Chapter 305: Kismayo IV
The British acquiesced in Italy's expansion of colonial power on the Somali coast, but were unwilling to allow the French and Germans to take their place in Somalia.
Since July 26, 1879, with the complete withdrawal of British forces from Mogadishu, Hobia and other areas, several indigenous tribal conflicts have broken out in the south-central region of Somalia. More than a dozen white men who had not yet had time to follow the British evacuation were killed in the tribal conflict, and their bodies were hung as trophies on tree trunks in the village.
The German colonists, who had been isolated by the British off the coast of Somalia, gathered thirty or fifty outlaws, took advantage of the chaotic situation to land on the Somali coast, and then used obsolete breech muskets to trade with local indigenous tribal leaders, half promising and half threatening to induce indigenous tribes to sign a protection agreement, recognizing that the Germans were responsible for the security of the tribe and its surrounding areas.
On July 29, 1879, the French consul sent a corvette to Berbera on the pretext of protecting the safety of merchants and travelers in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, with the intention of completely incorporating the northwestern region of Somalia into the French colonial empire.
In the case of Germany and France successively intervening on the Somali coast, the British government responded quickly, on the one hand, it quickly dispatched British troops stationed in Aden to maintain order on the Somali coast, and on the other hand, it sent a diplomatic note to Germany and France, seriously warning the two countries to abandon the current behavior that infringes on the interests of the British Empire, and at the same time, the British consul in Aden stepped up his urging Italy to respond, immediately dispatched troops to receive the strongholds evacuated by the British, and suppressed the rioting Somali natives in a short period of time, so as to restore the local colonial order in time.
In the face of the British urging, the Italians could only draw 500 people from the domestic reinforcements, and then a part of the Italian colonial troops formed a receiving force, which went to several important coastal strongholds in central and northern Somalia, among several coastal strongholds, Cape Hafun, Cape Guadafur, and Berbera in northern Somalia held the central shipping channel of the Gulf of Aden, and the strategic location was not inferior to Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia, so these three coastal ports accounted for more than half of the Italians' energy. However, due to the division of troops to suppress the indigenous rebellion, the strength of the Italian troops used to attack Kismayo was reduced by more than 1,000 men, so that the remaining troops on the front no longer had a significant advantage over the Han garrison, and as a result, the Italians' battle plan to attack Kismayo was once again postponed.
On August 1, 1879, in Dujuma, in the middle of the Juba River basin, the Italians, after expelling the two powerful tribes of Gaidabulsi and Igai from Mogadishu and Hobia, began to send small regular troops deep into the interior, and then, with the assistance of the local Italian colonial group, incorporated the Somali tribes in the controlled area into colonial rule.
"In view of the imminent withdrawal of the troops of the Kingdom of England from Dujuma, and in order to maintain security and order in Somalia and to preserve our independence, the Khabar tribe is willing to conclude an agreement with the Government of the Kingdom of Italy that no territory which we currently reside in or control will be ceded, sold, encumbered or otherwise surrendered to other States for occupation without the permission of the Kingdom of Italy............"
In a spacious brick church, an Italian missionary dressed in a black priest's uniform solemnly reads a sermon.
"Sign it, and after signing the agreement, your tribe will become subjects of the great Kingdom of Italy, and the light of the Lord will shine on you."
Salvatore, the former Italian colonial chieftain who had just been appointed Dujuma's colonial officer, urged.
Inside and outside the church, more than 100 regular Italian soldiers armed with rifles closely guarded the perimeter of the house, and six indigenous tribal chiefs, under the threat of black muzzles, whether they understood what the Italian missionaries read or not, honestly signed their names on the agreement.
"Thank you, Father Amor, the Royal Government is very pleased with your efforts in the Juba River Valley, and His Excellency the Consul has submitted an application to the Foreign Secretary for the appointment of you as Senior Assistant to the Consulate of the Government of All Nations in Somalia, and I believe that your letter of appointment will be available before the end of the month."
Father Amor congratulated Father Amor on the removal of a group of indigenous Somali people, the Supreme Military Commander of the Juba River Basin, appointed by the Italian colonial army.
"Everything is God's grace, the Lord's call to bring me to barren Somalia and bring the glory of the Lord to these uncivilized natives."
Father Amor spoke softly, and from his smiling face, there was no indication that the policies against the indigenous blacks were in his hands.
Missionaries and businessmen are the vanguard and main force of Western colonial forces, and a missionary who is not engaged in colonial activities is not a qualified businessman.
When Father Amor entered the interior of the Juba River basin, he first gained a foothold as a missionary, then dug the first pot of gold in his business as an arms dealer, and then co-opted a group of outlaws, and the two parties cooperated to monopolize the trade routes from the Juba River basin to the coastal ports.
In the spirit of a long stream of clear responsibilities, Father Amor was responsible for proselytizing and co-opting the local natives, while Salvatore was responsible for setting the rules of commerce and maintaining order by force, and Salvatore stipulated that every Somali caravan that drove camels into Dujuma was to pull two stones with a sling to build a church for Father Amor.
In addition, if Somalis fight and cause trouble in Dujuma, the patrol will catch them, confiscate their weapons, and force them to dig a grave. Then give them back the weapons and let them continue the fight, in exchange for the victor to bury his opponent in the grave.
When the policies formulated by Amor and Salvatore were implemented, they found that order in the town was much better, and the indigenous blacks, who had been fond of trouble, no longer dared to make trouble easily when they saw a few dead compatriots.
Father Amor and Salvatore's reputation soon spread throughout Somalia because of their expertise in colonial affairs, and the benefits of a good reputation were enormous, and with the help of their growing popularity, it took four years for the two golden partners Amor and Salvatore to crowd out other competitors, monopolizing colonial and commercial activities in the Juba River basin, and the private colonial forces under their control expanded from more than 40 to nearly 200 people, becoming one of the most powerful colonial powers in the whole of Somalia.
Most of the members of the private colonial armed forces were low-level civilians who could not mingle in the country, and many of them carried the punishment on their backs, and once they returned to the mainland, they were immediately detained and imprisoned by the courts.
Salvatore is such an outlaw, before participating in colonial activities, he was a merchant sailor between the Far East and Southeast Asia, by chance, found opium and muskets hidden in the cabin, so he saw the opportunity, Salvatore instigated seventeen or eighteen sailors on the transport ship, stole muskets and opium, and the group took a French merchant ship to Africa, and began to engage in colonial adventures.
Although the Italian government contracted the colony to Salvatore and others, it imposed restrictions on them in many ways.
"Mr. Salvatore, the town of Dujuma is directly under the leadership of the consulate, and your duties are equivalent to the sheriff sent by the kingdom in Dujuma, and your escort team will be reorganized into a colonial police, only responsible for maintaining law and order, and cannot exceed this authority."
After informing Father Amor of the arrangements, Captain Hunt replied to Salvatore with a blank face the requirements of the Italian government for him: "I would like to remind you that the commercial taxes of the passes in the Juba River valley will be taken over by the colonial government, and you and your security police will receive 20% of the revenue from the taxes every month for the maintenance of law and order, and the remaining part of the tax revenue will be handed over to the colonial government, and the towns of Dujuma shall not arbitrarily embezzle the remaining 80% of the commercial taxes!" ”
"According to your meaning, if there are indigenous tribes resisting the rule of the kingdom, and my subordinates and I go to suppress the rebellion, we also need to apply for funding from the Colonial Department in advance?"
"Yes, small-scale indigenous riots are handled by the vigilantes, and if you can't handle them, Your Excellency the Consul will authorize my company to take over."
"You can't do that, the Juba River basin has only some agricultural output, and it can't feed more than 200 police officers with 20 percent of its commercial tax revenues."
Salvatore did not want to be robbed of his hard-earned benefits by the government, so he said, "Captain, the situation in the Juba River valley is complicated, Your Excellency the Consul may not know the real situation here, twenty percent of the commercial tax is too low, and at least seventy percent of the commercial tax revenue can maintain the daily expenses of the security police. ”
"The Juba River valley lacks mineral resources, and Mr. Salvatore and his team have persevered in Dujuma by relying on the belief of opening up colonial territories for the kingdom, and I hope that the captain can introduce to His Excellency the Consul the real situation in Dujuma town and grant Mr. Salvatore more colonial powers, and Mr. Salvatore and I will thank you for your kindness."
"Rest assured, Father Amor, I will convey to Your Excellency the Consul the considerations of Mr. Salvatore."
After completing the procedural process, Captain Hunter led more than 100 of his subordinates out of the church, preparing to choose a suitable location as a troop camp, while Father Amor and Salvatore stayed in the church to discuss the follow-up plans and arrangements.