The precipitated electrolyte-liquid-liquid is heated and concentrated until the concentration of the alkali-liquid-liquid reaches about 30%, and it becomes usable. Products. Of course, it is possible to continue to concentrate and dry into solids, but this is too coal-intensive and not cost-effective for traversers.

The successful manufacture of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and caustic soda has given the Industrial Energy Committee great confidence.

According to Ji Sihui's calculations, under the condition of ensuring the supply of raw materials and energy, the contact sulfuric acid workshop is equipped with 15 workers in three shifts, with an annual operating time of 345 days, with a daily output of 1 ton of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, which can be increased to 1.2 tons per day when necessary; the salt electrolysis workshop is equipped with 24 workers in three shifts, and the annual output is 345 days, with an annual output of 47.5 tons of caustic soda, 87 tons of bleaching powder, 2 tons of calcium chlorate, and 6 tons of calcium chloride. 47.5 tons of refined salt (95% purity sodium chloride) and 30 tons of hydrochloric acid.

The output is insignificant by modern standards, but for the Planning Commission, which recently allocated a milliliter of one gram for any chemical, the commissioning of these two workshops was tantamount to a windfall.

Even Shi Yuanren came, and when he saw the 95% high-purity sodium chloride prepared for him by Ji Sihui, Shi Yuanren was so happy that he couldn't close his mouth - this can solve a big problem: the infusion-liquid-, injection-injection-saline has been settled. Bleaching powder, not to mention the good stuff that the Ministry of Health is looking forward to. As for the crude calcium chloride, it is made into calcium chloride injection-injection-liquid-liquid after refining by the manufacturing - pharmaceutical - factory, which can treat tetany caused by the decrease of blood calcium, intestinal colic, ureteral colic, etc., urticaria, exudation-sex-edema, itching-sex-skin diseases. It is used for the treatment of vitamin D deficiency - sexual-rickets, osteomalacia, pregnancy-women- and lactation-lactation-lactation-women-female calcium salt supplementation. It will greatly improve the physical fitness of the people in this time and space.

With enough hydrochloric acid, the production of glucose in the jihua of the medical-pharmaceutical factory can also be put on the construction agenda. Shi Yuanren immediately contacted Wu Nanhai and asked him to quickly take out the starch raw materials, and everyone summed up and immediately set up a glucose workshop.

As for Wu Nanhai, he was overjoyed that he had suddenly obtained a herbicide that he had not hoped for at all, and immediately asked for all the relevant production to be allocated to him for use. He also asked with concern when he could give him ammonium sulfate, so that he could cooperate with hybrid rice to release a super yield satellite.

Even the people from the Ministry of Light Industry came to ask how much they could be given a quota of caustic soda and sulphuric acid, and with these two things, they could provide clean white paper, not to mention soap. However, the Ministry of Chemical Industry and the Ministry of Light Industry should cooperate in making soap, and it should be that the Ministry of Chemical Industry should obtain glycerin through the process of making soap.

It's like snowballing. Once a jishu bottleneck was broken, many production fields that were originally stuck suddenly moved, and the number of products that could be produced increased by many at once, and the scale of production capacity was also expanded.

The military department also reacted quickly, and on the same day, Xi Asia called and asked the Ministry of Chemical Industry to seriously consider the military value and use of chlorine as a weapon.

It is impossible to directly release chlorine gas, so Xu Yingjie and several people from the weapons research team studied it and developed a chlorine mine: a pack of calcium hypochlorite powder -- that is, bleaching powder -- was loaded under the canned hydrochloric acid, and then 30 grams of collodion -- medicine -- cartridge -- was tied to blast the two substances into a mist and mixed together through explosion. As for the effect, it was agreed that if you want to use it, it is better to detonate multiple pieces at the same time.

It was also proposed that poison gas shells could be made, the principle was the same, and it would be enough to improve the structure so that it could withstand the fire-fire of howitzers.

"Not recommended." It was hard for Xu Yingjie to imagine who would be able to run around with many hydrochloric acid canisters on the battlefield.

"In my opinion, you should count on this kind of poison gas shells and poison gas mines," Lin Shenhe of the artillery research and development group made a summing up, "It is better to make some glass bottles, which are filled with hydrochloric acid, and when the time comes, it is better to throw them out." ”

The response from the masses was very good, and the praise from various departments was overwhelming. But as the head of the chemical department, Ji Siwei was not happy at all. Behind this dazzling series of product catalogs and production figures lies high energy consumption and extremely unstable production conditions.

A salt electrolysis workshop consumes 160 tons of salt, 60 tons of quicklime, 0.5 tons of hydrochloric acid, 35 tons of coal, and 140,000 kWh of direct current every year. 1500 tons of water. This is an extremely objective amount of material and energy consumption. In particular, electricity and industrial water. The installed capacity of the Bopu power station was originally only 213 kW, and just one electrolysis plant consumes almost one-tenth of the power station's annual power generation. The lack of electricity has actually become a major obstacle to the electrolysis of salt, which was supposed to start at the end of last year. It was not until recently that the second phase of the Bairentan Hydropower Station was successfully expanded, where a pot camel machine was moved to the Bopu power station, and the installed capacity of Bopu was doubled before it was officially put into operation.

After Ji Siwei waited for the manufacturing capacity of the machinery department to improve by a grade, he gradually replaced the equipment that was too simple now, so that high-energy-consumption and high-pollution production is really not the future direction.

Another disadvantage of the introduction of the local method is that it "looks beautiful", and after it was actually put into operation, many problems that were not mentioned in the construction brochure were exposed one after another.

The most typical is the contact with the sulfuric acid workshop, from the start of the construction, large and small - hair - a lot of diseases, the most serious is the conversion rate is low, less than 70%, resulting in the concentration of part of the sulfuric acid is too low, only 80%, must be re-blended to meet the factory standard. The outlet of the blower is acidic, which is spilled everywhere, causing serious ground corrosion; A large amount of acid is in the exhaust smoke at the outlet of the chimney, and the humid air immediately turns into acid rain, which erodes and destroys all the temporary factories and sheds around the chimney. Several workers suffered minor acid burns and were taken to the hospital.

Ji Siwei and Xu Yingjie, as well as Jishu personnel in machinery and construction, made six consecutive modifications to the whole system, even disassembled the repacking of the absorption tower several times, and added a pebble dust collector to the converter; The air outlet is added with coke as an absorbent; Add a clay cylinder to the top of the absorption tower to remove acid foam, and add coke...... Even by himself, he touched and held a meeting to discuss and bring flip books, but fortunately, the big library was rich in materials, and all kinds of problems were solved one by one, and it took a month to stabilize the production.

The sulfuric acid workshop has just stabilized, and there have been several small-scale accidents in the electrolysis workshop, and the most outrageous thing is that some people actually took a fancy to hydrogen and designed and manufactured a balloon by themselves, saying that this was for the future balloon observation troops to make material preparations, and they had to fill hydrogen in the workshop. But this person came up in a body of chemical fiber clothes and touched -...... 1% of second-degree burns were rushed to the hospital for treatment. The entire electrolysis plant was paralyzed for ten hours. Ji Si was deflated, but he still used a bamboo fence to enclose the workshop, and hung the danger mark of a skull high outside. No one is allowed to enter or leave at will.

Shi Yuanren returned from a visit to the Bopu Chemical Plant, and by the way, he discussed with the Planning Commission and the Ministry of Chemical Industry the supply of materials urgently needed by the factory, and then went to the dormitory area of Cibairencheng, took samples once, and then returned to the General Hospital.

"One-touch-ah, touch-to-......"

Shi Yuanren hummed "Eighteen-Touch-", and walked into Bairen General Hospital with a few bags of stool. Ye Yuming, who was passing by, muttered in surprise: "Is this guy stupid to look at stool all day long?" ”

The real reason is certainly not so! Shi Yuanren sat in his "first medical laboratory center in this time and space", confidently cocked Erlang's legs, piled up a pile of poop sample jars, and let out a hesitant smile. The success of the Ministry of Chemical Industry this time made his enthusiasm for the manufacturing and pharmaceutical factories gradually cool down and burned again -- he was greatly motivated and wondered what else he could make. This is better than ten years of hard work. There's someone in the Crossing Group!