On the outskirts of Chang'an (Córdoba), two steam trains emitting thick smoke drove into the train station with piercing whistles.

Chang'an Railway Station is located in Wen'an Town, 20 miles away from the city center, benefiting from the government's large-scale railway development plan, Chang'an Railway Station has become an important hub on the north-south railway transportation, every month tens of thousands of merchants, soldiers, ordinary people, by taking the train, the local people's daily needs of food, meat, industrial and commercial products and important mineral resources, transporting to different parts of the country.

Railway is the lifeblood of economic development, in 1879 the government planned the construction of the four trunk railways, the northern section of the Songjiang-Zhangqiu (San Salvador-Dehui) railway started construction in May 1880, on December 17 of that year, the construction of the Huaiyang-Songjiang branch railway was completed, on December 29, Yongnian (Tucumman City) - Zhangqiu branch railway construction task was completed, on January 7, 1881, the Huaiyang-Songjiang branch railway and the Huaiyang-Chang'an branch railway completed in previous years were opened to trafficOn January 14, 1881, the four branches of the Songjiang-Zhangqiu Railway were opened to traffic in parallel with each other, and the Han mainland had the first long-distance railway connecting the northern forests, the northwestern mountains and the central Pampas Plain.

The Songjiang-Zhangqiu railway was delayed by about a month and a half compared to the government's planned construction date, and during the construction process, due to lack of construction experience, there were two accidents in which the railway embankment collapsed and one failed to excavate a cave, which led to a temporary change in the construction plan of the German design engineers and the local engineering construction force, which increased the total length of the railway section in Jinju by eight kilometers and delayed the overall construction schedule by bypassing a mountainous area about 12 kilometers long.

However, in view of the important position of railways in the country's economic development, on March 20, 1881, after discussion among the chiefs of various central departments and reported to Li Mingyuan for approval, the Railway Development Department was separated from the Ministry of Industry and established a separate Ministry of Railways, which was responsible for railway construction, management, maintenance and other related affairs.

With the growth of the country's population, the increase in the land area, and the increase in various internal affairs of the government, the 12 central ministries and institutes established in the early days have increased the number of functional affairs of some departments, and the responsibilities and functional affairs of various subdivisions are unclear, which has also brought about hundreds of incidents of shirking and passing the buck between departments, and even four cases involving important military and political affairs, and the lawsuit has reached Li Mingyuan.

The Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Finance, and the General Staff Headquarters are the departments that are most involved in their daily activities, and the Ministry of Industry often has functional conflicts with the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Finance, and the General Staff Headquarters because of water conservancy construction, financial construction appropriations, and military industry, and other fields, and the Ministry of Household Affairs and the Ministry of Finance will also have disputes with the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Officials, and other departments for other reasons.

In the face of the chaos among various departments, Li Mingyuan has already held discussions with principal officials on the issue of reorganizing the central departments and dividing the functions of the sub-departments, and has reached a preliminary consensus on dividing the four departments of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Industry, and the General Staff Headquarters, which have excessively concentrated powers.

According to Li Mingyuan's plan, the Ministry of Finance will be separated from two new departments: the Audit Department and the State Bank and Financial Management Department.

In addition to the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Industry will also be divided into the Ministry of Water Conservancy and Construction, and the General Staff Department will be divided into two to establish an independent Ministry of the Navy and the Ministry of the Army.

Among them, the audit department is mainly responsible for major projects related to national development, the implementation of the annual budget of the Ministry of Finance, the state fiscal revenue and expenditure and other financial revenue and expenditure statistics, as well as the supervision and management of state-owned industrial assets.

On the basis of the original functions of currency issuance and maintaining the stability of foreign exchange rates, the Ministry of Financial Management of the State Bank has added the right to manage and supervise the local private banking, finance, and lending fields, and at the same time upgraded its administrative level, which has the same administrative level as the original 12 ministries and institutes, and is directly responsible to the emperor.

The Ministry of Land and Resources is responsible for the allocation and management of local land resources, the planning, management, protection and rational utilization of natural resources such as national mineral resources, agricultural and forestry resources, and marine fishery resources.

The household department retains the functions of local household registration management, the implementation and supervision of the incentive birth policy, and the rewards and livelihood guarantees for military dependents, meritorious personnel, and disabled soldiers.

The Ministry of Water Resources is responsible for the construction, maintenance and management of water conservancy projects in the local area.

Formulate national and cross-regional long-term water supply and demand plans, programmes and supervise their implementation. Responsible for the water resources dispatch of important river basins, regions and major canal excavation projects. Organize the people to carry out drills on flood discharge and water discharge, drought relief and disaster relief, formulate plans for responding to natural disasters, and formulate and supervise the actual situation of water use in industry and agriculture.

After the separation of the Ministry of Water Resources and the Ministry of Railways, the administrative functions of the Ministry of Industry were changed to plan the development layout of local light and heavy industries, declare and review major industrial development projects, and supervise and manage local industrial enterprises, factories and companies from the perspective of the national level.

After the decomposition and separation of various administrative departments, the number of administrative organs at the central level will increase from the original 12 to 19, namely the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Education, and the Ministry of Criminal Affairs

The Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Commerce, the Inspectorate, the Legislative Yuan, the Council (composed of representatives elected by retired soldiers and representatives elected by local people), the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Auditing, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of State Bank and Financial Management, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of the Navy, and the Ministry of the Army.

The newly added departments refine and clarify their functional responsibilities, and at the same time avoid the disadvantages of excessive responsibilities and lack of checks and balances in some departments.

Differentiation and checks and balances are necessary political means to govern the country, and to resolve conflicts and contradictions between various departments by subdividing administrative functions, and at the same time leaving more room for their officials and officers to rise, so that they can obtain class advancement in a relatively fair way, which is the purpose of changing the functions of various departments of the central government.

As the train stopped, the doors of the two side-by-side trains opened, and from the carriages poured out all kinds of people, ordinary people in coarse cloth and short clothes, Westerners in suits and holding civilized sticks, diplomats, and even more soldiers and officers in hurried steps and over-worn green military uniforms.

The large railway plan is an important part of the ten-year development plan, until July 1881, the local railway construction project is in full swing and continues, these soldiers wearing green military uniforms, carrying all kinds of construction tools, are a member of the engineering force, before the ten-year development plan was released, although there was a standing engineering army in the Han country, but its number was only 35,000 people, the scale was not as large as it is now.

After the official end of the Argentine War in September 1879, in order to solve the huge labor force needed for railway construction and local transportation development planning, the Han government decided to transfer soldiers from the second-line garrison army and the third-line militia reserve army to enrich the engineering troops, and within three years, the number of engineering troops was expanded to 100,000.

After the rapid expansion of the engineering troops, except for the technical arms that retain 4,000 people, the rest of the units will be mainly used to carry out railway construction work after conducting simple military skills training, and during the service of the engineering troops, their military salaries and labor allowances will be paid according to the standards of the second-line garrison.

After the expiration of the service period, the soldier who has performed well and has qualified professional skills will be given access to the field unit of the engineer corps, and from then on he will become an enviable technical soldier,

Those soldiers whose conditions do not meet the requirements of the army and who are unwilling to continue the construction work of the project will, after the expiration of their service period, choose to receive a military salary subsidy according to their own wishes, or respond to the call of the state to go to the newly developed prefectures and counties to receive a reward of 50 acres of cultivated land or 500 acres of pasture grassland given priority by the state, and start a new life in a newly reclaimed homeland.

The local industrial development has significant advantages over the general late-developing countries, but because of the limitations of the times and the relative shortage of the country's population, the number of people that can be accommodated by light and heavy industries accounts for only a small part, and the ordinary workers engaged in the industrial field, the annual salary and salary, compared with a family of six, with 100 acres of cultivated land or 1,000 acres of pasture, does not occupy an economic advantage, so at the end of the nineteenth century, South America, a place where agricultural development is more beneficial than industrial development, After the completion of their service period, more engineers chose to go to the newly developed prefectures and counties, and their families were given 50 or 60 acres, 100 acres of cultivated land, or 500 to 1,000 acres of pasture.

The core of the Han Empire is the vast plain of La Plata and the endless pampas steppe, in the central region, the grassland area is wider, a family immigrating 500 acres to 1,000 acres of grassland, can raise hundreds to 1,000 cattle and sheep and livestock, and compared with the cultivated fields, a family with the same population, can get nearly ten times more pasture land, the cattle and sheep produced on the pasture, the selling price is also higher than the grain, for this reason, more and more people see the sweetness, It is more inclined to choose pastures with less labor occupation and high output ratio as the foundation of starting a family.

The boundary between farming and pastoral peoples quickly mixed and even disappeared in the Han Kingdom of South America, the reason for this is that although the Pampas region is dominated by grasslands, the local rainfall is far more than 400 mm, and the Pampas grasslands do not have the common extreme weather such as drought and cold in the Mongolian grasslands, but the climate is mild, which is very suitable for Chinese habitation, but because of special reasons, the pastures have not been replaced by forests.

Therefore, those Chinese people who raise livestock do not need to experience the test of nomads facing the harsh natural environment, they can settle in an area according to their original living habits, and plant trees near the houses where they live, because the rain is abundant, the trees planted near the houses can grow normally, but there are few trees on the grasslands where no one lives, as for the reason, neither Li Mingyuan nor ordinary Chinese people are clear, and they only attribute this phenomenon to a type unique to South America.