Travelers, mostly with the stars and fate, coerced the ruler book in the middle of the dynasty, and ran to the counties of Yantai to make a living. The phase rate has become a trend, to not do the sub-business, to seek one or two books of the road as an introduction, called broad, deputy to the poem, moving thousands to ten thousand. For example, Hushan Song Qian's father was inferior, and he was awarded 200,000 yuan to build a Chinese residence. Qiantang Lake and Mountain, this Cao Shibo is a group, Ruan Meifeng Xiushi, Lin Ke Shanhong, Sun Hua Weng Jifan, Gao Jujian 90,000, often female Huang Shi doctor, the tone is terrifying, as for the door of the door.

Jiang Kui, he is one of the most famous poets. Mr. Xia Chengtao has conducted an in-depth study of him, and clearly pointed out that he has never been a eunuch in his life, and most of his lives depend on the help of others except for selling words (3). At the same time, he also verified the proprietors he relied on everywhere: in Hunan and Huzhou, it was the great poet Xiao Dezao; When he came and went to Suzhou, he was a big bureaucrat and a great poet Fan Chengda; The one who lived in Hangzhou and relied on each other for the longest time was Zhang Jian. The above-mentioned Xiao Dezao, Fan Chengda, Zhang Jian, etc. are all well-known figures in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Zhang Jian is a descendant of the general Zhang Jun and has a prominent background. Interacting with these characters, Jiang Kui relied on his outstanding talents. The Southern Song Dynasty poet Chen Zao was a friend of Jiang Kui and knew Jiang Kui's way of living very well. He introduced to people the characteristics of Jiang Kui who made a living from words: "Jiang Lang did not seek land, and relied on 90,000 notes in his career. Bundle Zhuji is willing to share me, and there should be a Hefei ship in Beiguan. (4) In another poem, he said: "The poem passed on to the prince's family, and Hanmo went to the provincial temple." Jiang Lang canran the text, and the group flew to see Kong Cui. On the humiliation, Lu Maguo is the same. Nian Jun gathers hundreds of fingers and feeds back to the stage. I have also been sick many times, and I have been strict with alcohol. Finally won Liuliuzhou, spitting water and giving "Solution". (5) The first sentence of this poem, "The poem is passed on to the Hou Wang's family", is to say that Baishi is Zhang Jianqing. The second sentence "Hanmo to the Provincial Temple" refers to the Shangshu Province of Baishi's "Great Joy Discussion", and the edict was paid to Fengchang. The seven and eighth sentences "Nian Jun gathers a hundred fingers, and he is full of Yang Tai feeds" shows that Baishi's family of ten lives entirely on his ability (6).

Under the care of these dignitaries, Jiang Kui not only has food and clothing, but also has some other gains from time to time. In the second year of Shaoxi (1191), Jiang Baishi returned from Hefei to visit Fan Chengda, admired the snow and plum blossoms at his home, and created the popular masterpiece "Dark Fragrance" and "Sparse Shadow" two self-composed songs, Chengda was very happy at that time, and gave him a smart and clever prostitute Xiaohong. Another one who helped Baishi a lot and has always been rumored to be a beautiful talk is Zhang Jian. He spent ten years with Shiraishi and formed a close friendship, even offering to donate money* and land to Shiraishi. This incident is also recorded in Jiang Kui's "self-description": (Zhang Jian) "Thinking of his trapped house, he wants to lose money to worship the lord"; "He also wants to cut off the anointment of the tin mountains, so that he may nourish the useless body of the mountains and forests" (7). However, Zhang Jian's good intentions were all dismissed by Jiang Kui, who was high and self-loving. Dai Biaoyuan, a literati at the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, once said with emotion: "Shu Xiazhi's ancestors and great-great-grandfathers are all bells and bells. Jiang Kuiyaozhang, a talented lyricist in the rivers and lakes, and Sun Jifan's disciples often enter and leave the gate of the pavilion. The outfit of the daughter, the appointment of the column, the talk and laughter, do not think it is different. ”

Liu Guo. He sang Jiangxi with poems, Eryu Webb, wandered Jingchu, and ate among the princes. There are still many works of Liu Guo's poems that reflect his career in the poems of the Song Dynasty, which can be seen from the poems such as "Confession to Huai Xishuai", "Confession to Jinling Wushuai", "Confession to Jingkou Zhang Shou", "Confession to Guo Ma Shuai", "Confession to Suzhou Shou", "Resignation to Zhou Yigong" and other poems. As a traveler, he is different from Jiang Kui's relatively stable situation as a guest, and he has always been traveling from south to north, the so-called "ten years of north and south and east and west, and the heroic spirit is not declining" (9). also publicly declared: "Scholars are unwilling to hang gold seals, only looking for money to ride cranes in Yangzhou." (10) This is entirely due to Liu Guo's heroic, outstanding, chic and uninhibited personality. This kind of personality may be difficult to get along with someone for a long time, but it is very suitable for traveling around and making friends. Jiatai Guihai (1203) years old, changed to the capital. When Xin Jiaxuan abandoned his illness and was handsome, he heard his name and sent him to recruit him. It is appropriate to do things too late, and the book is returned. Because of the imitation of the word "Qinyuan Spring" in Xinti, the next pen is realistic. The words said: "Fighting wine and shoulders, drunk in Zhejiang, wouldn't it be happy......" The great joy of Xinde, giving hundreds of thousands.

Xin Qiji was famous at that time, held a high official position, and held great power. But in his dealings with Liu Guo, not only did he not put on a show, but he seemed very bold, and he "gave hundreds of thousands" before they met. Later, he invited Liu Guo to go and warmly entertained him, "Pavilion Yan Miyue, reward and advocate". By the time Liu Guo was about to leave, Xin Qiji was "Zhou Zhiqian" again.11 Although Xin Qiji doesn't care about money at all, ordinary people are not easy to get, and not all the poets who go to the rivers and lakes to get a heavy reward, the key is to see if you have something extraordinary. Although Liu Guo has a heroic and rough personality, he is actually extremely meticulous and very well prepared when he intervenes. This shows that he is very scheming, paying attention to the temperament of the subjects of his requirement, distinguishing their different tastes, and trying his best to please them. If he sings harmony with Xin Qiji, he can "follow Xin's body" and achieve the effect of "all are similar", which makes Xin Qiji overjoyed. The first volume of Zhang Shinan's "Records of the Wandering Eunuchs" of the Southern Song Dynasty also records two other quite successful interventions by Liu Guo12: one is Shangshu Huang Youshuai Shu, and Zhongge is the daughter of Hu Zhishi Jinchen. Mrs. Huang passed the snow hall, and the red cliff of the book was endowed with the wall. After Liu Guo found out, he followed up with a inscription, and his word cloud: "According to the reins and Xu drive, children gather to watch, fairy pictures ......"13 Later, Huang Shangshu knew that Liu Guo made it, "thick and fed". Another time was that Emperor Shou was determined to personally conscript, read the forbidden brigade, and the army was very solemn. Guo Gao is the palace marshal, and from the driving back to the inside, everyone sees it, and it is prosperous for a while. Liu Guo also wrote a poem "Qinyuan Spring" on this theme and sent it to Guo Gao. Word cloud: "The jade belt scarlet robe, looking at Cuihua from afar, the horse goes like a dragon......14 Guo Gao was also very satisfied with the words, "Feed Liu more than hundreds of thousands of money". From this point of view, Liu Guo does have some special talent, good at winning the favor of the other party, so as to get what he wants.

Song Zixun, as soon as he told the powerful minister Jia Rudao, he received 200,000 yuan and built a beautiful big house. is also like Liu Xianlun (Shu Yi), he and Liu Guoju are famous for their poetry, and they are also called "Luling Erliu" at the time. Some have described him as "a man of great talent, and his poems often refuse to conform to the rules"15, but some of his works are also highly appreciated. Yue Ke once said that Liu Xianlun met his brother Zhou Bo. There was a party, just when I met my uncle's poem, Zhou Bo was overjoyed to read it, so he made an appointment to enter Zhejiang. In the second year, the uncle had a good time, and he stayed for many months, "and the money was very good"16. There are also people who are known as one of the "Jinhua Five Highs" Du Zhan (Zhong Gao) also once received the reward of "Kaishan Tian" from Xin Qiji. See Gao Zhu's poem "Xi Du Zhong Gao Moves to Qinghu", the original note clouds: "Jiaxuan opened the mountain field for Zhonggao, and Zhonggao has a record of Xintian." 17 For example, Ye Shaoweng wrote a poem "The Tomb of King Yue", which was used to praise Yue Fei, a famous anti-gold general, and as a result, "the poem was circulated, popular, and his family gave to Ye every month"18. It can be seen that Ye Shaoweng won the favor of the Yue family with a poem, and later received gifts from the Yue family every month.

Dai Retro of the old rivers and lakes knows the taste very well, so he has the feeling of "who remembers the poor and lowly friends, and the traces of the rivers and lakes have become Chen"20. Therefore, it should be pointed out that although it is indeed an important way for Jianghu poets to make a living, it should not be regarded as the only or main means of livelihood for Jianghu poets. We must be soberly aware that being able to receive heavy rewards from dignitaries and nobles is only an opportunity that only a very few of the best poets can have, and this opportunity will become undesirable and unrepeatable due to the influence of many external factors. The reason why the reputation of the Jianghu poet as a "guest" is so loud is mainly due to the publicity effect caused by the fact that this kind of individual success story similar to winning a lottery is too envied by everyone and widely circulated with relish.

How can a large number of ordinary Jianghu poets solve the problem of livelihood? The author found that the poets of the rivers and lakes sought help from some relatives and friends who had the status of officials or landlords and had better family backgrounds, which could be regarded as a more realistic source of life. Although there is some connection and resemblance between this mode of earning a living and the above-mentioned interference, it is very different in nature. The characteristics of the interaction between Jianghu poets and these objects are that they are relatively equal to each other, the relationship is quite close, and some are like-minded and have similar interests. The frequent correspondence between them has gone beyond ordinary utilitarian purposes, mainly out of emotional needs. For example, when Yu Gui was living in the official, he was very much looking forward to the poets coming to him as guests, and his poems said: "Fortunately, there are not many official affairs in the residence, and the empty court officials are scattered." Recently, I have realized that there are few poets, who is willing to Gao Xuan for me?" 21 In such exchanges, although the poets of the rivers and lakes are the objects of alms and help, they do not compromise their personal dignity

Gao Zhu had many friends, "all of whom he made friends with were famous and high-ranking officials, and he refused to be angry, and he had the most good friends with Chen Mi and Xu Fudao, and he often traveled with them"22. It can be seen that the poet Gao Zhu's heart is very high, and he refuses to be inferior to those who are big officials, and wrongs himself. Only when his closest friend goes out to be an official will he be willing to go with him. Some are cast as diners. For example, Liu Han has been a guest in Shaoxing for a long time, and he has nothing to do, and he is the guest of Wu Yunqi's father. Zhang Yi was originally from the north, and after he moved to the south, he became a "Huhai Haoshi" and was a diner at Xu Dingfu's family. Zhang Duanyi's "Gui'er Collection" said of him: "He is long, with a Yan Zhao color on his face, and he also speaks Northern Chinese in his mouth." Xu Dingfu Pavilion is under his command. If you want to kill the officer, you won't accept it. ”

During the Southern Song Dynasty, there was an atmosphere of traveling and raising scholars in society. For example, Wei Wenjie (Qi) and Wang Zhongrong are like Meng Weijun back then, and they have a lot of diners at home. Dai Biaoyuan said: "The Wenjie family is very happy with the handover, and the well-known scholars from all over the world are not far away for hundreds of miles, and there are endless followers with Zhongrong." 23 These "celebrities from all over the world" often came to the Wei family not only to eat as diners, but also to study. One of them was the Jianghu poet Zhang Liangchen (Wuzi), who became their protégé "from Wei Wenjie and Shi Zhongding", and was later classified into this school and called "Mr. Snow Window"24. In the imperial examination, Wei Wenjie also specially recommended Zhang Tao to the Zhiju for him, which shows that he is quite important. Another example is Fang Xinru, who once served as an official in Huaidong and served as an envoy. After returning to his hometown, despite the poverty of the forest, he was hospitable by nature, and many guests still came to visit. As a relative and friend of Fang Xinru, Liu Kezhuang knows his situation very well. Liu described Fang Xinru like this: "I don't save money to buy mountains in my life, and what is the heart of Huawu is also accidental." The guests are mostly sitting on the monks, and the only cranes are on the boat. 25 Liu Kezhuang also said that Fang Xinru "did not like to manage life" and was especially "a good man", and that "the followers are like clouds, and they have been closed for many years, and their homes are full of stones, and the diners are often full"26. Among the so many diners in the Fang family, there are naturally indispensable poets in the rivers and lakes, and the more famous ones are Zhao Zhongbai, Sun Huaweng, Gao Jiuwan and others, who are said to be frequent customers of his house.

Dai Retro was able to "live in Quannan for a long time", which was completely inseparable from the hospitality of the local government and friends, and the life was inseparable.

In addition, Dai Gu also lived in Fujian for a period of time, and the local royal envoy often helped. The poem "King Xie Envoy Sends Travel Expenses" records this incident: "There are not many days in the year, and a year has passed in Fujian. Huangtang relieved the guests, and sent money to sell poems. 29 Others, such as the poet You Yangzhou, the waiter Zhao Kui also donated generously, wearing the "See Huaidong System Shuai Zhao. Nanzhong Shilang, treat each other very well, send money to buy mountains, and want to publish Shiping poems, placed in Yangzhou County Zhai, farewell to thank you". It seems that Zhao Shilang really takes care of him, not only sending money, but also publishing poems. No wonder when they broke up, Dai Gugu expressed his heartfelt thanks to him: "It is difficult to say goodbye to many graces." 30 Of course, it was not every day that the old poet could meet an empathetic official like Zhao Kui, and sometimes he had to open his mouth to beg. In "The City Bo Lifts Guan Zhongdeng's Drink in Wangongtang and Has Poems", there is "Mocking the guilty and suffering from the heavens, and seeking to return to the capital and self-strategy." Jilin Mo has to buy a poet, and tomorrow he will be annoyed to ask the boat"31 and other sentences, which very clearly express the meaning that he is still short of funds when he goes home, and inspires this Mr. Tiju to send some money in addition to drinking. From the poem "Zhenjiang Don't Leader Wu Daofu Shilang, Shi Yuziqi Comes to Greet the Day and Night, and Urges the Return" written by Dai Gu in his later years, there are two sentences: "Forty years of down-and-out rivers and lakes, and the white-headed party bought mountain money"32 sentences, it can be seen that he finally collected a sum of funds for retirement. Therefore, Fang replied that Dai Retro Evening Festival was famous for poetry, and the princes fought for their gifts and returned to their families.

In addition to wearing retro, many other Jianghu poets also rely on frequent subsidies from friends to support their families. For example, Xu Di's poem "Gift to Ye Jingyi": "When the courtiers gave away the surplus, the shop was close to the poetry magazine." Another example is that Liu Kezhuang suffered from eye diseases in his later years, and the waiter Hong Tianxi warned him that he must "entertain and worry about it", and on the other hand gave him "30 million yuan for medical treatment", for which Liu was grateful, and his eyes were "charcoal in the snow"33.