Bearing.

One of the greatest inventions of the pre-nineteenth century mechanical age.

As one of the most important components in machinery and equipment, almost any machinery in later generations is inseparable from the operation of bearings.

Perhaps this will make people feel that the bearings are very tall, super high-tech, and super modern.

But in fact, among later archaeological inventions, the Italians found that there were already early examples of ball bearings on an ancient Roman ship built in 40 BC at Lake Nami: a wooden ball bearing was used to support a rotating tabletop.

It is important, but it is only the most basic operating system of mechanical parts.

To put it bluntly, the principle of operation of this thing is very simple.

For example, if you put a row of rounded logs under the planks to reduce the friction between the planks and the ground, then the planks and the logs underneath can be called bearings, albeit in a simple version.

In fact, this primitive bearing principle was used by the ancient Egyptians as early as BC to carry the huge stones used in the construction of pyramids.

In China, this method was also used for transportation by the intelligent working people, but later this primitive version of the simple bearing was replaced by a 'more advanced' horse-drawn carriage.

Rolling timber developed into the wheels of horse-drawn carriages, planks were 'sublimated' into all sorts of sturdy and beautiful carriages, and the true essence of the bearing principle was discarded and no longer studied.

Originally, bearings, an industrial product, would not have appeared in the minds of Han Rui, a herdsman in his previous life.

But during the battle of defending the clouds, Han Rui saw that the boulders and rolling logs used for close attacks were actually pulled up by the ropes dropped from the city wall, and even simply resisted by manpower!

As a folk husband, Han Rui can't avoid this kind of heavy work.

After experiencing the miserable life of raising the sword to kill the enemy and putting down the sword to carry the stone and wood, the first thing that popped up in Han Rui's mind was the pulley.

Pulleys to be exact.

It is a simple machine that is fixed with some simple wooden brackets and is composed of a large number of fixed pulleys and a certain number of movable pulleys in a specific position according to scientific kinetic calculations.

According to Newton's law of conservation of energy, each movable pulley can reduce the work of the entire mechanical group by one-half, that is, by half.

For example, if you want to hold a one-ton load of goods with a single-action pulley, you need to use 500 kilograms of force.

And if there were two movable pulleys, it would be two hundred and fifty kilograms; Three is one hundred and twenty-five kilograms, and so on.

Theoretically, if you can make a block of 10 moving pulleys in the whole system, then you only need to use less than a kilogram of force to lift this one-ton object.

In other words, with this mechanical pulley set of ten moving pulleys, you can pull up this one-ton object with a rope with the same amount of effort as holding two bottles of drink.

Of course, Newton's laws are not fairy spells and follow the conservation of energy; Therefore, while the pulley block reduces the force required to carry the object, it also increases the volume occupied by the whole machine, that is, the space occupied.

Although Han Rui was just a herdsman in his previous life, in that generation of twelve years of compulsory education, he still went to a three-book pheasant university.

Although the four years were basically mixed up with eating, drinking and having fun, as a science student, Han Rui still knows that there is no technical content in the pulley, and even the teacher is reluctant to use such a simple content as an exam question - as long as it is not a test, the scumbag will generally be!

At that time, he suggested making such a pulley set to move stones and trees on the city wall, which was adopted by the guards.

But when it came to actual operation, Han Rui failed.

There are two reasons for this.

First, there are no qualified pulleys.

The pulley needs to be round enough, hollowed out in the middle to pass through the rope, and there must be grooves on the outside to hold the rope, but rummaging through the entire Cloud City, Han Rui can't find a single one that can be used—no one will make the expensive iron material at this time into a 'useless' thing.

Second, there are no bearings.

Han Rui, who couldn't find the iron pulley, whimsically thought that the wooden pulley was also feasible, so he asked people to hand-carve the wood into the shape they needed.

However, the rough surface of the wood made the friction coefficient rise sharply, and the wooden thorns outside the hemp rope and pulley gave way to the people who pulled the ropes on the city wall, and they all threw down the pulley set made by Han Rui, preferring to carry the stone and wood on their backs to the city wall.

In desperation, Han Rui had no choice but to continue to work as a hard-working porter, but he wrote down the matter in his heart.

Later, the war broke out, and after the war, Han Rui was injured and fainted, and after waking up, there were a lot of things, so the matter was delayed.

It wasn't until he was released by Luan's mother, and was stared at by Luan Yijing at the door and refused to go out, that Han Rui, who was idle, was bored that he remembered the bearing again.

Industrial bearings, the principle is the same as the combination of wood and hobbing, with two iron rings, one large and one small, and more than a dozen iron balls.

The small iron has an external groove, and the large iron ring is the inside; Then put an iron ball in the groove between the two iron rings, let the three objects be fixed, and it is completed.

In this way, even if the inner iron ring is fixed, the relationship between him and the outer iron ring has changed from rubbing against each other to the rolling of the iron ball between the two rings, and then rubbing some grease on the iron ball from time to time, and the friction force is almost non-existent.

The made bearings can be used as pulleys to carry heavy loads.

However, Han Rui thought about it carefully, it was not the poor people or the country who carried heavy loads - the poor did not have much money, and the country's money was not so easy to earn.

Han Rui put his mind on the rich man.

Same as the famous 'car, house, and money' in the future, at this time, a person's wealth is also measured by whether he has a car, a house, and money.

It's just a car, and in this generation it's a horse-drawn carriage.

In this day and age, how do you describe a person who is very, very rich?

If you go out, you will have a car, and if you enter, you will collapse highly, and there will be thousands of rich servants!

Whether the carriage is large and gorgeous enough is an important means for the powerful to display their wealth!

Bearings, on the other hand, can be used on the wheels of horse-drawn carriages.

The current wheel is still just a wooden stick rut, directly attached to two wooden wheels.

The violent friction between the wooden wheel and the rut will make a sharp and piercing noise, not to mention the huge friction will also increase the burden on the horses pulling the cart, and the service life of the rut and wheel is also short.

If the bearing is used between the rut and the wheel, the service life of the rut and the wheel will be on par with the wood products including the carriage; With less friction, the horse will also have less effort, which will increase the maximum speed!

Although the maximum speed of the carriage is not the focus, in later generations, isn't it also an indicator of the sports car's acceleration and maximum speed of 100 kilometers per hour?

Rich people who hit their waists with a lot of money will like it!

Not to mention the thrill of the silky ride, it will definitely make those who spend a lot of money and just want to enjoy it more can't extricate themselves!

At this time, Han Rui was trying to beat the pig iron bar into a ring.

But a question arose in his mind.

First of all, wrought iron production at this time was not very large, so it was very expensive; And pig iron is too brittle - Han Rui has broken dozens of iron bars in the past few days!

The tough and extremely malleable steel in the imagination, let alone think about it, according to Luan Bu, the steel at this time can not be described as a luxury at all!

The Han law stipulates that if you bring iron out of the side wall without permission, you will be fined if you are found to be fine; With steel out of the side wall, it is the annihilation of the clan!

The problem is that there is no steel on the market!

At this time, the steel is fried by old craftsmen, and the output is less than a few thousand catties a year (Han catties, one Han Jin is about 0.22 kilograms)!

And it's all state supplies!

If the raw materials can be replaced by other things, then the problem of craftsmanship will really make Han Rui scratch his head.

In later generations, the bearing was formed by placing the iron ball with the inner ring and then wrapping the steel bar to weld it.

In this era, where does Han Rui do welding!

If you directly make the inner and outer rings, the iron ball will not be put in at all!

If you put it in, it means that the iron ball is small, and it can fall out at any time, not to mention, it can't touch the outer ring at all, and it loses its significance as a bearing.

Thinking of this, and then looking at the iron bar that had just been smashed on the ground, Han Rui could only drop the stone hammer in his hand in frustration and think of another way.

"Why don't you carve out of wood?"

Thinking of some wooden hollow handicrafts that he had seen in later generations, Han Rui couldn't help but think of it.

If a complete log is carved out in the shape of a bearing, then the carved ball will exist directly between the two rings, and the problem will be solved.

The problem is that hollow carvings were considered handicrafts in later generations, and at this time, the price is estimated to be on par with luxury goods.

Han Rui makes bearings, not to contribute to mankind, but to make money!

At such a big cost, no one buys it; There's nothing to make when you sell it.

Just when Han Rui was having a headache about how to solve the problem, Zhi Budo and Luan Bu were almost done 'chatting', and Zhi Budo planned to leave without doubt.

When Han Rui hurriedly ran to Luan Bu's side, about to ask him if he knew any skilled carpenters, Luan Mansion suddenly opened the door and a group of black-armored warriors poured in.

Luan Bu's eyes were wide open like copper bells, watching this team of armor soldiers walk into the mansion.

Praetorian Army!

After living for more than eighty years, this is the second time Luan Bu has seen this army, the army of the Liu royal family - Chang'an Northern Army!

The last time I saw it, it was when the princes and ministers jointly punished the Lu clan, this iron-blooded army exposed its left arm, followed the Taiwei Zhou Bo into Chang'an, and swore to defend Liu Han!

For the surname Liu, the meaning of the Northern Army is probably similar to the meaning of the Red Army to Taizu in later generations - a force that can be completely trusted!

Just as Luan Bu was surprised that this army appeared in his home, a majestic and tall man wearing a dark robe stepped into the door, his face was ancient: "The holy decree has arrived, please Yan Xiang bathe and change his clothes to welcome the holy decree." ”

Luan Bu bowed down, hurriedly ran out to take a shower and change clothes, and the small steps he took seemed to be completely healed.

After a while, Luan Bu, who had changed his hair, walked out of the house, knelt down and said, "King Yan Xiangchenbu, congratulations to Your Majesty's Hadith!" ”