Their group was chased and killed for months, and they were sleepy.

Clay figurines also have fire.

So, they set up an ambush on a dangerous hill and launched a counterattack.

In this counterattack, they inflicted heavy losses on three or four times their size with the sophisticated weapons they carried.

At the same time, more than half of them were killed or wounded.

Their actions angered the Mughals, who launched an even more frantic hunt against them.

In panic, they fled to the Bukhara Khanate.

The Khanate of Bukhara was a Persian cultural circle feudal dynasty founded by Uzbeks in the Transoxians of Central Asia.

When they fled, it was in the midst of royal strife among the Bukhara Khanate.

These royal generals and their entourage with cold faces thought that they were the enemy, and no matter which side of the soldiers and horses thought it was the other party's reinforcements.

They were attacked because of the different languages.

Fleeing all the way, the group of people who were already annoyed raised sharp firearms and fought back.

With just a few hundred people, several teams of 1,000 people were defeated.

Under the blow of their firearms with cold faces, the royal clans that were originally infighting suddenly united and began to hunt them down.

These guys took a fancy to the firearms they had in their hands and planned to steal them for their own use.

This group of people with cold faces can beat a team of thousands of people with sophisticated weapons, but they can't defeat tens of thousands of enemies when they unite together.

They had no choice but to flee.

In an aimless, unguided escape, they fled to the Kazakh Yuz.

The Dzungar Division, one of the four Oirat Divisions of Mongolia in the west, began to grow stronger and expanded outward.

Not only did the Dzungars expand southward to Qinghai and western Xinjiang, but the Kazakh tribes were often harassed by the Dzungar tribes.

The Kazakhs launched a struggle against Dzungaria, and it happened that the group of Leng Yan came with sophisticated firearms.

Da Yuz was in great need of these weapons to defend his people.

The origin of the Kazakh ethnic group is relatively complex, and it is generally believed that it is mainly formed by the fusion of the ancient Wusun, Kangju, Alan (Xiancai) people and the Serb people who originally lived in the steppes of Central Asia, the Dayue clan, and the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, Turkic, Tiele, Khitan, Mongolian and other ethnic groups who entered this area later.

From the beginning of the 13th century to the establishment of the Kazakh dynasty in the 15th century, some of the tribes and clans mentioned above regarding the origin of the Kazakh people accelerated the pace of union.

And the final formation of the Kazakh national community is extremely closely related to the historical "White Horde" khanate.

At the beginning of the 13th century, Genghis Khan marched westward, and the Wusun, Kereh, Naiman and other tribes were also forced to move westward.

The Mongol Empire's Golden Horde, Chahatai Khanate, and Ögedai Khanate each had parts of the Kazakh pasturelands.

Soon after, the division of the feudal domains created a new division of the Golden Horde, and the establishment of the White Horde in the eastern region of present-day Kazakhstan unified the entire Golden Horde in the 14th century.

The ancestors of the Kazakhs established a regional regime, which was historically known as the Kazakh Khanate.

In 1456, Kereh Khan and Janihbek Khan left the Uzbek Khanate and moved east to Mughulstan (Eastern Chagatai Khanate).

These herders, known as Kazakhs, who broke away from the Uzbek Khanate, established the Kazakh Khanate, headed by Kerekhan, in new pastoral areas with a population of 200,000.

In the seventh year of Ming Jingtai (1456), the sons of Barak, the last khan of the White Horde, Kereh Khan and Janibek Khan, lived up to expectations and led the Kazakh tribes to move eastward to the Chu River valley and the Talas River valley, establishing an independent political entity, the Kazakh Khanate, and living a peaceful and stable life, thus attracting a large number of nomadic tribes from the surrounding areas to join.

After the establishment of the Kazakh Khanate, the Kazakh tribes gained political independence, developed rapidly economically, and the territory of the Khanate continued to expand.

From the 50s to the early 70s of the 15th century, the Kazakh Khanate owned the Kipchak steppe and the Central Asian provinces of Nontara, Turkestan, Urgench and other places.

In 1500, the Transoxiana region was occupied. By the 20s of the 16th century, the territory of the Kazakh Khanate included the Syr Darya River basin in the south, the Seven Rivers region in the southeast, the eastern and southern regions of Lake Balkhash in the northeast, and the Yuxek River basin in the west.

When the leader of Da Yuzi knew that their group was from the Ming Dynasty, he warmly entertained them and gave them 200 hardcover war horses.

And they were given a guide to show them the way back to the Ming Dynasty.

The leaders of Da Yuzi were so enthusiastic that they wanted the firearms in their hands, and they hoped to form an alliance with the Ming Dynasty to fight against the Dzungaria.

Regarding the request of the leader of the Great Yuzi, everyone agreed without thinking about it.

You know, their group has been on the run since they traveled west, and this is the first place where they haven't been hunted down.

The Kazakhs and their distribution areas have been divided into 3 "Yuz", namely Ulayuz (Great Yuz), Ortu Yuz (Middle Yuz) and Chichikyuz (Small Yuz).

Among them, Ortu Yuzi has the largest number and the strongest strength, and the clan and tribal lineage are also the most intact.

Since the beginning of the 13th century, the Western Regions have been the territory of Genghis Khan's sons Chagatai and Ogedei.

The Kazakhs have long been under Mongol rule, and the upper echelons of the clan and tribal groups, the "Khan" and "Sultan", are filled by Mongol nobles, who claim to be descendants of Genghis Khan, called "Tole" (white bones).

In addition to the aristocracy, tribal heads, and large and small herdsmen, there are also "bi".

Usually from a wealthy herder family, Bi is well versed in tribal customary law, good at rhetoric, and is recognized as a mediator of disputes.

The Kazakhs do not have written laws, but each tribe has unwritten traditional customary laws, which mainly protect private property, protect the privileges of tribal leaders, and maintain the consolidation and unity of the tribe.

Whenever property, marriage or other problems arise within the tribe, the "ratio" is mediated and dealt with in accordance with the customary law of the tribe, usually using the method of "nine penalties", that is, compensation for nine livestock, and in serious cases, multiplied as appropriate.

Since the customary law of the Kazakhs has long been feudalized and has essentially become a tool for safeguarding the interests of the exploiting class, and the customary law can be interpreted arbitrarily, there is no justice at all between the feudal herdsmen and the poor herdsmen.

For a long time, the tribal concept was a means used by the ruling class to control the working people.

Tribal leaders tried their best to promote the unity of their tribes in order to ease and cover up internal class contradictions.

The Kazakh tribes have the habit of "blood for blood, wounds for wounds" blood revenge.

This is often used by the chiefs as an opportunity to extort money, thus causing personal problems between different tribes to lead to tribal disputes.

In such a situation, the tribal leaders will emphasize the honor and interests of the so-called tribe and provoke large-scale armed fights in the name of revenge.

Whenever a human life occurs, the tribal leader leads the crowd to "avenge" the deceased, demanding that the other party pay for the life with livestock.

The price of life paid was shared among all the members of the murderer's "Jeri." The average price of a man's life is 200 horses, and the price of a woman's life is halved, and the life price of a nobleman is 7 times higher than that of a commoner.

However, the families of the deceased were only paid a small part of the price of their lives, most of which went to the upper echelons of the tribe and the powerful.

It can be seen that tribal customary law and the so-called protection of tribal interests and unity are very hypocritical.