Chapter 191: Recent Situation of Immigration
On August 25, representatives of Brazil, the United States, and France jointly announced that they had reached a plan for a warship deal, under which the Brazilian Empire would purchase an ironclad ship from France and the United States, and France and the United States would each provide a sum of money to support Brazil's economic reconstruction.
In the public declaration, the representatives of the three countries did not announce the scale of the loans provided by the United States and France, but under the inquiries of British Minister Edmond, they probably figured out the content of the three-party transaction, the transaction of two ironclad ships of more than 6,000 tons, a low-interest loan with a total amount of about 3 million pounds, and a package of business transaction plans.
When the tripartite cooperation had been reached, Edmund wrote in a telegram in black London: Britain did not seize the favorable opportunity in the Brazilian warship deal, resulting in the commercial contract originally belonging to British businessmen falling into the hands of Britain and France, after this transaction, Britain's commercial expansion in Brazil temporarily lagged behind the United States and France, and the London government should carefully discuss the opinions put forward by the embassy in Brazil and grant the embassy more autonomy in commercial transactions to prevent similar things from happening.
Edmond's telegram to the London government has not yet received a reply, and on the Brazilian side, López Jr. has given some of the contracts in the business deal to the country's emerging businessmen, who will be responsible for the cooperation with the United States and France.
On the other hand, López Jr. embezzled a quarter of the funds from the first loan to strengthen the military in the areas where the rebellion was frequent.
The economic and military forces were both economic and military, with republican merchants who had been partially contracted to cooperate with Pedro II's actions, driven by practical interests, while local rebels and insurgents also ceased to act and temporarily died down as Brazilian troops continued to march to the local areas.
The shortage of funds was effectively alleviated, and Pedro II had a difficult time in the royal palace of Rio de Janeiro, while in Rio Grande do Sul, after a year of recovery, all the newly relocated Chinese immigrants were settled.
Outside the new capital, the tents and collective wooden houses set up to house Cuban immigrants have all been emptied, and the Cuban Chinese immigrants who originally lived in them have built their own Chinese-style houses.
In principle, Chinese laborers who migrated from Brazil needed to complete a year's work before they could be allocated land, but under Li Mingyuan's interference, some changes were made to the treatment of Chinese workers, and the new regulations governing Chinese immigration stipulated that after the completion of the first month of labor, as long as the Chinese workers did not appear to be passive and completed the assigned tasks, they could select a piece of land with an area of 30 acres in advance, and wait until the completion of the one-year labor, and then increase the land of different areas according to the specific performance of the Chinese workers.
Thirty acres of land is the minimum standard for granting land, and if a Chinese worker is allocated 30 acres of land and performs mediocre during the one-year labor period and does not receive additional land incentives, then he must rely on 30 acres of land as capital to marry a wife, have children, and start a family.
Thirty acres of land for a family is enough on the mainland for ordinary people to live a subsistence life, but in Rio Grande do Sul, the situation is very different. In the period when land represented the main wealth and status, most of the few women of working age would be assigned to meritorious soldiers, and the few remaining women would also choose the Chinese with more land as their marriage partners, and those who only guarded 30 acres of land could hardly compete with others and get the opportunity to start a family.
The joy of being freed and allotted thirty acres of land was soon replaced by competition under the explanation of the retired soldier who was responsible for managing the labor of the Chinese laborers.
Inheriting the land and starting a family is the traditional requirement of Chinese culture, and the Chinese workers who have just had the hope of living a good life naturally do not want to be left behind by others and end up alone for a lifetime, without the consequences of offspring, therefore, after the first batch of 30 acres of land was allocated, the work efficiency of the Chinese laborers who worked diligently increased a lot, and when the time had passed, on August 25, most of the first batch of Cuban Chinese laborers had overfulfilled their workload by one-third, and there were still 123 Chinese laborers who had completed their one-year labor tasks ahead of schedule.
It takes a little more than eight months to complete a year's work task, which requires a lot of labor intensity, and after Li Mingyuan learned about the situation from the officials who manage the labor of the Chinese workers, on the one hand, he has a new understanding of the diligence of the Chinese workers, and on the other hand, he has more confidence in the development of Rio Gran do Sul.
The Chinese workers who settled in Rio Gran do Sul were all low-level peasants, and they may not have as much knowledge as those who read them, but the hard-working and obedient character of the Chinese workers was admired and needed by Li Mingyuan.
In the early days of the uprising of Chinese workers in South America, more than 100,000 people, both old and weak, were all incorporated into the army to fight, and the ratio of soldiers to civilians reached 100 percent; even after the founding of Rio Grande do Sul for most of the year, the number of Chinese and naturalized women in Rio Gran do Sul reached 300,000 by absorbing Chinese laborers from the western region of the United States to build railroads, and the Wehrmacht still maintained a regular field army of 38,000 men and a garrison army of 20,000 people.
In the mainland area, due to the interference of the local gentry forces, it is impossible for Li Mingyuan to find 50,000 soldiers from 30 people in any case, but it is different in Rio Grande do Sul, there are no intricate local power relations here, and the identity of the Chinese workers who come to different regions is simple and obedient, Li Mingyuan can command all the Chinese under his rule according to the plan, and develop the industrial development plan set in Rio Grande do Sul, which is like a blank sheet of paper.
At the same time, in order to maintain the stability and competitiveness of the Chinese people, Li Mingyuan planned to take advantage of the opportunity of the development of Rio Gran do Sul for more than half a year to publicly commend Chinese workers who had outstanding performance in labor.
The scope of Chinese workers commended is not only limited to Cuban Chinese laborers, but also Chinese workers who have been introduced from the United States, Canada and other regions in the Americas after the end of Cuban immigration.
In March 1869, when the construction of the Pacific Railroad in the United States was about to be completed, Li Mingyuan ordered Wang Youtian, who was stationed in the Caribbean, to go to the United States to guide Chinese workers in the United States to immigrate to Rio Grande do Sul.
After receiving the order, Wang Youtian handed over the affairs of Tolti Island to his deputy, and then took two armed merchant ships to the United States in advance.
On May 3, three days before the completion of the U.S. Pacific Railroad, Wang Youtian and the Americans reached an agreement stipulating that Rio Grande do Sul would have to pay the Pacific Construction Company for $30 for the United States, and that Rio Grande do Sul would not pursue the issue of the Pacific Company's unpaid wages. ……
When the construction of the railway was about to be completed, the Americans reduced and withheld the wages of the Chinese workers in various ways, and after Wang Youtian visited the Chinese workers who built the road, he tried to fight for the legitimate interests of the Chinese workers, but the Americans never let go, and finally Li Mingyuan personally sent a telegram and decided to give up the recovery of the arrears of wages of the Chinese workers and reach an agreement on the introduction of Chinese workers as soon as possible.
After announcing that he would give up the recovery of the arrears of wages of the Chinese workers, the Americans also lowered their immigration requirements, charging only $30 for each Chinese worker willing to immigrate to Rio Gran do Sul.
After the signing of the agreement on the introduction of Chinese laborers in the United States, 100 ships belonging to the ocean shipping company immediately set off for the United States, and after more than three months of transportation, a total of 20,000 Chinese laborers arrived in Rio Gran do Sul.
There are about 50,000 Chinese in the United States, and most of them are alone, except for a few who have started a family in the United States. In 1869, there was a culture of rejection of the Chinese in the United States, and the situation of the Chinese left in the United States was not easy, but out of unfamiliarity with Rio Gran do Sul, most people chose to wait and see, hoping to get accurate information from the Chinese workers who went to Rio Gran do Sul before making a decision.
Few Chinese workers who come to the United States to earn a living choose to return to the mainland, because although Chinese are discriminated against in the United States, they receive more than three times the salary of the mainland for the same work. The $30 fee paid to Americans by Rio Gran Sul is a month's salary for the average Chinese worker, and the Chinese work hard to earn a small $30 a month, not only to suffer from the deduction of the Americans, but also to suffer from their white-eyed discrimination, in the original history, they can only choose to endure, and now the existence of Rio Gran do Sul has given the Chinese in the United States a new choice, and when they can't survive, they still have a way to survive.
The labor intensity of railway workers is greater than that of Cuban Chinese laborers engaged in agricultural production, so in the list of 300 outstanding Chinese laborers sorted out by Liu Pu, 62 are American Chinese laborers, 200 are Cuban Chinese laborers, and the remaining 30 or so are Chinese laborers from Canada, the Caribbean, and other places.
The Chinese workers from the United States arrived late in Rio Gran do Sul, and it was a good thing that 62 people were selected for their outstanding performance in the workforce.
After examining the list of 300 people, Li Mingyuan signed his name on the order to issue land rewards, so that the 300 Chinese laborers would end their one-year labor ahead of schedule, and they would also receive a reward of 100 mu of land each.
After the list of rewards was announced, and the 100 acres of land were distributed to those outstanding Chinese workers, the other Chinese workers looked at them with envy and jealousy, and many people were secretly cheering up at the same time:
After completing the labor task, Lao Tzu will go to the army to make meritorious contributions, and the land he will earn will not be less than yours at that time!