Dean Zhou's 'Darwinian' theory of evolution, Ye Xiuwen is naturally clear,

In this book, the main thing is about biological evolution.

'Darwin' said: Species are changeable, existing species are changed from other species, and one species can become a new species.

This has now been confirmed by observations and experiments in biogeography, anatomy, embryology, paleontology and molecular biology, and the emergence of new species can be directly observed in the laboratory and in the wild.

Therefore, this is a scientific fact that is as reliable as "the earth is round" and "matter is made up of atoms". Today, with the exception of a few people who ignore the facts because of religious fanaticism, there are practically no biologists who deny the fact of biological evolution.

And 'Darwin', another argument, is the doctrine of common ancestry.

'Darwin' said: All living things come from a common ancestor.

And this has also been discovered and confirmed by molecular biologists.

Molecular biologists discovered that all living things use the same set of genetic code, and biochemistry revealed that all living things are highly consistent at the molecular level, which finally confirmed Darwin's visionary vision. So, this is also a generally accepted scientific fact.

On the other hand, there is the doctrine of natural selection.

Natural selection is the main mechanism of evolution. The existence of natural selection has been confirmed by countless observations and experiments, which is also a scientific fact.

Although it is now generally accepted in the academic community that the use of natural selection is not as widespread as Darwinian envisioned.

That is, all evolutionary phenomena cannot be explained by natural selection. Considering that adaptive evolution is the core phenomenon of biological evolution, it is also valid to say that natural selection is the main mechanism of evolution.

One last point, 'gradual change'.

Gradual change theory means that the pace of biological evolution is gradual, it is a gradual improvement process of accumulation of small dominant variations under the action of natural selection, rather than a leap. This is one of the more controversial parts of Darwin's theory of evolution.

During Darwin's lifetime and for a long time after his death, most biologists, especially paleontologists, believed that biological evolution was capable of leaps, that new forms and organs were the result of large leaps, rather than small variations that accumulated slowly and gradually by natural selection.

Some paleontologists, including Huxley, have held this view because of their emphasis on the discontinuity of fossil organisms. For some time after the birth of genetics, early geneticists also generally accepted the theory of transition because of their emphasis on the discontinuity of inherited traits.

In the 40s of the 20th century, the doctrine of "modern synthesis" successfully combined the doctrine of genetics and natural selection, and the theory of gradual change gradually prevailed. However, in the past two or three decades, the research of paleontology and evolutionary developmental biology has shown that the process of biological evolution is likely to exist in both gradual and leap modes, and the theory of transition has a tendency to rise again.

However, the evolutionary transitions, except in some very special cases (such as the emergence of new species through the hybridization of plants), do not refer to the evolution that occurs between generations or generations, but may have taken thousands, tens of thousands, or even millions of years, but are very brief in terms of geological time.

Of course, Dean Zhou said so much for Ye Xiuwen, definitely not because, he just wanted Ye Xiuwen to review the evolution theory of 'Darwin', but it was related to the information he came up with next.

"Black wolf? I haven't been drinking today, and I'm thinking normally, so don't take what I'm going to say as drunken or crazy, haha! ......" Dean Zhou said, laughing.

"How can this be!" Ye Xiuwen also smiled.

"Yes, black wolf, when we saw this result, we were also shocked!" Dean Kang also said.

And at this time, Yang Mengmeng had already brought the tea. He was also surprised: "You haven't talked about the topic yet?" ”

"Yes! Our old man is a bit rigid in doing things. ”

Dean Kang said, and then continued: "Comrade Black Wolf, the research results this time are indeed unexpected, because in the history of human evolution, I am afraid that I have to fill in again, not only the evolution of ancient apes, but also the species of the canine family. Come and see, this is what the original species we have restored based on the bones you brought and through modern biological genetics. ”

Ye Xiuwen took the color book, his brows were twisted into a pimple, and then he threw the color book on the table and said, "Two deans, isn't this the werewolf that often appears in Western scripts?" ”

"That's right! We originally thought that werewolves were just made up in the movie.

But now, after DNA extracted from this skeleton's skeleton, it has been reconstructed with spectroscopy. This mysterious species has existed for real.

In addition to Australopithecus, there was another canine-like animal that, like humans, learned to walk upright and learned to use tools. Dean Kang said.

"And what about these werewolves?" Ye Xiuwen asked rhetorically.

"These murals are already very revealing." Dr. Kang said, and then showed Ye Xiuwen the enlarged picture of the mural that Ye Xiuwen brought back.

These words, as well as symbols, Ye Xiuwen couldn't understand them, and could only understand very few of them. For example, mountains, flowing water, etc. Because those words and symbols are almost the same as hieroglyphs, or rather, simple paintings.

"Two deans? Did you crack it? Ye Xiuwen asked.

"It's not us, it's another academician of our institute. He is engaged in literary research. The patterns and symbols were deciphered by him. Dean Kang said. Then briefly explained the meaning of those patterns and symbols to Ye Xiuwen.

Dean Kang said that these patterns can be understood as characters, but there are some that are different from ordinary characters. Because this one symbol pattern may express several words, or the meaning of a sentence.

The general meaning of these patterns is that the apes defeated their enemies and drove them further north to the barren lands.

"Barren land?" Ye Xiuwen repeated.

"Yes, it's barren land, although I don't depict what kind of place it is. However, it is estimated that it is a frozen land similar to the Ice Age.

At that time, a warm place is a place where food is plentiful. And being driven into the barren land, then you can imagine. I'm afraid that these ronin clans will rarely survive. ”

Dean Kang explained that Ye Xiuwen understood a rough idea. In other words, in the context of that era, Australopithecus still held a dominant position. The Australopithecus were no match for the Australopithecus, and were driven to even more remote places. In the end, he went to ruin! ......

.com。 Wonderful Book House .com