After Gongren and Feng Guozhang became brothers, they had more time to talk about military affairs on the horse, and they both had a feeling of seeing each other late. After talking about military affairs on the horse, Gong Ren dismounted and marched, also wanting to see if his body could hold on to the end, but he also felt that time passed quickly, and every day was very fulfilling.

After a rapid march on the 7th, the troops arrived at the small station in Tianjin, and rows of old and new barracks appeared in front of them. Of the 200 recruits who came out of Xuzhou, a lot of them have been eliminated, and so far there are more than 100 people left. Fortunately, the 10 people in the triad were all carefully selected in advance, all of them were healthy and resolute, but they were very neat and did not leave a single one behind.

Before the Qing Dynasty trained troops at Yuan Shikai's small station, there were three military systems: the earliest were "flag soldiers" and "green battalions", and after Zeng Guofan organized the township regiments, the so-called Hunan army and Huai army, the official name was "Yongying".

The flag soldier was the original military system of the Qing Dynasty. Originally, there were only four flags, which were divided into yellow flags, white flags, red flags, and blue flags according to the colors of the flags; Later, four flags were added, which were inlaid with yellow flags, inlaid with white flags, inlaid with red flags, and inlaid with blue flags. It is to call the original yellow, white, red, and blue as the yellow flag, the white flag, the red flag, and the blue flag as the left wing, and the four flags such as yellow are arranged as the right wing, which is the original strength before the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, and is collectively called "two wings and eight flags". Later, due to the annexation of Mongolia, the "Mongolian Eight Banners" were reduced, and the original one was called the "Manchurian Eight Banners". After entering the customs, due to the surrender and reorganization of the Ming army, there were "eight banners of the Han army". The total number of soldiers in these 24 banners is 280,000.

After the Qing Dynasty unified China, the most basic units of the flag soldiers were organized into "forbidden flags", and the forbidden flags were all soldiers who fought the world at the foot of Changbai Mountain, and they were responsible for Beijing's security and national defense responsibilities, which was equivalent to the central army. The remaining 24 banners of Han, Mongolia, and Manchu have about 200,000 people, and they are stationed in various provinces and important towns, thinking that they are the force of the Han people, and they are called "garrisoning the eight banners".

The officers and soldiers of the flag battalion were hereditary, born with food, and after several transmissions, corruption was extreme, and some of them were listed in the army without knowing what a bow and crossbow were. In the middle of Guangxu, foreign insults were becoming more and more urgent, and the far-sighted princes and ministers of the Manchus had the idea of rectifying the banner camp and sending the children of the Eight Banners to study abroad, such as Yinchang and Liangbi. At the same time, it actively sorted out the flag soldiers stationed in various provinces, and selected the strong ones to form the "Eight Banners Training Battalion"; There are "foreign spear corps", "foreign gun and horse corps", "preparation horse team", "foreign gun infantry team" and so on, and instructors are hired for new-style training. However, the children of the Eight Banners were accustomed to being pampered, and the Manchurians' spirit of being brave and vigorous had been completely lost, so the rectification was brought to order, and the corruption of the banner camp had reached an incorrigible level.

The Qing army, which was formed later than the "flag battalion", was the "green battalion", and the green battalion and the flag battalion were both called "economic control soldiers", that is, the country's army. The system of the green battalion is completely imitated by the lighting generation, and all the officers and soldiers are Han nationality, because the color of the flag used is green, so it is called the green battalion.

The green battalion is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War, and the national barracks can be divided into two types: "in Beijing" and "outside". The "Green Battalion in Beijing" was under the command of the infantry army commander (i.e., the Admiral of the Nine Gates); It is divided into two wings, the left and right wings, each with a general army, and under the general army is the city defense battalion, with deputy generals, staff generals, guerrillas, capital divisions, garrison and other officers. Another part is in the Beijing Green Battalion, which belongs to the Governor of Caoyun and is responsible for protecting Cao, and its position is equivalent to that of the road guard. As for the "green battalion outside", it is directly subordinate to the provinces and is dispatched by the governor or governor in moderation, so the official title of the governor of each province has the item of "controlling military affairs and managing food and salary", which refers to the green battalion. The officers commanding the Green Battalion include commanders, commanders, adjutant generals, staff generals, guerrillas, capital divisions, garrisons, thousand generals, hundred generals, and foreign commissioners. The establishment of the army is based on battalions, with one person in charge and 500 men in each battalion. The total number of green camps nationwide is about 500,000. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the green camp was overpaid, and the amount was too inflated, and when it was reviewed, it was filled with hired market scoundrels, and the military attache was born from donations, and the army was short of more than half, and it was extremely corrupt, so that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom army was prosperous, and the green camp was eliminated.

The flag camp and the green camp became waste, and Zeng Guofan recruited the indigenous people to train the "Yong Battalion", which was later famous and suppressed the Hunan army and Huai army of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Due to the performance of this war, the Yongying actually obtained the status of the national army, and the flag battalion was formed into a fictitious formation, and the green battalion was the only remaining form, so the Yongying became the only force inside and outside the Qing court. The equipment of the Yong battalion is mainly used with bows, arrows, swords and spears, supplemented by shotguns and fire. Li Hongzhang of the Huai Army asked the British Gordon to train the foreign gun team, which was the beginning of the adoption of new ordnance for China.

Yongying's military discipline is very bad, captive, rape and kill, regarded as commonplace, Zeng Guoquan's soldiers are especially bad, when they invade Nanjing, the whole city is in ruins, and a small soldier is full of thousands of dollars; At that time, the Qing court's rewards were too indiscriminate, so after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom war, the corruption of the Yongying camp was unspeakable. The generals of the Hunan and Huai armies were also proud of their achievements, and they were defeated in several foreign wars, especially in the First Sino-Japanese War, when the Huai army Wei Rugui was wiped out, and the disadvantages of the old army were completely exposed, so the Qing court decided to eliminate the old army and train the new army.

In the First Sino-Japanese War, after hearing the news of the defeat of the Qing army, Yuan Shikai sent a series of telegrams to Sheng Xuanhuai, pointing out that the old-style army was far from being able to meet the requirements of modern warfare, and suggested that the new army should be trained urgently and the military system, operation methods, and equipment should be reformed. He said: In the Qing Dynasty, "all armies did not know about guns," and the fast artillery transported from Tianjin had no saddle sets, horses, and oil, and the shells were less than 10 minutes old. The soldier "does not aim at the star" with a gun, but knows that Toping fights indiscriminately, and it is difficult to hit, "how can you resist the enemy"?! He also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of both sides, "Kou Lian soldiers purely use Western methods, can learn Western-style weapons, use internal and external coordination, reward and punishment clearly, give strict orders, and have one power, no expense." I am all the opposite, and the total number of those who dare to fight in each army is only six or seven thousand, and it is too simple to defend all roads, and I am afraid that the more the battle will become, the worse it will be, and the more difficult it will be." Xiang Xuanhuai suggested: If there is money raised, it is advisable to quickly invite famous teachers to recruit thousands of apprentices, and the instructors should pay attention to Western law and change the military system. For the sake of the future, this military situation is by no means something that the old military can handle, and the guns and cannons are useless, how can it be? In the end, he also recommended himself: if he trains the new army, "my brother is willing to be the overseer, and he will be rewarded."

Yuan Shikai not only conveyed his views on the formation and training of the new army to the military commander through Sheng Xuanhuai, Hu Liaodi, and others, but also carried out activities in various ways and directly appealed to the military commander for the formation and training of the new army. He repeatedly called Liu Kunyi, the minister of the Imperial Mission, and put forward suggestions for rectifying the army.

The disastrous defeat of the army in the First Sino-Japanese War and the annihilation of the Beiyang Naval Division made the Qing Dynasty painfully appreciate the power of foreign strong ships and artillery and new-style armies, clearly saw the corruption and incompetence of China's old army, and realized the importance of rapidly reforming the old army and organizing and training the new army. In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), the Qing court began to prepare for the construction of a new army, and selected young people to go abroad to study military affairs; the establishment of a military academy; Hu Liao, the envoy of Lu Yan and the Guangxi Inspectorate, organized and trained the 10th battalion of the Dingwu Army, and Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Liangjiang, organized and trained the 13th battalion of the Ziqiang Army. Among them, the Dingwu Army partly adopts Western methods; The Self-Strengthening Army hired German instructors, all imitated the German system, and all new equipment.

In July of the 20th year of Guangxu, Emperor Guangxu summoned Yuan Shikai. Yuan Shikai seized the opportunity to generously learn about the ills of the old army and the methods of training and armament making, and urged Chen Fei to change his course and could not resist external troubles, and was praised by Emperor Guangxu and sent him to the important organization responsible for rectifying the old army and reforming the new army to supervise the military affairs department. Yuan Shikai's first goal was achieved.

However, Yuan Shikai's role in supervising the military affairs office was dispensable, and it was difficult for him to display his ambitions and the talent for managing the army that he had cultivated over the years. Yuan Shikai was familiar with the habits of Qing Dynasty officialdom, and he mobilized almost all the old relationships of his uncle Yuan Jiasan, his cousin Yuan Baoheng, Yuan Baoling, and his adoptive father Yuan Baoqing when they were in Beijing, and moved around, drilling camps in all directions, giving gifts and gifts, bribing them with money, asking for apprentices, and marrying Jinlan ...... Open the door to the upper group. The core figures of the Later Party, the core figures of the Imperial Party, the confidants of the Empress Dowager Cixi of the West, the master of the Guangxu Emperor, the Manchu nobles, and the leaders of the Qingliu Party, such as Ronglu of the Ministry of War, Prince Gong Yixun, Prince Qing Yixuan, Minister of Military Aircraft and Shangshu Weng Tonggong of the Ministry of Households, and Li Hongzao, Minister of Military Aircraft, were all involved in Yuan Shikai. Li Hongzao "greatly appreciated" Yuan Shikai, believing that he was "a talented general from a family background and skilled in military strategy." If he is ordered to train an army, "he will be able to correct the shortcomings of China's green and defense battalions" and "speak urgently to the court." Weng Tonggong said that Yuan Shikai "is not slippery, but he can also do it". Rong Lu specifically instructed Yuan Shikai to "prepare various methods for practicing foreign exercises in his spare time" and submit them, and then promote his military talents. Later, the famous "Three Governors of the Southeast" Liu Kunyi, Zhang Zhidong, and Li Hongzhang also wrote good things for Yuan Shikai. The above-mentioned people have strict parties and deep contradictions with each other, but they are all praised and unanimously recommended Yuan Shikai, a small former commercial commissioner in North Korea. Of course, there are factors that Yuan Shikai plays a role in meeting the horse and climbing the powerful, but if he doesn't have two hands, it won't work!

According to Rong Lu's instructions, Yuan Shikai immediately drew up a complete set of plans for the formation and training of the new army, including the battalion system, salaries and medals, and contracts for hiring foreign officers for the proposed new army, and submitted it to the Military Affairs Office for supervision. "If you don't have the right time to measure up the situation, sweep away the more open, use the Western method, and train seriously, then the lessons of the past are very chilling." Because "it is true that the original performance of Xiantai is true, I have to make up for the plan of changing ruts."

At the end of the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), the superintendent of the Military Affairs Department Yixuan, Li Hongzao, Changlin, Weng Tonggong and others agreed on three things: 1. Hu Liao, who was originally stationed in the small station to train the 10th battalion of the Dingwu Army, was reappointed as the superintendent of the Jinlu Railway; Second, Yuan Shikai took over the training of the new army; 3. Ordered Yinchang to select the soldiers of the Eight Banners to enter the Martial Arts Academy. Subsequently, the princes and ministers of military aircraft formally asked the imperial court to change the military system, create a new army in Tianjin, and send personnel to supervise the training. It is played as follows:

Since the flattening of Guangdong and Twist (referring to the Taiping Army and the Twist Army), China has followed the old law, and the habits have gradually deepened, and there are many evils, which is very difficult. Now if you want to emphasize the way of self-improvement, you must first train the troops; If you want to have a strong army, you must especially reform the old system.

It was found that Yuan Shikai, the commissioner of the Military Affairs Department of Zhejiang Wen, was simple and brave, knew how to fight the machine, and was quite prestigious in North Korea before. Because of the detailed drafting of the method for the training of foreign troops, it is very thorough to submit the contract for hiring foreign personnel and the new army battalion system, salary and stamps, and the ministers to review in detail. Accordingly, he asked Yuan Shikai to supervise the training of the newly built army, and assumed the power to take responsibility. Now we will first set up 10 battalions, 3,000 infantry, 1,000 artillery, 250 horses, and 500 engineers. And recruit 2,000 infantry troops and 250 horse troops, a total of 7,000 people, that is, according to the proposed camp system and salary medal of the road.

The Qing court approved this performance, and immediately ordered Yuan Shikai to go to Tianjin to take over the 10th battalion of Hu Liao's Dingwu Army, thinking that it was the basis for reforming the new army, and told Yuan Shikai: It is very difficult to raise money when thinking about the Tao, and it is easy to change the law, so he will be strictly trained and everything will be verified. If you still follow the habit of brave camping, the only way is to ask!

Yuan Shikai obtained the real power to supervise the training of the new army, and 8 days later went to the small station to take over the Dingwu army. His second goal was reached.

Xiaozhan Town, also known as Xinnong Town, borders the Bohai Sea in the east, is located in the middle of the Dagu fortress leading to Tianjin, only more than 60 miles away from Tianjin, only 300 miles away from Beijing, and is the south gate of Beijing and Tianjin. Its transportation is convenient, the area is vast, the population is sparse, and it is suitable for raising troops in Tuntian. Therefore, in history, there has long been training troops in small stations.

In the 13th year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1874), Li Hongzhang was ordered by the Empress Dowager Cixi to send Zhou Shengchuan, the general of the Huai Army, to lead "more than 7,000 Sheng troops from Hefei, Anhui Province to the small station area of Tianjin, guarding the Dagu fortress, and training troops for 20 years. The locals call it "Lao Sheng Army", and there are 7 camps - Shengzi Battalion, Chuanzi Battalion (named after Zhou Shengchuan), Zhengying, Laozuo Battalion, Hou Battalion, Front Battalion, and Deputy Battalion.

In the Sino-Japanese War in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), the Sheng army was transferred to the northeast to fight against the Japanese army, and the whole army was wiped out, and the barracks of the small station were empty. Hu Liao, the envoy of Changlu Salt and the envoy of Guangxi, was ordered to organize and train the Dingwu New Army, which was originally stationed in Tianjin Racecourse, but was moved here because the barracks were not enough. Hu Liao's Dingwu Army had 10 battalions near the small station, equipped with foreign guns and artillery, and was divided into four arms: infantry, artillery, engineering, and cavalry. There were 3,000 infantry, 1,000 artillery, 500 engineers, and 250 cavalry, for a total of 4,750 men. German instructor Hannagen was hired to lead the training.

The newly built army adopts the German and Japanese structures, and is divided into infantry, artillery, horse, engineering, and baggage arms. The infantry team is the mainstay, the artillery team is supplemented, the horse team patrols, and the engineering team is temporarily dispatched. Among them, there are 5,000 infantry teams, divided into left and right wings, and 2 commanders are set up. 2 battalions on the left flank, 3 battalions on the right flank. There are battalions, teams, sentry posts, and sheds under the wings; The infantry team has 1,000 people per battalion, with 1 commander and 1 assistant commander, and is divided into 4 teams; Each team has 250 people, and the 4 teams have a total of 4 leaders, 12 sentinels, 24 sentinels, and 4 supervising platoon chiefs. The left flank was met by a heavy artillery team, and the right flank by a rapid artillery team. The 1st Artillery Battalion has a total of 1,000 people, with 1 commander and 1 member, divided into 3 teams of the right wing rapid artillery team, the left wing heavy artillery team and the receiving horse artillery team. The 1st battalion of the horse team has a total of 500 people, with 1 commander and 1 assistant commander, and is divided into 4 teams; The 1st Battalion of the Engineering Team has a total of 500 people, with 1 pipe band, 1 assistant and 1 committee member, and is divided into 6 divisions of bridges, barriers, electric mines, machinery repair, surveying and mapping, and telegraph.

The armament of the new army was all based on the new and uniform Manlisa rifles, carbines, pistols and Grusen rapid-fire guns purchased from Germany; The whole army is equipped with 2,400 tents made of foreign canvas; Every second battalion is equipped with a marching radio; Each whistle is equipped with a foreign watch, binoculars and a compass; Each officer is equipped with a sword and a pistol; Each soldier is equipped with a foreign raincoat, a rain cap and a blanket. In terms of military organization, the new army has set up a new army supervision and training office, and Yuan Shikai has served as the supervision and training officer. It has three battalion offices, namely, staff officers, law enforcement, and supervision, as well as a food and salary bureau, an ordnance bureau, a transit bureau, a military medical bureau, and a teaching and learning office (later renamed the Foreign Affairs Bureau), which are responsible for training, transportation, ordnance, baggage, military law, and the study of Western military affairs.

The new army hired more than 10 German military instructors, as well as Japanese and American military instructors. Among them, Bassens was responsible for the training of the whole army, Boroen was the instructor of the German exercise, Qi Kaifen was the instructor of the artillery team, Mande (Norwegian) was the instructor of the horse team, and Mu Xingli and Wei Bell were the German instructors. The whole army practiced foreign exercises and trained in accordance with the German Army doctrine. Since the training of the new army was still dominated by German military instructors, Yuan Shikai set up a German school in the barracks to teach German. In addition, an accelerated military academy was set up in the small station camp, which was later changed to a lecture hall and hired the German Hannagen as an instructor; In addition, there are military academies and barracks for infantry, artillery, and engineering troops, which teach the art of war, guns, arithmetic, surveying and mapping, geography, and battle formation attack and defense, so as to train new military talents.

The backbone of the officers of the new army mainly comes from three aspects: First, Yuan Shikai's personal cronies, such as Xu Shichang, the general office of the staff and battalion office, is Yuan Shikai's old friend in his hometown of Henan when he was young, and was funded by Yuan Shikai to enter Beijing to take the examination. Second, there were many old subordinates of Yuan Shikai when he was stationed in North Korea. Third, in order to dispel the suspicions of the Manchu magnates in the Qing court, Yuan Shikai specially invited the military backbone recommended by the Minister of War Yin Chang. Yin Chang recommended Wang Shizhen, Duan Qirui, Feng Guozhang and others, graduates of the Wubei Academy. Yuan Shikai appointed Wang Shizhen as the general office of the Engineer Academy and the commander of the artillery, Duan Qirui as the general office of the Artillery Academy and the commander of the engineers, and Feng Guozhang as the general office of the Infantry Academy and the general office of the training battalion. The three academies of infantry, artillery, and engineer were established with the army, and while training, they cultivated cronies. Wang, Duan, and Feng later became Yuan's right-hand men, known as the "Three Heroes of Beiyang", and got the three nicknames of "Dragon", "Tiger", and "Dog". Fourth, Yuan Shikai asked Li Hongzhang to recommend some military talents. Regardless of the military backbone, Yuan Shikai established a close patriarchal relationship similar to that within the Xianghuai Army and the Yongying Defense Army by worshipping his brothers, accepting his son's protégés, engaging in political marriages, and buying money. Yuan Shikai and Xu Shichang became brothers, Duan Qirui became Yuan's godson-in-law, Duan Zhigui was Yuan's godson, and he also said that Zhou, the tutor of He, became Feng Guozhang's stepwife.

On the day the recruits entered the station, they were given new uniforms and a wooden gun for training. This new military uniform is grass green, it is a short dress, a new uniform, it is comfortable to wear on the body, much stronger than the robes and horse coats of the flag camp and the green battalion, and with a big cap and black hiking boots, the whole body looks capable and neat, and each officer has a red rank mark on his shoulder, and the red rank also indicates that it is dyed red by the blood of the soldiers.

The officer of the military band came to teach singing again, and the song was "Song of Persuasion": The song sang: filial piety should be done for the son, and loyalty should be done for the minister. The imperial court borrowed national debts at the expense of heavy salaries to raise soldiers. A soldier eats and wears 100 taels, and the six grades of officials are generally the same. If you don't contribute to the country, the gods and ghosts of heaven and earth will not tolerate it.

Since ancient times, there have been many generals, and Hugh has despised himself as a soldier. First, we must study and practice with our hearts, and make meritorious contributions after learning our skills. Second, we must be really brave in battle, and we should live naturally without dying.

If you keep in mind these words, you will surely exalt your head. If it is completely inadvertent, it is not merciful to fight lightly and kill hard.

The food is not bad, there are vegetables and meat, there is only one bowl of vegetables, and the steamed buns can be eaten casually, which is not a habit for the southerners who eat delicious rice, but they have to settle for a little.

After dinner in the evening, a trumpet sounded, the team gathered together, and the officer of the law enforcement department read out the "Concise Military Law" formulated by Yuan Shikai, which stipulates 18 articles of beheading, which is a military discipline: "Those who advance and retreat without waiting for orders and do not return to the army after the war will be beheaded; Those who review, retreat, and whisper to each other; Those who report falsely and fraudulently reward will be beheaded; Those who fled on errands and were beheaded by fraud; If the card is not strictly guarded, the enemy has to steal and report late, and the first person to frighten away will be beheaded; Those who are ordered to slack off and have a mistake in the battle will be beheaded; The commander was killed in battle, the chief's subordinate officers were not well protected, there were no casualties and the leader was killed in battle, and there were no casualties among the soldiers in the shed. Those who misunderstand the fire in the battle will be beheaded; Those who lose their ordnance on the march and abandon their weapons without being injured in battle will be beheaded; Those who leak secret orders, deliberately increase or decrease their messages, and eavesdrop on secret discussions will be beheaded; Those who harass residents, plunders property, and rapes women are beheaded; Those who form alliances and legislature and make words to confuse the public will be beheaded; Those who scream in the night and go away in chaos are beheaded; armed brawls and crowd comparators; deliberately disobeying military orders and ** the elder of the officer; stealing out at night, leaving the camp and wandering away; Those who deliberately set up arson to disturb the people will be beheaded; Those who smoke foreign cigarettes in the barracks are beheaded. ”

After listening to these 18 cuts, the recruits showed horror on their faces. Gong Ren thought to himself: "This is much more powerful than the discipline of the triad, but I don't know if it can be implemented." ”

As soon as the meeting was over, the magistrate dragged over a recruit and said, "This soldier has just arrived, but someone has found him stealing opium in the barracks, because he doesn't know the military order, and he doesn't know whether he is acting in accordance with military law, so he asks General Feng to decide." ”

Feng Guozhang's face was calm and natural, and he asked the law enforcement officer: "What do you say about these 18 crimes?" The magistrate said: "Whoever smokes foreign cigarettes in the barracks will be killed." ”

The recruit was so frightened that he trembled all over, his legs weakened, and he knelt down and said, "The little ones really don't know how to smoke opium, and the little ones don't know how to smoke opium. ”

(To find out what the life of this recruit is, listen to the next breakdown.) Thank you for your strong support, please collect, please comment, please vote, please vote, please move the gold finger, click on the top or step on it. ）