The power of example is endless.

This sentence is replaced by another way of saying that people can see their own shadow in the body of the role model.

The 15 people who were elected by the people who went to Dongguan County to make trouble with the peasants basically covered the middle and low levels in the townships and towns. People can find their own samples to refer to.

From tenants, to yeoman farmers, to small landlords with more than a dozen acres of land, and two fifty or sixty-year-old Budi Xiucai, that is, Fan Jin, who relied on the land donated by others, these people were sung one by one about the taxes they should pay, and it can be said that some people were happy and some people were sad.

"It doesn't make sense! Where is the decency of the reader? Why does the old man have to pay so much money and grain for the land in his name? An old man shook his gray beard, and the spit almost flew into the face of the team member.

"Old gentleman, you have a good look, the marshal's document is clearly written." The young man with fluff on his lips refused to show weakness at all, and his heart was full of contempt for the two sour and rotten talents in front of him, what was the big deal? What about the Four Books and the Five Classics that I have read for decades?

According to the regulations promulgated by Shouhan, where there is land for rent, or if it is beyond the cultivation capacity of himself and his family, the landlord must pay more than double the amount of grain exported, and the amount of land is constantly increasing.

"The hundreds of acres of land in your name have completely exceeded your own ration standard, and according to the documents of the commander, you belong to the people who depend on the land for their livelihood, and should not be charged according to the policy of collecting five percent of the field tax for growing grain crops. According to the amount of land you own, at least you should be expropriated at the rate of 20 percent. ”

"You guys! This, this...... Insulting Sven! The old man wants to go to the provincial capital and go to the Confucian Temple to cry! ”

"It's useless to sue wherever you go! Tell you the truth, you just go to the capital to sue the emperor, and a submission from my lord can take your life! Another member of the task force was already disgusted by this kind of desperate method of crying, making trouble and hanging himself, and coldly mocked these two characters who did not know whether they were prisoners or tribute students.

"I have already had a clear training for Taizu, and the military and civilians can be controlled in Beijing, but the students cannot! The two of them honestly paid money and grain according to this standard in Guangdong. Or do you want to send a head to the capital all the way? ”

"You guys! You guys! False pretenses. Insult Sven! Today's events, the saints will also cry and Jiuquan when they hear it! A Xiucai with little hair left trembled in anger, and pointed at the people in front of him with his index and middle fingers.

"Saints? Weeping under the Nine Springs? Not really! "The team member who is so angry that Xiucai is about to lose his breath, I am afraid that this Xiucai will not die. Simply jumped onto the table. "Rank folks. Uncle has something to say, wherever this new tax system is implemented, it is necessary to open a school. All children over the age of seven must be sent to the school to study. The textbooks, pens, ink, paper and other materials needed for reading are all borne by the marshal. Each child is given one lunch per day. Anyone who dares not to send his children to school will be punished twice as much as all taxes! ”

There was another exclamation from the crowd.

Where to find such good things? Even if it is a Confucian saint, when he opened a pulpit to teach, he said that "there is no class in teaching", but everyone who came to study had to hand over thirty pieces of dried meat, and in the Spring and Autumn Period, those who could have meat to eat were nobles, not to mention those who could have dried meat to pay for tuition?

Now that the official family has come forward to run a school, they don't charge tuition, they have to pay for their children's textbooks, pen and ink, and take care of a lunch, there are such good things, they don't go to participate in one quickly, but they come out to fight against it, and they pay more than double their taxes for what irrelevant, isn't this a head kicked by a donkey?

Seeing that the foundation of their survival was torn clean one by one, like a shriveled old woman, naked in broad daylight, unable to attract everyone's attention, the two old prisoners could no longer contain the grief and disappointment in their hearts, so they simply sat on the ground and cried loudly, crying and complaining non-stop, from the ancestors and ancestors to the holy ancestors.

The so-called contribution, in fact, is that the common people entrusted their land and property to the names of nobles, officials and gentry to reduce the servitude. There was a strange phenomenon in the Ming Dynasty, that is, the common people took the initiative to donate their land to the nobles. The root cause of this strange phenomenon is still in the unique tax and conscription system of the Ming Dynasty.

In the Ming Dynasty, the weight of conscription even exceeded the tax grain. However, the royal palace and the noble Zhuangtian enjoy preferential exemptions. Once they become their tenants, they can be exempted from state service under their shadow. Peasants, and even small and medium-sized landlords, who had no way out, often "threw their land and property into the palace to insinuate in the hope of alluding" or "surrendered their children" to serve as slaves. There are also those who donate because of land disputes or uneven sales, "some soldiers and civilians are unclear because of the dispute between the two families, or they buy it first, and the price is low, and they all offer it to the palace in a hazy way." The people who surrendered to him were afraid to fill the army as usual, but they still pawned and sold the deed as a cover-up." In order to attract peasants to donate their land, some magnates sometimes levy grains at a price lower than the state tax on grain. Yunnan Qianguo Gongmu Mansion once did this, so that "donors followed".

And the gentry other than the nobility were also a privileged class. On the ladder of rank, although they were lower than the nobles, they were higher than the common people. In terms of political status, they are "officials" and "gentry", so they are called "official registration", "official household", and "official Jia" in the household registration, which is completely different from the common people without status. The law of the Ming Dynasty strictly stipulates that "the rich and the poor" must not "transgress the etiquette"; The common people are not allowed to be called officials without authorization, and "whoever is called, the recipient shall be guilty of a crime." The officials and gentry, by virtue of their noble status and power, "regarded the people as weak meat" and "accepted the sacrifice of traitors". At that time, "as soon as a scholar ascended to the countryside, he was sacrificed to the rich." ”

They also enjoy preferential rights in terms of economic status. Unlike the aristocratic preferential exemption, they are exempt from the quota of goods. In the Ming Dynasty, the preferential exemption system for the gentry became more and more complete. During the Hongwu period, it was stipulated that the homes of the current officials were "exempt from forced labor"; Zhishi officials "return to their homes and have nothing to do with them for life"; Except for the exemption of the students themselves. Preferential exemption for indoors. After the middle of the century, it developed into "free grain for products" or "free for fields". Taking the "Preferential Exemption Rules" in the 38th year of Wanli as an example, the current Beijing official Jiake is exempt from 10,000 mu of first-grade free land, and the following decreases to 2,700 mu of eight-grade free land, and the reduction of foreign officials is halved, and the official exemption of Zhishi Township is 6/10 of this product, and the maximum of 3,350 mu of preferential and exempt land of Weishi squires is 3,350 mu, and the number of students and supervisors is 80 mu.

So, these students. That is, the talents. Even if you can't pass the exam in your life, you can live a good life in your hometown by relying on this policy preference. However, now this basis for their survival is gone, and it can be used to monopolize culture and education. The basis for controlling public opinion is also about to be gone. Once compulsory education is universalized. Find any person who is literate and hyphenated, can write and calculate, and their so-called superiority of readers. Where to find it?

Ignoring their tears and rolling on the floor, people crowded around the table, either around the fifteen people they knew were similar to their own situation, or crowded in front of the team members and blushing and arguing with the people around them about their situation, hoping to get an authoritative answer from here.

Originally, it was a rally for the Nanyue Army to find awkward troubles and hand over farmers, but in a blink of an eye, it became a propaganda and promotion meeting for the new tax system of the Nanyue Army.

However, another group of people held the hand of Hong Yilin, who had just come out of the county town, and they had their own questions to ask.

"Brother Hong, the land handed down from our ancestors was sacrificed to that one by my family a few years ago because the money and grain taxes were too heavy," someone pointed to a Xiucai who was crying with snot and tears all over his face, and his tone was full of disdain, "I paid him more than ten years of money and grain in vain, it was originally my family's land, why should I pay him money and grain?" ”

"That's it! We just want to ask, how should this donated land be counted?! ”

"Can we get our ancestral property back?"

These people make up a large part of the number of people who come to the peasants. Since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, land annexation has intensified. If it is a simple purchase of land, the key is that a large amount of land is in the form of tongguò and the so-called public land rewarded by the tongguò system is gradually concentrated in the hands of a small number of people.

There are not only the nobles who have followed the Zhu family's father and son for two generations to fight the world, but also officials and gentry from all over the world. It can be said that in the late Ming Dynasty, the collapse of the financial system of the Ming court had a lot to do with this situation.

From Chenghua to Zhengde, the so-called land grabbing of civil land with open fire has entered a peak, and between Chenghua and Hongzhi, the number of requests for gifts is increasing, and the scale is getting bigger and bigger. Zhu Jianyan, the king of Germany, successively granted his request 4,100,000 hectares of land in Shouzhang and other counties in Shandong, more than 700 hectares of fields in Qinghe County, Guangping, and Baiyun Lake, Jingyang Lake, and Guangping Lake in Shandong, and more than 400 hectares of "idle land" in Xincheng, Boxing, and Gaoyuan counties. King Ji Zhu Jianjun took Changsha and allocated more than 1,290 hectares of land to the eight counties of Changsha. Xingxian Wang Zhu Youqi on the lake Guang'an land, gave more than 5,000 hectares of farmland. King Zhou Gong was the heir of the throne and gave more than 5,200 acres of land. Chongwang Zhu Jianze was in Runing, and the land given before and after has reached 10,000 hectares. Rong Wang Zhu Youshu was in Changde, giving 2,000 hectares of land and 800 miles of mountains. During the Jiajing Wanli period, the royal family and the noble ministers' request activities reached the height of madness. Zhu Zaizhen, the king of Jing, went to Fanhu Guangde'an, "please Zhuang Tian more, and give it to him", and gave 40,000 hectares of land. Zhu Yiyi, the king of Lu, went to the domain of Weihui and asked for more "no one who should not"; King Jing was excepted, and his former hometown Zhuangtian was also given. Zhu Changxun, the king of Fu, went to Luoyang, aided the king of Lu, and asked for 40,000 hectares of Zhuangtian, and the courtiers fought hard to reduce it to 20,000 hectares.

The royal family wantonly looted the land, and those high-ranking officials in the court were also unwilling to be left behind. Zhang Cai, the leader of the Restoration Society, once described the atmosphere of Jiangnan Shi Dafu receiving dedication: "Those who go to the township and will be listed, and those who do not succeed will submit their own books, wait for the Jieqi to ride to the direction, and enter the gold name to take refuge." Most of the slaves who entered the Jin Dai did not have a dry field house, otherwise they were slaves who betrayed their masters, and coerced the old master of the field houses, and said to surrender. Then the group does not go to the countryside at the rate of the phase, the number of horses is twenty or thirty, the field is signed with a poplar trunk, a certain office or a certain house photo, four to the surrounding, said to be a nail. The house is sealed with a large seal, and a certain house is sealed for a few months and a few months on the book. Civilians are washed and the soldiers are burned. ”

Xu Jie, a scholar of Shoufu University who once left a name in history for overthrowing Yan Song's father and son, has 240,000 acres of land in his hometown of Songjiang Mansion, with 10,000 tenants and thousands of family members. His family was "half-pretended"; It is difficult to ascertain how much of his land was donated by the donation.

Xu Jie's fellow Songjiang townsman left a great name in the history of Chinese culture with his hand-held Danqing calligraphy, Dong Qichang, an official to the Ministry of Rites, is also in Songjiang's hometown. The tax loss is only three points; 100 cruise ships, most of which take refuge; take in the slaves of the traitors, and the inheritance of the world will be confiscated." Those who "take refuge" and "confiscate" are contributions. So much so that there is a folk song in Songjiang Mansion that says: "If you want Su Minkang, kill Dong Qichang first!" ”

At this time, Qian Qianyi, who lived in Changshu's home, was too cold to live in Qianqianyi, known as the leader of Donglin and known as a celebrity, but he also followed in the footsteps of the sages in plundering the land. Through guò all kinds of cunning and plundering means to seize the land.

The southern, northern, and sixty-three provinces of the Ming Dynasty. Throw away the Toast jurisdiction. In addition to the land of the military tun, the nobles, and the official gentry, how many yeoman farmers are there? What's more, there is a whip law next to it?

The more land and population the official wants to control, the less the state can control. And the taxes, grains, and taxes levied by the imperial court not only did not decrease because of this. On the contrary, it is increasing day by day. Such. The feudal obligations of the land and population to the state were passed on to the existing peasants who had not yet been surrendered, thus greatly increasing their burden.

According to the doctrine of the old man Ma. This not only exacerbated the increasingly acute class contradictions after the middle of the Ming Dynasty, but also deepened the contradictions between the landlords with political status and the ordinary common landlords, because although the common landlords had to rely on the exploitation of land rent from tenant farmers, they also suffered from the bullying of the landlords, and sometimes they could not escape the doom of surrender.

If you lose control over your land and people, you lose your source of taxes and labor, resulting in a financial crisis. Zhang Juzheng's "private family is getting rich, the office is getting poor, and the country is poor and the people are poor", which is a true portrayal of the economic situation in the late Ming Dynasty. (Oh, Zhang Juzheng is embarrassed to say that?) Didn't he also make full use of the loopholes in the system to his own benefit? ）

Therefore, it is not surprising that in the ever-increasing ranks of bankrupt peasants, there are a few Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong.

"If the land donated by the two Guangguang is not in accordance with the system of the ancestors and ancestors, the original owner of the land is allowed to take it back for cultivation without compensation. The gentry who have been consecrated shall not be hindered. ”

"The people who take back the donated land must have the property certificate of the original land and have more than 15 households in the same village as a guarantee. If there is no voucher or the voucher is lost, it can only be retrieved if there are more than 30 households as collateral. ”

This is how the opinions of the peasants on the disposal of the donated land are written in the Shouhan article.

After listening to Hong Yilin's recitation in Cantonese official dialect and explanation in Dongguan dialect, the peasants present who had donated their land fell to their knees one after another, looked in the direction of Guangzhou, and kowtowed.

"Uncle, great benefactor!"

"Uncle has a long life, and his children and grandchildren are rich and prosperous!"

"Long live the Ming Emperor!"

The cheers of the people were accompanied by the cries of those whose families had donated land and so-called domestic slaves.

This practice of Shouhan is undoubtedly to take away the land and population that they regard as their own property.

Some people kowtow more than in the direction of Guangzhou, where the Shouhan Festival is located, and some people hold dragon cards in their hands, kowtow to the north and bleed, and they can't stop shouting and cursing to Li Shouhan, who deprived him of his property and domestic slaves.

"Fuck you!"

For Hong Yilin, it's okay for you to scold him, you can even fight him, and after the matter passes, he will laugh and grudge. However, these people insulted Li Shouhan and the ancestors of the Li family uncleanly, and at the same time brought in all the soldiers of the Nanyue Army, which is intolerable.

"Someone! Take! ”

He waved his hand and summoned dozens of soldiers guarding the guards, as well as more than 100 people, and surrounded those students who insulted Li Shouhan and the Nanyue Army, and the small officials with unpopular reputations.

"Hit someone!"

In the crowd, the leaders of the survival hall immediately shouted loudly when they saw this, and they were still discussing how to get their fields back, what could they buy after everyone sold the surplus grain after the taxes were paid twice for this year's summer grain and autumn grain, or a few families united to buy some farm tools, etc., and were suddenly frightened by the blood and chaos.

"The officers and soldiers are going to take people! Run away, everyone! ”

Several leaders were afraid that the world would not be chaotic, and shouted loudly in the crowd, creating even greater chaos.

"Run!"

From the east and west sides of Chengguan Town, along the official road and the riverside, more than a dozen banners of the Nanyue Army galloped in the autumn wind and twilight. Under the banner, there was a battalion or so of men and horses in each direction moving rapidly towards the county seat.

It was the men and horses of the 11th Regiment of the 6th Garrison Brigade stationed nearby.

A team of more than 1,000 people galloped like the wind, and in a blink of an eye, the people who were about to flee circled in a large circle from afar.

The two battalions of men and horses who came from afar came quickly after receiving a letter of help from Dongguan County, and everyone was in the same vein as the Nanyue Army, but there was no problem that the Ming Army in the mainland could not be saved. Hearing that a group of people did not know what purpose they were surrounding Dongguan County, the officers who were eager to make meritorious contributions immediately gathered their troops, reported to the brigade headquarters, and came with reinforcements all the way.

Looking at the shining thorns on the firecrackers in the hands of the sergeant of the garrison brigade in front of him, the peasants, who had already been chaotic like the swarm of bees that had blown up their nests, could not restrain the fear in their hearts, and a few young men who were running in the head threw the hoes, shovels, and wooden shovels in their hands, turned around and ran to a deserted place with few people.

They ran even more incredible, the crowd exploded with a bang, and all of them ran backwards in the same way, some of them were dizzy, and even fled to both sides, they didn't argue in their direction, and they didn't know where they were going.

In the chaos, some people were crushed and stepped on, and screams followed.

Several leaders of the "Survival Hall" were stunned for a while when they saw this chaos, and immediately felt a burst of joy in their hearts, the more chaotic they were, the better they could escape.

After a while, it disappeared into the crowd.

The encirclement is shrinking smaller and smaller.

"Lao Hong, brother came quickly, right?" The two battalion officers who led the team smiled on their horses and shouted to Hong Yilin, who was shouting in the crowd to stop the momentum of people running around and bumping around, and Hong Yilin, who was so angry and busy, grabbed the loudspeaker in the hands of the people next to him and scolded the two: "Lose your old mother!" Quickly stop the brothers and pull the cordon, or someone will be trampled to death in a while! ”

The sharp and high-pitched horn sounded, and the sergeants of the garrison brigade who had opened the formation and rushed to the ground stopped at the sound of their respective officers' orders, and slowly opened a line to surround the people who were about to escape.

Although no one was trampled to death, more than 100 people were injured by being crushed and trampled.

Hong Yilin ordered people to invite the bone-setting doctors in the county seat and town to diagnose the injured people, and at the same time began to screen the people who were surrounded by the encirclement, and strictly investigated who organized the incident of fighting the city and handing over the peasants. (To be continued......)

PS: These chapters are a bit dry and tasteless, but they are a very important part. If this is not done, it will be difficult for pig's feet to turn Liangguang and Fujian into their own iron buckets. It will also repeat the mistakes of the previous regimes, and the power will not be lower than the county. This is very detrimental to the expansion of the pig's feet and the future development of the plot.