Chapter 349: The End of 1880
'Picric acid is a kind of yellow explosive, the power and intensity are greater than the famous TNT explosives, in the high explosives, the power of picric acid is second only to nitroglycerin, good stability, simple preparation method, in the eighties and nineties of the nineteenth century, is one of the most suitable explosives for artillery shells.
Picric acid is the first smokeless gunpowder developed in the field of local explosives, and various types of smokeless gunpowder, such as single-base explosives used as rifle ammunition, double-base gunpowder used as artillery shell ammunition, etc., are still in the experimental verification stage, and may be in another three or five years, smokeless gunpowder with different characteristics will enter the practical stage and be used by the local standing regular army.
The technological progress made by the Han Kingdom in textile dyes and fire explosives was widely disseminated through many local government-run newspapers, and Zhou Sheng and Lin Shenhe, as the first batch of local scientific researchers to make major scientific and technological breakthroughs, were awarded the title of hereditary baron.
On January 5, 1880, Zhou Sheng and Lin Shenhe received iron coupons and holy decrees from Li Mingyuan symbolizing the hereditary noble title certificate, and the number of hereditary nobles in the Han Kingdom increased to 53.
On the day of the canonization, in addition to Zhou Sheng and Lin Shenhe, who received the most attention, there were a total of seven researchers who received non-hereditary barons, knights and other titles, four of whom were local Chinese researchers, and the other three were Manist, Jedrik, and Estrom, who had contributed the most to the steel, electrolytic metal, and alternator projects a few years ago. Then, Li Mingyuan will grant them the title of nobility.
Li Mingyuan's words have always counted, but because before the emperor ceremony, the three of them were reluctant to make a clear statement, join the Han nationality, and be loyal to the Han government, so their names were not on the list of the first batch of knights.
At the end of 1879 and the beginning of the new year, the three of them thought for a long time, and finally agreed to pledge allegiance to Li Mingyuan, join the Han nationality, and promise to keep the secrets of the scientific research projects they were engaged in, and follow the arrangements made by the Han government for them.
After receiving a clear response from the three of them, Li Mingyuan fulfilled his original promise and decided to confer them with the title of nobility, but because of the hesitation of the three of them for a while ago, and the improvement of the situation in the Han Kingdom, the hereditary baronial title originally planned to be awarded was downgraded to a life baron, and only when the three of them made another technological breakthrough in the field of study, could the life baron hope become a hereditary baron.
The second noble title awarding ceremony based on scientific and technological researchers ended successfully, and on the second day, the preparatory activities for the establishment of Chang'an University of Technology and the Chemical Society based on the education of chemical engineering branch disciplines officially began, Li Mingyuan extracted 500,000 Han Yuan from the royal industry and 1 million Han Yuan allocated by the Han government, which will be used as the starting funds for the foundation construction and scientific research projects of Chang'an University of Technology, at the same time, in order to show the importance of the royal family to scientific research and education, Empress Wu Lingxuan and Concubine Zhang Baoyi took the initiative from the private dowry in their personal names. 200,000 Han Yuan and 150,000 Han Yuan were given to Chang'an University of Technology for free to support the Han government's strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and technology.
Even the queen and the concubine donated their dowries and invested them in the fields of science, technology, and education, and the senior officials and generals of the central government departments naturally could not remain indifferent, and officials of all sizes, such as Hu Yaji, Liu Pu, Sun Bin, Zhao Yan, and Zheng Qiru, responded to the call of the queen and the concubine and donated funds of various amounts to major colleges and universities free of charge.
In 1880, the first year of the founding of the industry, the first year of the emperor's restructuring, in the boom of large-scale construction, it unconsciously came to an end.
At the end of January 1880, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the diplomats stationed in the Western countries on the formal establishment of diplomatic relations began talks, a month later, the talks ended, the Han government and the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary, the Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Denmark, Italy, Sweden and other ten European countries reached a consensus, the two sides to establish diplomatic relations at the ministerial level, the Han government to the ten European countries to send official diplomatic officials, the establishment of consulates in European countries, permanent in Europe to deal with the two sides of the diplomatic, economic, In terms of political and other relations, the 10 European countries, the countries that had previously stationed diplomatic personnel in Argentina and Uruguay immediately upgraded them to legations in Han and formally took over the responsibility of foreign affairs with Han, while those countries that established diplomatic ties with Han for the first time sent some diplomatic officials from Europe to Han to establish diplomatic ties between the two sides.
In March 1880, a fleet of 400 marines and more than 2,000 criminals sentenced to exile departed from Yishui Port, the capital of Haizhou, to receive Samoa and Zilu exchanged with the Germans.
In mid-April, the last group of 11,000 Chinese immigrants stranded in the South Seas because of the Argentine war arrived in South America, and the transport fleet docked at the mouth of the Río de la Plata, and after another month of disease prevention, epidemic health inspection and simple repairs, the 11,000 migrants were divided into two groups, one group of 4,000 people went north along the Paraná River to settle in the Pampas steppe, and the other group of 7,000 people continued to take transport ships along the coastal coastline south to the Patagonian wilderness, and then passed through each coastal port. The convoy dropped a group of migrants and asked them to temporarily establish temporary settlements in coastal areas with water and pasture with government-issued farm tools, food, livestock, etc., and then after adapting to the natural environment of the Patagonian region, they moved inland along the rivers and pastures.
In November 1880, under the organized arrangement of the government, the immigrants established a total of 17 settlements in the Valdés Peninsula, Viedma, Ushuaia, Rosen, and the vicinity of Lake Argentino.
From the arrival of transport ships on the South American mainland, where they anchored in the capital of Songzhou (the city of Buenos Aires), to the southernmost settlement, established in the Ushuaia region of Tierra del Fuego.
The Han government used Chinese immigrants to control the 3,200-kilometer-long southern territory from north to south.
Although the soil is poor and rainfall is scarce, the vast grasslands and diverse climatic environments of the coastal areas have created rich animal and plant resources.
For example, the Valdes Peninsula in the Golden State (Chubut Province) region, with a total area of about 3,625 square kilometers, is barren and not suitable for the growth of soybeans, wheat and other crops, but the peninsula is inhabited by a large number of wild animals such as jauars, alpacas, alpacas, wild deer, foxes, etc., and the coastal area near the Atlantic Ocean is inhabited by large marine animals such as South American fur sea lions, walruses, and southern right whales.
The Indian tradition of domesticating camels to carry goods inspired the Chinese immigrants who migrated to the Patagonian region, and near the settlement settlements of Valdes Peninsula and Viedma, the young and strong Chinese people formed one hunting team after another under the organization of the resettlement officer, and went deep into the inland areas to find the traces of camels, and then took advantage of the speed of the horses under them to surround and capture the camels they found.
The progress of chemical dye technology has promoted the progress of the local textile industry, and also led to the development of camel animal breeding industry and camel fluff processing industry.
After the immigrants captured alpacas, alpacas, alpacas, and other camels, except for a few parts that were injured and difficult to treat, most of the alpacas were scattered and kept in captivity on the land allocated by each family.
In the sparsely populated, densely populated, and most developed pastoral grasslands, the average immigrant cattle occupy one hectare of grassland, while in Patagonia an average alpaca occupies two hectares of land.
The unique natural environment provides the most suitable conditions for the development of local animal husbandry, which in turn provides valuable start-up funds for industrial development.
At the end of 1880, according to the latest statistics, the total number of cattle and sheep in the native area exceeded 9 million, and the number of sheep reached 13 million, nearly three times the total number of cattle and sheep.
The rapid growth of the number of cattle and sheep-based livestock has led to the growth of agricultural exports, and at the same time, the surplus of cattle, sheep, pigs and other livestock is also changing the dietary structure of the Chinese in South America little by little.
Ten years ago, Chinese families who had just moved to South America only ate meat once every few weeks for fear of another mainland-style disaster, but after the Han Dynasty occupied the La Plata region for more than a year, the external threat was greatly weakened, and each civilian family raised a different number of livestock, so their demand for meat products has also increased from the initial four or five catties of meat per household per year to an average of 160 catties of cattle, sheep and pork per household per year.
The abundant intake of meat food ensures the normal nutritional needs of the local people, and those northern refugees who have just arrived in the local areas often gain 10 to 20 pounds rapidly after staying in the local area for three or two months, and the appearance characteristics of yellow and thin skin are replaced by ruddy and healthy complexion.
Although the influence of adult Chinese is not too obvious, the height of the new generation of young children born in the local area is generally one or two centimeters taller than the young children of the same age who have just migrated from the mainland.
During the feudal period, the natural height of the Chinese ethnic group has always been higher than that of neighboring countries, but after entering the Ming and Qing dynasties, the number of nationals has surged, and the per capita grain output is insufficient, which has led to a gap between the height of the Chinese and modern Westerners.
In mainland China, the situation that the Chinese are limited in their natural height due to insufficient food intake is no longer possible in the Han Dynasty, and it is foreseeable that the average height and physical fitness of the new generation of babies born in China and with abundant nutritional intake will be significantly improved compared with their parents.