Yuan Chonghuan can show his hands in his life, and that's all he can do.

In this battle, in Wei Bao's view, Yuan Chonghuan basically won by lying down.

Whoever goes can lie down and win.

Ningyuan City was heightened and strengthened by Sun Chengzong, a city is a complete military town, all of them can fight, and it is very difficult to attack the fortifications.

In addition, Gaodi is in a comprehensive retreat, how can Nurhachi let go of such a good opportunity, and if he gets Ningyuan City, it is equivalent to getting all the territory outside the Guan, and the Jinzhou defense line will collapse in an instant.

Then Nurhachi was educated by the Ming army, the emaciated camel was bigger than the horse, and the Ming army still had a set of defending the city, plus there were cannons.

Sun Chengzong has now returned to his hometown, Gao Di has no ability, basically does not understand military affairs, the reason why he proposed to withdraw all the soldiers and horses outside the Guan, on the one hand, this has been proposed a long time ago.

In addition, this was instructed by Wei Zhongxian, otherwise Gao Di would not dare to do this.

Gao Di has been spoiled by Wei Bao, and he eats and drinks in Shanhaiguan all day long, so he doesn't have to worry about anything.

At present, the focus of the debate between the DPRK and China is naturally on whether or not to withdraw the troops stationed outside the Kansai area.

The eunuchs supported the withdrawal, but this kind of thing is not easy to say explicitly.

The Donglin Party is something that the eunuch party supports, and it has always been opposed!

In particular, it is politically correct not to withdraw troops, or even to expand the use of troops outside the border and expand the territory outside the border.

The two focuses, reflected in personnel, are the removal of Jiliao Jing and the slightly higher level.

What Gao Di understood in Wei Bao was that it was not the Donglin Party, nor was it the Eunuch Party, but a neutral faction that favored the Eunuch Party.

In the original history, after Gao Di was squeezed away by Yuan Chonghuan, in the Chongzhen Dynasty, he was reinstated, and he was an official for a period of time, and he belonged to the rehabilitation officials who were persecuted by the eunuch party.

Originally, after being suppressed by the eunuch party's continuous high-pressure policy, the Donglin Party no longer had much ability to fight back.

But the dislike between Wei Bao and Wei Zhongxian brought them a ray of light.

Now that Wei Bao is a popular person in the dynasty, everyone has received the news that the emperor intends to promote Wei Bao to be the governor of Haiphong and the governor of Yamen! Moreover, everyone also knows that the initiator of the two new policies of opening up sea trade, downsizing and unified management of the Daming Sailor is Wei Bao.

All this shows that Wei Bao's political weight in the DPRK and China is rising sharply.

In addition, the British Duke is Wei Bao's father-in-law, and he has such a strong backer, which increases Wei Bao's political weight.

A person like Wei Bao is not all the way to the eunuch party, whether it is to the Donglin party or not, the people of the Donglin party will be boosted by morale and feel that the eunuch party is nothing more than that.

In such a political context, the Jin merchants began to move again.

Jin merchants actually belong to the neutral faction, it is difficult to say that there is a eunuch color, and it is difficult to say that there is a Donglin party color, businessmen are mercenary, whoever is in power, will be biased towards whom, which is very similar to Wei Bao.

During the Ming Dynasty, the Jin merchants started by dealing in border defense military supplies, and obtained "salt introduction" and silver taels by transporting military rations.

Shanxi merchants took North China as their territory, entered and exited the south of the Yangtze River, and competed with Hui merchants, and during the Ming and Qing dynasties, their influence extended to Sichuan.

The rise of the Jin merchants was related to the northern frontier defense of the Ming Dynasty.

In order to prevent the Mongol invasion, the Ming Dynasty stationed a large army on the front line of the Great Wall, and basically relied on Tuntian for self-sufficiency.

However, the local land is barren, the harvest is not much, and the soldiers cannot concentrate on farming, so there is a shortage of food, and the recruitment of soldiers is gradually increasing, transportation is inconvenient, and military pay has become a major problem.

The Ming Dynasty then relied on the democratic movement in the northern provinces of North China, or the Cao movement, or adopted methods such as nano atonement.

Among them, the opening of China and France played an important role, calling merchants to transport military rations, rice, wheat, bean grass, etc. to the border, giving salt, and selling them within a certain range.

In the Song Dynasty, there was a compromise law, but the scale was not large, but the open method included the salt amount in most of the country's salt-producing areas.

Kaizhong merchants were concurrently engaged in grain and salt sales, monopolizing the sale of salt and obtaining huge profits.

After Yongle, merchants managed their own fields in the north, or bought grain from farmers at low prices and hoarded it.

The Kaizhong method is mainly practiced in Shanxi and Shaanxi, where many merchants gather for business.

Local merchants took advantage of the location and gradually rose to the top.

Between the loess cliffs, they dug earthen kilns to store grain, and the kilns were dry, so that the grain could be preserved for decades, and it could avoid the raids of bandits.

Shanxi merchants were the best at taking advantage of this geographical condition to store grain, accumulate capital through China and France, and then operate the financial industry, expanding to the south of the Yangtze River, trading silk and cotton cloth, and trafficking it to various places.

Pingyang, Zezhou, and Lu'an are the hometowns of Shanxi merchants, and local wealthy merchants often have assets of hundreds of thousands of taels.

They tend to contribute money alone and partner with fellow villagers, called buddies.

The guys are responsible for sharing the various businesses, and they swear to keep nothing private.

Shanxi merchants often cooperated with Shaanxi merchants against other merchants.

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the north gradually opened up, the collection of military salaries was easier, and silver also began to circulate, in addition to the opening of grain, officials began to use silver to buy grain, Kaizhong began to sever direct economic relations with the north, changed to pay silver in the salt producing area, and the imperial court gave silver to the border area.

So the Hui merchants rose up and confronted the Shanxi merchants.

Because there are salt ponds in the south of Shanxi, it is very convenient to sell salt and take salt, so a large amount of capital has been accumulated and Jin merchants have been formed.

In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the salt industry system was changed from the "open middle system" to the "folding color system".

The "color folding system" refers to the right to operate the salt industry to another group of merchants, who can use the money to buy salt in the interior and then transport it to various places to sell.

It was during this period that the Hui merchants arose, gradually surpassing the Jin merchants, and the Jin merchants encountered difficulties in their salt industry operations.

Thanks to the efforts of Wang Chonggu and Zhang Siwei, the people of the Ming Dynasty were allowed to trade with other tribes, countries, and regions such as the Mongols and the Jurchens.

The Jin merchants' careers shifted to foreign trade.

In the Ming Dynasty, Yangzhou merchants had Shanxi but not Anhui, which is a clear proof that the government gave preferential treatment to Shanxi merchants and discriminated against Huizhou merchants.

Even in the early Qing Dynasty, the political superiority of Shanxi merchants remained unshaken.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Jin merchants smuggled a large amount of grain, clothing, cooking utensils, metals and gunpowder banned by the Ming Dynasty to the Later Jin regime; It even included the military and strategic intelligence needed for the Later Jin invasion of the Central Plains.

In return, the Later Jin regime exchanged ginseng, deer antler velvet, animal skins, and valuables looted from the Central Plains.

Among them, the Shanxi merchant Fan Yongdou is the most typical, through the transaction with the Later Jin regime, the Shanxi Fan family has accumulated a lot of wealth, as if the leader of the Jin merchants.

According to the record of "Qing Shilu", in the third year of the Mandate of Heaven, in 1618, there were 16 traders in Fushun in Shandong, Shanxi, Hedong, Hexi, Suzhou and Hangzhou.

Objectively, the trade behavior of the Jin merchants created positive conditions for the Manchurian civilization to invade the Central Plains civilization.

The Manchurians used the Shanxi merchants closest to Beijing to take on financial tasks, and when they were in Nurhachi, they had already traded with Shanxi merchants in Fushun, buying and selling ginseng, mink skins, pearls, etc.

After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, they appointed Jin merchants as merchants of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The Eight Great Jin Merchants at the end of the Ming Dynasty were the Eight Great Imperial Merchants at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, and it is said that there were 100 million taels of silver hidden in the cellar, and these merchants accelerated the fall of the Ming Dynasty.

Compared with them, Qiao Guangjin, the Jin merchant boss in the capital, is nothing, at most, he is a more powerful businessman except for the eight Jin merchants, in front of Fan Yongdou, he is just a dog.

What made Wei Bao curious was that the Jin merchants were so rich, in the original history, until the Ming Dynasty collapsed, the peasant army did not move them.

It is impossible for hundreds of robber leaders in the northwest to know that these Jin merchants are very rich.

These robbers are lawless, and the emperor's relatives dare to kill them, and they will definitely not care about these merchants.

Why didn't they rob these merchants, why did they let them survive until the beginning of the Qing Dynasty.

This has always been what makes Wei Bao more confused, if Wei Bao chooses the development of the peasant military regime, he will definitely be the first to set up a Jin business.

According to Wei Bao's analysis, the peasant army did not run a Jin business, and it is estimated that it is still not strong enough to run it.

First of all, the Jin merchants had a certain relationship with the Manchu Qing outside the Guan, and they might rob the Jin Chamber of Commerce and directly fight with the Manchus.

Second, Jin merchants are mainly distributed in the Jinzhong region, and Taiyuan, as one of the nine important towns, is in Jinzhong.

If Li Zicheng's exile army attacked the Jin merchants, it might lead to the encirclement and suppression of Taiyuan and Datong's elite border army of the Ming Dynasty, and the gains outweighed the losses.

There is no doubt that the Jin merchants must have colluded with the border army, so Wei Bao guessed that if Li Zicheng plundered the Jin merchants, he would inevitably fight the Taiyuan border army.

Thirdly, it is not necessary.

The wealth of the Ming Dynasty was mainly in the hands of the clan and the landlords and gentry, robbing the clan and robbing the township could already make Li Zicheng eat with a mouthful of oil, where was the use of robbing Fan Yongdou's gang of rich people and robbing the Jin merchants with such a big risk.

These Jin merchants must have a certain amount of military force to protect themselves, and if they collude with the Ming army and Jiannu, their strength will be even stronger.

As for the Jin merchants accelerating the demise of the Ming Dynasty, Wei Bao felt that there must be, not the main reason.

Wei Bao always believed that the internal problems of the Ming Dynasty were the main problems, and the Jin merchants were just reselling the materials.

If in the era of Zhu Yuanzhang in the early Ming Dynasty, no matter how much it was resold, what was the Ming Dynasty afraid of.

Later generations of merchants sold things to Mongolia, and surely no one would have thought that this would threaten the security of China.

Therefore, the Central Plains Dynasty was ahead of the world's productivity level at that time, as long as there was internal unity and a strong central government, the ten Manchu Qing Dynasty were not enough to fight the Central Plains Dynasty.

The death of the Ming Dynasty is composed of many factors, and party struggle is one of them, but the responsibility for party struggle does not lie with the eunuch party or Donglin. When party disputes are often mentioned, the general understanding is that two groups of interest groups that seek public and private interests forcibly tear apart regardless of the life and death of the country. There is little reflection on the role and influence of the monarch in partisanship. In addition, it is generally believed that famous party disputes in history have occurred during the turbulent period of the government and the opposition, and often have very bad results, but I think this is a typical attribution error. In fact, party struggles run through almost all of China's political history, and only those that have had a very bad impact will be remembered. A careful study of the essence of party struggle is nothing more than two or more groups of interests engaged in a game and struggle for the core interests of their small groups. Conflict of interest is the intrinsic motivation of party disputes. In addition to the famous Tang Dynasty Niu Li Party Dispute, the Northern Song Dynasty New and Old Party Dispute, the Ming Dynasty Eunuch Donglin Party Dispute, the degree of fierce tearing is well known to the world, in fact, the two Han Dynasty relatives, eunuch struggle, Cao Wei clan and scholar struggle, etc., can also be regarded as a huge impact of party disputes, some of which have lasted for hundreds of years. Even when the monarchy was dominant, the party struggle was nothing more than a change from open struggle to secret fighting. Can partisanship be put an end to? The so-called division of people into groups, family background, region, and official history have inevitably forced officials to be classified, and whether or not to form a party is just a word game on the lips of historians. Where there is a party, there must be contention, and even if one party is dominant, there will be subdivisions within the party, and it is still no different from party struggle. Party struggle is not necessarily related to the collapse of the country, and in some periods, party struggle promotes the development of feudal dynasties, and the key lies in the role played by the monarch. Even some recognized Ming monarchs had to face the test of party struggle during their reign, such as Li Shimin, Zhu Di, Kangxi, etc., but they were all relatively well resolved. A good ruler must understand the art of political balance, and at the same time be able to make decisions at critical moments, find the greatest common divisor among various interest groups, and unite internal forces to the greatest extent. On the other hand, Chongzhen can undoubtedly be classified as the worst ruler. When the Central Plains regime was still in the stage of inseparable victory and defeat in the war with the minority regime, the Central Plains regime surrendered to the minority and rebelled against the number of high-ranking generals, and the Chongzhen Dynasty was unsurpassed; In the battle with the peasant rebel army, there were many guards who opened the door and surrendered, and even the city of the capital was broken in three days, and only one of the Chongzhen Dynasty was found. The internal bureaucracy has deviated from morality to such a point that it has a lot to do with Chongzhen's lack of political skills, specifically starting with the party struggle. Although Wanli and Tianqi Ming Dynasty have signs of qi decline, the power center is still controlled, the Liao Kou is rampant but the Guanjin defense line is impregnable, and the existence of Mao Wenlong makes it like a thorn in the throat, although the peasant uprisings have occurred one after another, but the imperial military system can still be effectively suppressed. In general, if the measures are appropriate, Chongzhen may not be the king of the country. It is a pity that Chongzhen's second illness ruthlessly devastated the country, and as soon as he came to power, he disposed of Wei Zhongxian, and the bureaucratic system collapsed from then on, and no one could have enough prestige to carry out the orders of the empire to the grassroots level. What's worse is that under the pressure of the Donglin Party, all the so-called eunuchs will never be hired, this kind of large-scale political purge in the heyday of fashion and nerve-wracking, in the troubled times is even more self-destruction, since then the Donglin Party is dominant, and endangers the authority of the imperial power, politically both to clean reputation and interests, the White Lotus is they are all due, naturally all the black-faced scenes by your emperor alone. There is no right or wrong in front of interests, and when you clear all the obstacles for an interest group, he will quickly become a devil. Chongzhen will not understand why he is so diligent and thoughtful, why he is diligent and thrifty but corrupt officials everywhere, why he can be a king and die but lacks generals who can repay the country with death. I suspect that there must be the following ridiculous obsession in his mind: that the scholar should have the highest goal of realizing the way of the sages to govern the world, and that it is shameful to pursue profit; thinks that the highest ideal of a military general should be a horse leather shroud, even if the emperor points out that you are going to die, you will not hesitate to go to the soup; It is believed that the whole world is not the king's land, and all the subjects are gifts from the emperor, and if the emperor takes it back, he must accept it gladly. When he found that none of his subjects had the noble sentiments he had imagined, he demanded the world as he wished like a child with a tantrum. No promising monarch will be as naïve as Chongzhen, the so-called way of the sage and the so-called gentleman's discipline are just the superficial rhetoric of feudal education, covering up the unspeakable places of human nature. The original driving force of human society has always been just "the world is bustling, all for profit". I will give two more examples of party struggles in ancient and modern times, both in China and abroad, to see how qualified political skills are operated. During the period of Song Renzong, the world was peaceful, the core area of the empire did not know soldiers for 42 years, the number of people and household registrations rose to the peak of history, and three of the four major inventions came from the Renzong period. But the undercurrent is surging, the disputes between Taiwan and Taiwan are continuous, and Ouyang Xiu even wrote the famous "Theory of Friends", Renzong's stinky chess may bury the country. Throughout the reign of Renzong, factional disputes continued but never affected the efficiency of the administration, no matter how fierce the struggle was, the most was exile from the foreign office, and the prime minister changed like a marquee, no faction or group could dominate, but the operation of the empire had no impact at all, and the outside could guard the border and the inside could win the hearts of the people. What's more, whether it is a promoted or released official, all of them are loyal to Renzong, and they are grateful, and when Renzong died, the Chinese and foreign subjects were all in pain, and the people of the time said that "the Son of Heaven will not do anything, and he will be an official." In the Zhongrenzong Dynasty, no courtier was finally defined as a traitorous minister, thinking deeply, isn't it the blessing of Tuorenzong? The political maneuver is like this, although it is weak on the surface, it is inviolable. Another example is Bhumibol the Great, who died in Thailand not long ago. During his 70-year reign, Bhumibol experienced 19 coups d'état that led to fierce clashes between the military and the government, and his authority remained unremarkable. The fuse of the coup d'état is generally due to the government is forced by the public opinion to remove the privileges of the army, and the development of the military in order to maintain the privileges and do not hesitate to launch a coup d'état to announce the takeover of the government, during which often causes a large number of casualties, to clean up the mess when Bhumibol the Great appeared, first scolded the two sides for nonsense regardless of the life and death of the people, and then asked the two sides to reconcile, the two sides kneeling at the feet of the emperor very cooperatively received the decree thanksgiving, and finally the military returned to the government, and the relevant reforms of the government could not be completed. For 70 years, this routine has been tried and tested, and even the prestige of the emperor has been enhanced after each coup d'état, and after the coup d'état, the Thai people all feel that "only the emperor can save Thailand". In such a country where the whole country is poor, full of ladyboys, and has the richest royal family in the world, Bhumibol the Great can still capture the hearts of the people and be admired by all the people, and his political skills can only make me wait and admire. Edited on 2017-12-25?Approve 14?? 2 comments? Share? Collection? Like? Collapse? Nine ordinary young people agreed with the answer, and the so-called party struggle is that officials form parties and attack each other for political interests. This struggle for power and profit is not a matter of one person, but also involves thousands of people, as well as the career space of future generations. Therefore it will be terrible. Song Mingdi's party struggle: "If one faction falls, not only will the parties be dismissed and demoted, but a large number of people will be involved. It is even more of a disaster to the children and grandchildren, and it will be difficult for the future generations to have a great development in the official career, this contention. It will not change with one person and one heart, but will be eased. "Song's party struggle has ruined the change. And continued to the Southern Song Dynasty. A hundred years of trouble. In the late Ming Dynasty, the Donglin Party and the Zhejiang-Qichu Party, and even the later disputes with the Eunuch Party, laid a deep foreshadowing for the eventual demise of the Ming Dynasty. In this battle over the past few decades, no matter what the brand is for the country and the people, in fact, it is for the same party and future generations, competing for career space. This can be clearly demonstrated from the fact that the Donglin Party controlled the southern imperial examination in the future, and it was difficult for non-Donglin Party members to win the examination. In the early years of the Apocalypse, after the complete victory of the Donglin Party, there was a short period of Zhongzheng Ying Dynasty, do you know what Zhong Zheng Ying Dynasty means? It can be said that the important official positions of the Manchu Dynasty are all Donglin. forced the Zhejiang, Qi and Chu Yu parties to take refuge in the eunuchs they looked down on the most, and aroused the emperor's vigilance, so that the eunuchs gained power, Donglin was collectively killed by Wei Zhongxian, and the border generals, such as Xiong Tingbi, etc., were destroyed. From the Song Dynasty to the end of the Ming Dynasty, the scholars suffered tragic persecution, and there was no one on the right side of the Donglin Party. Without the support of the emperor and the promotion of the Zhejiang, Qi and Chu Yu parties, why is Wei Zhongxian a eunuch? What is for the country and the people, this is really ridiculous. Once the party fights, it is a struggle for living space, and in the most tolerant Song Dynasty, this failure will also affect generations of descendants. How tragic is this? How much mercy and righteousness is there?

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