Chapter Eighty-Four: Undercurrent
ps: Thanks to the Nanyang Empire, the overlord is hard to bow 12 for support.
The Bolivian Indians originally carried out agricultural production according to the communal organization of collective cooperation,
In the early years of independence, the new generation of leaders Bolívar respected the production customs of the Indians, and in terms of national policy, implemented a policy of protecting the Indians and forbidding whites to plunder the lands of the Indians.
However, after Bolívar's death, the leaders of the Caudillo, representing the lords of the haciendas and miners, came to power, and they took the spearhead of the struggle against the Indians, and began the process of brutal plundering of the Indians' lands.
After the successful coup d'état of the murderous Melgarejo, in order to gain the support of the Bolivian lords, he increased the plundering of the Indians.
In March 1866, he decreed that all land belonged to the state, and that in order for Indians to legally occupy state land, they had to register it within two months of the decree and pay a significant fee to redeem private land. Those who fail to register after the expiration of the period and do not have a land certificate shall be deprived of their land and auctioned publicly.
As a result of the backward production of the Indians, the property obtained by agricultural labor was not enough to pay for the land, so many Indians lost their land because they could not afford to pay for the land.
According to statistics, within a year of the decree, 109 communes in La Paz alone had their land auctioned off by the government, and the Mergarejo regime received a total of 164,000 pounds from this land auction.
In 1866, 20,000 Native Americans revolted in La Paz, a revolt that was eventually suppressed, but Melgarejo's cruelty to the Indians divided the ruling class.
In Bolivia, a large number of military and political believers in Bolivarian politics were dissatisfied with Melgarejo's rule, believing that Melgarejo had abandoned the political principle of equality and freedom of all peoples established at the time of the founding of the Bolivarian state, and that his actions would push Bolivia into the abyss.
The arrival of the Chinese Independence Army (CAA) was like a zeolite thrown into boiling water, intensifying the form.
"General Adolfo, we can't let Melgarejo do what he wants, if he continues like this, Bolivia will be finished." Bolivian political veteran Frías said excitedly.
The middle-aged man in front of him frowned, and shallow beads of sweat oozed from his forehead under the towering military hat because of the fierce confrontation of two thoughts in his brain.
The middle-aged man, probably in his fifties, was tall and thin, and wore a pair of glasses in his eye sockets, which would hardly have been associated with the imposing Bolivian general if he were not in a military uniform.
"The Chinese rebels invaded Bolivia, and at this juncture, we have to think about national affairs, and we can't turn against Melgarejo."
Adolfo thought about it for a long time, and finally the consideration of national interests prevailed and spoke.
Adolfo is not in good health, and Frías originally wanted to overthrow Melgarejo and then tell him some secret things, but seeing his current statement, Frías decided not to hide it anymore and said: "General Adolphus, there are many things that are not as glamorous as Melgarejo claims on the surface, he has done too many unsightly things behind our backs and the Bolivian people, I was afraid that I would hurt you by telling you these things before, but now I have to say it." ”
In order to make up for the great mistake made by Melgarejo as much as possible, he and other generals forced Melgarejo to stop suppressing the Indians and rescued a large number of Indians, because of this incident, Adolfo's prestige among the Indians was very high.
However, Adolfo's intervention caused Melgarejo to be extremely dissatisfied, and he took advantage of Adolf's ill health to transfer him out of the army and return to Sucre as an idle general with no real power.
Adolfo didn't care much about the transfer from the army, believing that if he could do something good for the country, personal honor or disgrace did not matter.
But listening to Frías, it is clear that Melgarejo's bad deeds are not limited to the confiscation of Indian lands.
"Melgarejo is doing all the bad things behind his back, you tell me everything." Adolfo's voice said eagerly.
"According to the Congress of Independence of August 1825, the territorial boundaries of Bolivia are: from the source of the Yabari River to the confluence of the Madeira River in the north, and from Tordos to the Central Chaco to the Salta region in the south; It is bounded by the Madeira, Itne and Paraguay rivers in the east and the Pacific Ocean in the west, with a total area of 2,363,000 square kilometers. ”
Adolfo looked at Frias, wondering what he was doing when he introduced himself to the Bolivian area.
Frías tried to slow down his speech so as not to appear too excited: "In 1863, Atacama discovered new saltpeter mines and struvite mines, Chile claimed that Atacama belonged to Chile, and then sent troops to occupy Atacama.
At that time, President de Acha, on the one hand, sent people to negotiate with Chile in order to settle the dispute peacefully, and on the other hand, he actively prepared for war and was prepared to settle the dispute by force if the negotiations were unsuccessful.
However, the matter was delayed after President de Azza stepped down, and Melgarejo came to power, instigating the signing of a treaty between his men and the Chileans, abandoning their hard-line stance of defending their territories and drawing a vague line of acquiescence to Chile's de facto control of Atacama. ”
"Didn't Melgarejo claim sovereignty over Atacama, and the mining rights were shared between the two countries?"
"He's claiming sovereignty, but are the Chileans recognizing? Moreover, the atacama is controlled by the Chileans, and even if the Bolivians have the right to exploit it, they will not be able to reach the Chilean land! Frías answered in two quick successions, breaking Adolfo's doubts.
Is it possible that Melgarejo acquiesced in the Chilean occupation of the Atacama and also signed a treaty in favor of the Chileans, so that Bolivia would want to reclaim its territory in the future? Adolfo couldn't help but reflect in his heart.
Last year, Melgarejo signed a treaty with Argentina ceding 170,000 square kilometers of disputed land in the south to the Argentinians.
The Brazilians then threatened Melgarejo with force to sign a treaty ceding to Brazil a total of 100,000 square kilometers of rubber-rich land in Mato Grosso in the east and Acre in the northwest.
In order to deceive the domestic population, Melgarejo claimed that the Brazilians had exchanged the navigation rights of the Corumba and the Amazon for the ceded land.
Three treaties, Bolivia lost at least 370,000 square kilometers of land, plus the land actually controlled, does Bolivia's total territory have 2 million square kilometers? ”
After saying Melgarejo's traitorous treaty, Frías asked rhetorically.
Adolfo's eyes were dizzy, he never imagined that after Melgarejo came to power, Bolivia would lose so much territory. Frías would not lie to him, he said these things Adolfo could launch his relationship to confirm.
Melgarejo turned his head around, remembering the time last year when he and the other generals agreed to award him the Grand Cross of the Imperial Order, and Adolfo's cheeks flushed.
"Melgarejo is a Bolivian sinner, and he deserves to be judged by the entire Bolivian people."
Adolfo threw off his military hat excitedly, his hands trembling continuously.
"Adolfo, I sent people to investigate, the Chinese army is not coming to invade Bolivia, they just want to pass through Bolivia through the road."
Frías calmed Adolfo's emotions a little, and continued: "When the Chinese army entered Bolivian territory, it was strictly disciplined, and there was no plundering of civilians, and it was learned through the Indians in La Paz that the Chinese army also helped them defeat the attack of the Ballivian men. ”
"Balivian, like his brother, only knows that exploiting civilians to satisfy his own selfish desires is irresponsible to the state to make such a person the military and political chief of La Paz."
Speaking of Baliviaan, Adolphus said hatefully.
"Adolphus, Melgarejo keeps a close watch on us, we can't act rashly these days, wait until he leads his troops out of the city, and then we will reveal the fact that he signed a traitorous treaty, and then unite with the Chinese army to overthrow his rule."
Adolfo was eager to remove Melgarehola from power and try now, but after listening to Frías's analysis, his mood gradually calmed down, and he spoke: "You are responsible for contacting the Chinese army, but you must maintain the military discipline of the Chinese army, and you must not let them plunder Bolivian cities." ”
Without an army in his hands, Adolfo would not have been able to overthrow Melgarejo even if he exposed his traitorous nature, and if it were really that easy, Frías would have done so long ago.
Therefore, although the use of foreign troops against Melgarejo is not a good effect, Adolfo can only accept this option. ……
The first reinforcements of the Cabas army had arrived in La Paz, and Melgarejo was in Sucre to take care of some of the aftermath and prepare to lead a large force to defend against the attack of the Chinese Independence Army.
"How's it going in Sucre these days?"
Melgarejo asked, lying down in his chair after finishing the transfer of troops.
"The president announced that he would personally lead troops to meet the invading Chinese army, and the people in the city reacted enthusiastically and all supported the president's decision."
The attendant flattered.
"What has Adolphus been doing lately?"
"General Adolfo has been staying at home lately, and has done nothing other than to invite a few generals and politicians who have no real power to write poems and discuss music."
"Hehe, dignified Bolivian general, studying poetry and music all day long, I think he changed his career to become a poet." Melgarejo said disdainfully.
Although Adolfo was a Bolivian general, he himself considered himself a poet and musician, and did not attach much importance to power, and in the original history, after he became the president of Bolivia for a year, he resigned from the presidency under the pretext of illness and concentrated on the study of poetry and music.
"The president is generous-minded, not only does not care about General Adolfo's confrontation, but also arranges him in a comfortable position, and I believe that General Adolfo will definitely thank the president."
Melgarejo was in a good mood, and the attendant took the opportunity to pat himself on the back.
"Forget it, don't talk about him, after you get ready, you'll leave tomorrow." Melgarejo said lightly.