Chapter 141 Categories of Machinery and Equipment

In the second half of the 19th century, the major powers of Europe and the United States formed an industrial system dominated by six major industrial categories, including iron and steel mining and smelting, machine tool processing and production, steam shipbuilding, chemical and textile, railway manufacturing, and telegraph information transmission.

Rio Grande do Sul spent valuable gold reserves to purchase Prussian industrial equipment, mainly focusing on four aspects: steel mining and smelting, mechanical machine tool production and processing, chemical and textile manufacturing, and military weapons production.

The steel and machinery industry was at the heart of heavy industry, and Sun Bin directly purchased a large steel plant, three medium-sized coal mining plants, two mineral waste treatment plants, and three mechanical and machine tool production and processing plants from Prussia.

Among them, the steel plant can reach 10,000 tons of raw steel and pig iron output per year under the condition of abundant raw materials.

The three coal mining plants have a total capacity of 450,000 tons.

At the end of 1868, the annual steel output of Austria-Hungary was about 400,000 tons, 900,000 tons for France, 920,000 tons for Prussia, and 5 million tons for Britain.

British colonies are spread all over the world, the British Empire's navy ranks first in the world, the naval power is stronger than the sum of the four countries in the ranking, with a strong navy, British merchant ships transport all kinds of raw materials around the world, and then process them into products in factories, and sell them to India, the continent ruled by the Manchus, and make huge profits.

Rio Grande do Sul has a small population and national strength, and it is not possible to make steel on a large scale like the European powers and increase industrial output rapidly. However, although the 10,000-ton-a-year co-plant is not as large as the European powers, it is also the largest large-scale steel smelter in major South American countries, and is only slightly smaller than Brazil and Peru, which are rich in steel reserves.

Weapons and military factories are involved in national defense and security, chemical and textile industries, and are related to the daily life of ordinary people, so these two aspects of factory equipment are also indispensable.

The construction of telegraph lines is conducive to the transmission of information to the army, but because of the sparse population of Rio Grande do Sul and the concentration of the main army in a few major strongholds, the equipment purchased is not much, and shipbuilding requires a lot of technical accumulation and financial support, coupled with the limited capacity of the transport fleet, so only two small shipyards were purchased for the production of commercial ships under 1,000 tons.

Iron and steel mills, machine processing plants, weapons and munitions factories, and textile factories are all located in Pasufontu, and two small shipyards are located on the western shore of Lake Patus, taking advantage of the excellent port of Port Alegre nearby, and at the same time, because it is located in the interior of Lake Pastu, it can avoid naval attacks by hostile countries.

The second half of the twentieth century was the era of the sea, and Rio Grande do Sul was limited to the establishment of two commercial shipyards due to human and financial resources, which did not mean that the development of naval forces was abandoned.

On the afternoon of December 12, after four and a half days, all the machinery and equipment on the fleet were unloaded to the shore, and more than 50 river vessels carrying dismantled machinery and equipment parts docked at the mouth of Guayiba and were about to go along the river to Pasofontu.

In December, when the Guaiba River was in a dry season, the water volume was reduced and the water depth dropped, and the order to open the fleet was heard, and the tens of thousands of Brazilian prisoners of war gathered on the riverside began to pull the ropes for the boat under the supervision of the Chinese soldiers.

"Kaka", the first river vessel laden with machinery, sailed out of shallow water at the heavy pace of Brazilian prisoners of war, leaning on the sails of the ship and began to slowly accelerate forward.

The first ship departed, and the prisoners of war behind pulled the ships one by one, and after two hours, all 50 ships docked left the shallow water, and the completed Brazilian prisoners of war left the port in batches and headed for another construction site.

Brazilian prisoners of war continued to work until the Brazilians ransomed them, but after the peace agreement was signed, the time and intensity of the prisoners' labor would be reduced and not as hard as they had been at the beginning.

The vast majority of the fleet was loaded with machinery and equipment, and only a small part of the scale of rifles and artillery was used.

10,000 Dreiser rifles, 1,500 rifles per division in four infantry divisions, 1,000 rifles in each of the three mixed brigades, and a small number of the remaining 1,000 rifles were equipped with the gendarmerie regiment, the engineer regiment, the communications battalion and other units.

In terms of artillery, the new artillery units will be formed in accordance with the following structures:

65 mm artillery battery: 6 small 65 mm mountain guns, 120 in number, not equipped with garrison soldiers, generally attached to army combat units,

75-mm field artillery battalion: 15 guns, 500 people,

105-mm howitzer regiment: 24 guns, 1500 people,

155-mm heavy artillery regiment: 15 guns, 1800 people.

Three artillery units of different sizes constitute the main branch of the artillery of the Defence Forces de Lim Grande do Sul,

Among them, the artillery brigade was reorganized, and the new artillery brigade included: a 105-mm howitzer regiment, two 75-mm artillery battalions, five 65-mm artillery battalions, a brigade headquarters guard company, a communications company, a heavy battalion, and a medical company, with a total number of 4,000 and maintaining a full staff.

The lack of artillery units in the field army was replenished at the same time: each division was equipped with a battalion of 75-mm artillery, five batteries of 65-mm artillery.

Each mixed brigade is equipped with a battalion of 75-mm artillery, three batteries of 65-mm artillery,

The 155-mm heavy artillery regiment was organized separately and was under the direct jurisdiction of the Wehrmacht Headquarters.

Although the number of the Wehrmacht has been reduced by about 5,000 with the renewal of rifles and artillery, the overall combat effectiveness has been increased, and the corresponding Wehrmacht has become more dependent on the supply of logistical ammunition.

The production line of the Dresser rifle and the three types of artillery factories will be built, and under the guidance of Prussian technical experts, the Chinese apprentices will be able to master the operation of the machine in about six months to a year. However, the technical requirements of 155 mm heavy artillery are high, and Prussia regards heavy artillery manufacturing as a core military technology, and has no intention of selling it to the Chinese for the time being.

Therefore, the repair of 155-mm heavy guns and the supply of shells still had to be paid for by Prussian purchases.

As part of the deal, 700 Prussian skilled workers, 300 technical specialists, and 200 military commanders also arrived with the convoy in Rio Gran do Sul, where they would remain for the next year, responsible for teaching the Chinese apprentices the use of machinery and equipment, and after a year, some of the technical experts would stay, and most of the remaining Prussians would leave Rio Gran do Sul and return to Europe according to the trade contract.

During the period of stay in Rio Gran do Sul, the wages of the 1,200 Prussians were paid by the Chinese, and in view of the poor working and living conditions in Rio Gran do Sul, their wages were paid at 2.5 times the average Prussian standard.

After spending a lot of gold to buy equipment, Li Mingyuan didn't care about spending more money on technicians and experts, so after 1,200 Prussians disembarked, Li Mingyuan first placed them in the new capital, and after two days after the first batch of Cuban Chinese laborers arrived, he set off with the Chinese workers to choose a specific factory construction site, and then put it into full construction.