Chapter 538: Political Changes in Germany
If Italy, in the case of Eder's order for Libyan oil, was in good shape and had the capacity to expand its armaments, then Germany in 1930 was in mourning.
With the implementation of the Dawes plan, American capital was heavily invested in Germany. Between 1924 and 1929, Britain and the United States and other countries provided loans to Germany amounting to 32.6 billion marks, 70% of which were provided by the United States. The outbreak of the economic crisis caused the United States to withdraw investment in Germany, so the economy that had been improving was paralyzed with the withdrawal of American investment.
During the economic crisis, its industrial production plummeted. From 1929 to 1932, coal production decreased by 32.7%, pig iron production decreased by 70.3%, steel output decreased by 64.9%, the output value of machine manufacturing industry decreased by 62.1%, and power generation decreased by 23.4%. The total value of industrial production fell by about 40%, the production of means of production decreased by 53%, the production of consumer goods fell by 25.3%, the total export volume decreased by 69.1%, the total import volume decreased by 70.8%, and the treasury gold reserves fell sharply by 4/5.
At the same time, the average number of working hours was reduced by about 47%, and in the construction industry, the number of working hours was reduced by about 66%. The number of workers in various industries has been greatly reduced, including about 64% in the steel, machinery and power industries, and about 47% in the hard coal mining industry.
The economic crisis has had a catastrophic impact on the lives of the working class. The number of unemployed is increasing rapidly. In September 1929, the number of unemployed was 1.3 million, a year later it reached 3 million, in September 1931 it rose to 4.3512, and in February 1932 the number of unemployed reached 8 million, except for a few million people working on temporary occasions. Unemployment benefits fluctuate between DM 16.44 (large cities) and DM 13.14 (small cities) per week. Only 82 per cent of registered unemployed persons are able to receive unemployment benefits, which is not enough to provide them with food and clothing.
The economic crisis also dealt a heavy blow to the urban and rural petty bourgeoisie. During the economic crisis, the economic position of urban small traders, small business owners, and artisans was volatile. Many factories have closed down, and small and medium-sized enterprises have gone bankrupt in large numbers.
According to official German statistics, the total number of factory closures nearly doubled from 10,595 to 19,254 between 1928 and 1931. During the same period, the total number of factories consolidated annually increased from 3,147 to 8,628, an almost twofold increase. Among them, the situation of individual traders was very difficult, in 1931 6,664 shops closed and 3,581 were forced to merge.
The loss of millions of jobs has put the German economy in a difficult situation, and many have been disappointed by the Weimar government's inability to do anything about the near-collapse economy.
At this time, Hitler's ****** Workers' Party took the opportunity to shout, "Let every German household have milk and bread on the table." Such an inspiring slogan naturally gives it enough supporters.
In the 1930 Reichstag election, the ****** German Workers' Party, represented by Hitler, won a total of more than 6.4 million votes, accounting for 1/4 of the number of ** parties in the Reichstag. In the previous 1928 parliamentary election, the ****** German Workers' Party won only 810,000 votes, and such a rapid growth surprised everyone.
When the news of the results of the parliamentary elections reached the Brown Palace, the party's newly established headquarters, almost everyone cheered. And the only one who didn't cheer for it was its leader, Hitler.
"What's wrong with you, leader?"
His admirer, Hess, was the first to notice Hitler's anomaly, and he hurriedly walked over and asked. "Leader, what's wrong with you?"
"The result of this election is very unexpected, I didn't expect so many people to support us, it seems that we are not far from being in power."
Seeing that Hitler, after hearing about such an excellent election result, still did not forget to think about the future. Hess was deeply impressed.
I saw Hitler continue. "But the popular vote alone will not allow our party to govern, and the next step is to win over the factory owners and the Junkers to gain real power."
It can be seen that Hitler had a clear idea of what to do to be worthy of Germany, and knew what to do to pave the way for it. And the abnormality of the two soon attracted the attention of others, only to see Goering, the fat man, pulling up Hitler and saying. "Leader, you can't miss today's party."
Goering's words also aroused other approvals, and Röhm, Goebbels, Himmler and others also spoke one after another.
"Yes, Leader. You can't be absent. ”
Hitler did not expect so many votes in this election, and that was because he underestimated the losses suffered by the petty bourgeoisie in this economic crisis. In the eyes of the general public, German industry is mainly composed of industrial monopolies of the Konzern enterprises. That's right, these companies play a huge role in heavy industry, and Moltke, Krupp, Farben Chemical, and other companies are among the best.
However, although it has a monopoly in heavy industry, it cannot do so in light industry. Monopolies have also emerged in the light industry and food processing sectors, but they are mainly lower-level forms of monopoly cartels that maintain independence in production and are united by small and medium-sized enterprises.
In the textile, food processing, papermaking, leather and other sectors, there has always been a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises, including the factory handicraft industry, traditional industry, and peasant cottage industry of early capitalism.
According to statistics, between 1882 and 1895, the number of large enterprises (more than 50 people) in the German food processing industry increased from 1,125 to 1,826, and the number of employees increased from 148512 to 246,490. The number of small and medium-sized enterprises (small enterprises with no more than 5 employees) has increased from 244161 to 268145, and the number of employees has increased from 595369 to 775,000.
In the German countryside, due to the German road, agrarian capitalism developed slowly, and at the same time as the Junkers landlord estates existed, there was also a large economy of small and medium-sized peasants. According to 1925 statistics, there were 3046302 small farms operating less than 20 hectares of land, accounting for 47.2% of the total area of agricultural operations.
There are 199825 large farms operating 20-100 hectares of land, accounting for 26.4% of the total agricultural area. There are 18,671 Junker landlord estates operating more than 100 hectares of land, accounting for 20.2% of the total agricultural area.
The advent of the economic crisis also dealt a heavy blow to the petty bourgeoisie in the urban and rural areas. During the economic crisis, the economic position of urban small traders, small business owners, and artisans was volatile. Many factories have closed down, and small and medium-sized enterprises have gone bankrupt in large numbers.
According to German official statistics, the total number of factory closures rose from 10,595 to 17,254 from 1928 to 1930, an increase of seven floors. During the same period, the total number of factories consolidated annually increased from 3,147 to 8,628, an almost twofold increase. Among them, the situation of individual traders was very difficult, in 1930 5,172 shops closed and 2,781 were forced to merge.
Just as the economic and social position of the petty bourgeoisie was seriously threatened, it became disillusioned with the republican system and gradually broke away from the traditional bourgeois parties and looked for a way out. And the propaganda slogans of the German Workers' Party attracted just these people.
That's why this election turned Hitler's Workers' Party into one of the major political parties in Germany. With such obvious effects, it would have been a crime for Hitler not to seize such an opportunity.