Chapter 50: The Prime Minister's Talent
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Before he met Cai Ying, Cai Ying in Zhao Ding's heart was a rebellious young man (Zhao Ding is now thirty-four years old, and his sons are all the same age as Cai Ying), otherwise how could Cai still do the ridiculous thing of abandoning literature and martial arts?
After a short contact with Cai Ying, Zhao Ding felt that Cai was still a stunned young man, and even his superiors dared to criticize him.
But after having an in-depth conversation with Cai Ying, Zhao Ding found out that he was wrong, very wrong, and Cai Yingzhi's talent was probably much higher than anyone he knew, including himself!
“…… Deregulating scarce resources and allowing them to trade freely in a competitive market is undoubtedly the most effective way to optimize the allocation of resources.
The DPRK's open land policy has indeed promoted economic development to a great extent. Compared to the Tang Dynasty, the grain production of this dynasty has increased considerably. The reasons are: first, the imperial court's recognition of private ownership of land and the encouragement of reclamation prompted farmers to reclaim a large amount of wasteland, so that the area of cultivated land surged; second, the competition between landowners, which has led to the continuous creation and adoption of advanced production technologies; Third, the improvement of the tenant system has enabled smallholder farmers to obtain the means of production at a lower cost and to bear risks has also improved. In short, the owners of the means of production actively expand production and update technology for their own benefit, and the result is an increase in the wealth of society as a whole and the development of science and technology. And the imperial court continued to knock on the side, further pushing the dynasty to the peak of material prosperity.
The positive impact of the dynasty's land policy was not limited to agricultural production. In order to solve this problem, the imperial court actively developed industries such as industry and commerce, mining, textiles, and processing industries, which further led to the prosperity of the commodity economy.
It's just that land annexation is often the trigger for the outbreak of peasant riots, so the successive dynasties will vigorously curb the phenomenon of annexation, this dynasty has produced a lot of outstanding people, and the policies they formulated have alleviated the social contradictions brought about by land annexation to a certain extent, but this is only a relief after all, not a complete solution to this contradiction, so this contradiction will break out sooner or later, in fact, now this contradiction should have reached the verge of breaking out, and the Song Jiang riot is the signal ......"
In order to convince Zhao Ding, Cai still did his best, not only told Zhao Ding a lot of insights beyond this era, but also took out the fundamental problems and fundamental contradictions of the Northern Song Dynasty and analyzed them to Zhao Ding.
This made Zhao Ding fascinated, and many problems that he couldn't figure out before were solved.
Zhao Ding asked in an inquiring tone: "I wonder if Ziyin has a solution to the problems caused by land annexation?" ”
Cai still said: "There is no way to solve it thoroughly, it should be said that there are no such conditions at present, and I have some ways to alleviate it." ”
"Some?"
Zhao Ding was in awe!
He only has a vague idea, but Cai still has some, and the gap is too big!
Cai still said: "Today is limited, I will only tell you three...... The first is to promulgate new laws to clear the land and expand the scope of tax collection, so that the tax is relatively equal. In addition, the tax will be uniformly assigned to limit harshness and make taxes stable. At the same time, the money will be levied on the mu, and the official will be relieved, so that the collection method will be more complete......"
The first method that Cai still said was a whip method proposed by Gui Cao in the tenth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, and then promoted to the whole country by Zhang Juzheng in the ninth year of Wanli.
A whip law is an epoch-making event in the history of China's servitude system, which changed the form of collection parallel to "fu" and "servitude" in previous dynasties, unified the service law, simplified the servitude system, marked the change of taxation from physical to currency, and the types of taxation from complicated to simple, and also cracked down on large landowners who owned a large amount of land.
Only listened to Cai Ying's whip method, Zhao Ding, who knew the goods, secretly applauded, and he said in his heart: "This method is absolutely amazing, if you can change according to this law, you can definitely create another prosperous era!" ”
After Zhao Dingzai carefully consulted Cai still with a whip method, Cai still said: "This second method, stipulated by the imperial court, is used as a fixed number of people to levy the Ding tax, and in the future, it will breed people and never increase the tax, abolish the poll tax of the new population, and then implement the apportionment of the Ding into the mu, and evenly distribute the fixed Ding tax into the field endowment, collect a unified land fee, and no longer levy the Ding tax on people......
The second method that Cai still said is that the Qing Dynasty government incorporated the Ding Yin that had been along the lines of the Qing Dynasty into a tax system levied on the field, that is, apportioning the ding into the mu, also known as the integration of the ding into the land and the integration of the land.
This is an important reform of the servitude system in the later period of China's feudal society, it is the real abolition of the poll tax (Ding tax) that has been practiced in China for more than 2,000 years, the implementation of this system can greatly reduce the economic burden of landless and landless peasants, promote population growth, and after the laborers have greater freedom in life, it is also conducive to social and economic development, and the simplification of tax rules reduces the possibility of the government arbitrarily raising taxes in a sloppy manner.
Hearing Cai Ying's paving into the mu, Zhao Ding actually had a trace of jealousy in his heart, especially when he saw Cai Zhen's incomparably young face, he said in his heart: "There is such a genius in this world!" ”
Zhao Ding quickly suppressed the jealousy in his heart, and then carefully asked Cai still about the details of the stall.
After Zhao Ding squeezed out the method of apportioning the land into the mu that Cai still knew, Cai still took the initiative to say: "This third method is to change the tax. ”
Zhao Ding asked: "Change the tax? How to change? ”
Cai still said: "This is a long story, time is limited, I will briefly tell you about two tax laws...... The first is stamp duty, which is a tax levied on documents such as contracts, vouchers, documents, books, and licenses......"
Zhao Ding is so smart, before Cai still finished speaking, he slapped his thigh and said: "The businessman is willing, the tax period is wide, the cost is low, and he kills three birds with one stone, Brother Cai Xian is really a peerless genius!" ”
Cai is still convincing Zhao Ding now, and is ready to accept Zhao Ding for his own use in the future, how can he be modest?
He added: "This second type of tax is the inheritance tax, which is a tax levied on the heirs and legatees of the estate based on the property left behind by the decedent after his death......
After Zhao Dingzai listened carefully, he couldn't feel any jealousy of Cai anymore.
Zhao Ding quickly figured out the cleverness of this inheritance tax, which can not only effectively adjust the gap between the rich and the poor, but also complement the stamp duty, and if these two taxes are used well, they can definitely make the imperial court richer.
Zhao Ding said in his heart: "It is said that Taishi Cai is the God of Wealth, and that is because Cai Ziyin has not yet shown his talent, otherwise the name of the God of Wealth will never fall on the head of Taishi Cai." ”
Thinking of this, Zhao Dingchong Cai still bowed solemnly, and said sincerely and convincingly: "Ziyin really has the talent of a prime minister!" ”
As soon as Zhao Ding said this, before Cai Ying could react, the eyes of a beautiful woman in the distance who had listened to Cai Ying and Zhao Ding for a long time lit up, and then she said a few words to the personal maid beside her, and the maid walked straight to Cai Ying......
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