Chapter 593: What is the Imperial Examination?
Seeing that the people in the hall of the general's mansion were very curious about the system of taking scholars, Li Mu reorganized the imperial examination system he knew in his own words, and explained it clearly one by one.
According to Li Mu's explanation, everyone was completely clear.
The subjects of the imperial examination can be divided into two types: regular subjects and system subjects. Changke, that is, the imperial examination held in phases every year; The imperial examination is held by the emperor's temporary edict.
There are more than 50 kinds of permanent subjects such as Xiucai, Mingjing, Jinshi, Junshi, Mingfa, Mingzi, and Mingsuan.
Among them, the subjects of Ming Law, Ming Arithmetic, and Ming Characters belong to partial subjects, and the number of candidates admitted from these subjects is relatively small. Moreover, candidates in these subjects, even if they can pass the exam, will not be reused too much. However, these subjects cannot be left unexamined, because the country also needs such talents and officials.
The two subjects of Ming Jing and Jinshi have become the most important subjects in the entire regular course. The content of the Jinshi examination is mainly time affairs, poems, and articles. The content of the Ming Jing examination mainly includes strategic policies and scriptures.
Among them, the difficulty of the Ming Jing exam is comparative, and the difficulty of the Jinshi exam is relatively large. Of course, if the Jinshi and the first can obtain official positions, their career promotion will be faster, and they will also be easily valued and cultivated by the imperial court. In terms of career promotion and official university, those who take the Mingjing examination are inferior to those who take the Jinshi examination.
Li Mu also knows that the direct adverse impact of the imperial examination system is...... Heavy literature and light martial arts!
After all, the subjects tested in the imperial examination system are all text-based. Over time, more and more students will only pay attention to knowledge reserves, and despise the exercise of their own physical fitness.
For a long time, "the power of the chicken" is precisely to describe the weak scholar. However, Li Mu knew in his heart that before the Song Dynasty in history, scribes also had a certain foundation in martial arts, and they were by no means the "weak scholars" known to the public!
After all, with the continuous implementation of Confucianism, the scribes of the entire era had to learn the six arts of Confucianism. The archery and royalty in the six arts of Confucianism are directly related to the physical fitness of scribes.
The six arts of Confucianism are etiquette, music, archery, royalty, calligraphy, and mathematics!
"Li" mainly refers to moral education. It can be subdivided into five rites, namely: auspicious rites, fierce rites, military rites, guest rites, and jia rites. "If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand", if you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand up, and you can't be a person.
"Music" refers to music, poetry, dance, etc. It can also be subdivided into six music, namely: Yunmen, Daxian, Dashao, Daxia, Dahui, Dawu and other ancient music. Of course, "music" does not only refer to aesthetic education! Etiquette is external, and music is internal. Happiness makes everyone blind to each other, and etiquette makes everyone respect each other. Joy makes everyone the same with each other, and courtesy makes everyone different from each other!
"Shooting" refers to archery techniques. It can be subdivided into five shots, namely: white arrow, ginseng, 剡注, Xiangqi, and well.
"Go" refers to the technique of driving a horse-drawn carriage. It can also be subdivided into five royals, namely: Ming and Luan, chasing water songs, passing the monarch table, dancing and crossing, and chasing birds left.
"Book", generally known as calligraphy, also includes writing, literacy, and writing. It can also be subdivided into six books, namely: pictograms, signifiers, understandings, shapes, sounds, transfers, and pretenses.
"Number" refers to the algorithm, counting. It can also be subdivided into nine disciplines of mathematics and art, namely: Fangtian, Libu, Differential, Shaoguang, Shanggong, Even-Loss, Yingqi, Equation, and Pythagorean.
The importance attached to the six arts of Confucianism by ancient scholars indicates that a scribe should develop in an all-round way in the five aspects of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty, and labor. It can be seen from this that the insightful people of the ancients were so powerful!
Therefore, Li Mu also requires that students participating in the examination should also learn the six arts of Confucianism, and must not emphasize literature and ignore martial arts. Otherwise, one day, these civil officials will become powerless and weak people!
Nowadays, there are not many people in the world who can read and hyphenate; In addition, in today's troubled times, the number of people who practice martial arts should be more than simply literate and hyphenation.
Therefore, Li Mu proposed to set up a "martial arts" under his own rule.
The people who are taken from the martial arts can be either a simple martial artist who is illiterate, or a person who can be both civil and military. Of course, people who are both civil and military are more likely to be valued and cultivated by the imperial court
。 From the point of view of career promotion, the promotion speed of people who are both civil and military is also faster than that of simple martial arts.
The candidates for the regular examination can be divided into two kinds of students, namely: students and tributes. The students who were born in Liangzhou Academy are apprentices; Students who came from private schools under the rule of the Liangzhou Army, or from other states and counties, were Gongsheng. Here, Li Mu completely applied the provisions of Tang Gaozong's imperial examination system.
The process of taking the imperial examination can be divided into the township examination, the meeting examination, and the palace examination.
Township examinations are held in each state. The examination questions will be issued by the imperial court. The officials who presided over the township examination were invigilated by officials temporarily appointed by the imperial court. In this way, favoritism can be avoided to a certain extent. The township test is held every two years, and changes can also be made during special periods.
The time of the township examination is August in the autumn of that year, and there will be one examination on the ninth day of August, the twelfth day of August, and the thirteenth day of August. Therefore, it is called autumn.
Township examination middle school students, called lifting, commonly known as filial piety. The first place is called Xie Yuan. In the township examination, it is called the B list, also known as the B branch. When the list is released, it is the time when the osmanthus is fragrant, so it is also called the laurel list.
The examination is held in the capital. It is also the examination questions unified by the imperial court. The national examination is held in the spring of February of the second year after the end of the township examination, so it is called the spring of the year.
The examination was also held in three sessions, on the 9th, 12th and 15th of February. In general, the chief examiner is also an official temporarily appointed by the imperial court. The examiner is called the president, also known as the seat master or seat master. In the examination, it is called Gongshi, commonly known as tribute, also known as Mingjing, and the first name is Huiyuan.
The temple examination is held on the first day of the third month of the year following the examination. The test taker is a tribute. The tributes did not fail in the palace examination, but the emperor rearranged the ranking.
The palace examination was presided over by the emperor himself, and only one was examined. After the palace examination, the paper is read the next day, and the list is released the next day.
Gongsheng is admitted into three grades, one and three first, and the first name is the champion and the first one; The second place is on the list, and the third place is Tanhua, collectively known as Sanding Jia.
The second class is given the birth of a jinshi, and the third class is given the same birth of a jinshi. The first place in the second and third grades is called Chuanyu. The first, second, and third class are commonly known as Jinshi. The Jinshi list is called the first list, or the first branch. The Jinshi list is written on yellow paper, so it is called Huangjia, also known as the gold list, and the Jinshi is called the title of the gold list.
After the palace examination, whether it is the champion, the top eye, the tanhua, or the ordinary jinshi, they all need to take an exam.
Those who pass the test can be directly awarded official positions. These official positions can be Beijing officials or local officials. Those who are not qualified can only be delegated to the county seat and serve as a subordinate official of the county order.
Of course, those who pass the examination after the palace examination will be promoted much faster than those who fail to pass the examination.
The process of taking scholars in the imperial examination, Li Mu borrowed from the imperial examination regulations of the Ming Dynasty.
It took three quarters of an hour for Li Mu to explain clearly the various regulations on the selection of scholars in the imperial examination.