In the afternoon, the study.

Zhao Xie was here to meet Gongsun Pili, the second disciple of the Mo family.

Gongsun Pili is similar in age to Zhao Xie, wearing coarse cloth clothes, and on the surface, he looks no different from ordinary people.

After saluting, Gongsun Bili first asked: "Dare to ask King Zhao, the 'love' advocated by the Mo family, I don't know if you can agree?" Are you willing to implement it in Zhao State? ”

Although he was attracted by Zhao Xie's skills, he would still be clear about the Mohist ideology, and as in the past, if the monarch did not accept his ideas, it would be difficult to say anything else.

The so-called "contemporaneous love" has a different meaning from the "benevolence" advocated by Confucianism.

Simultaneous love is complete, non-distinctive, and undifferentiated, and it is simply not feasible to advocate that there is no hierarchical distinction in love.

Mohist thought advocates both love, non-aggression, thrift, Ming ghosts, and Tianzhi. Since the founding of the Mohist family, the most difficult thing for the ruler to accept is "love", feudal society is respectful and orderly, how can it be possible to love without distinction between classes.

Gongsun Pili first threw out love, which was to implement the organizational requirements of the Mo family, and he could only endure his interest in skills.

Zhao Xie had long expected that the people of the Mo family would ask this question, and he had already taken corresponding countermeasures. In addition to ideological propositions, the Mohists also attached great importance to the research and practice of science and technology.

Ancient science and technology were backward, and the knowledge of physics, chemistry and biology in modern middle schools condensed the wisdom of human scientific research for thousands of years. The most basic common sense in modern times, when spoken during this period, will be shocking remarks, and even subvert people's cognition; Objects made based on modern basic science and engineering knowledge can become major inventions.

Zhao Xie didn't answer directly, and said, "Mr. Gongsun, do you know what kind of state objects can be divided into?" ”

State? Gongsun Bili heard this word for the first time, frowned and said: "Everything in the world is divided into two types: living and inanimate. Humans, animals, and plants are all living things, and the rest are inanimate dead things. Dare to ask King Zhao, do you agree with the Mohist family's 'love'? ”

Zhao Xie still didn't answer directly, and continued: "You only answer the type of object, not the state. Everything in the world is divided into three states: solid, liquid, and gas. ”

"Solids, liquids, gases? What does this mean? ”

Gongsun Pili was really attracted and no longer asked the original question.

Zhao Xie replied: "The so-called solid is an object with a relatively fixed volume and shape; The so-called liquid has volume and no fixed shape; A gas has neither volume nor shape. ”

King Zhao's explanation, Gongsun Pili suddenly felt novel and mysterious, and his curiosity was suddenly stimulated.

"Is there such an object as gas?"

For solids and liquids, when King Zhao explained it, Gongsun Pili understood it very well, and when it came to gases, this was not something he could immediately understand, there were such objects in the world.

Zhao Xie prompted: "Mr. Gongsun, what do you see, regardless of size and shape? ”

Gongsun Bili pondered and pondered, and soon thought of it, and said happily: "When the water is boiled, something comes out, and when the fire is burned, there will be smoke, and this is the gas?" ”

Zhao Xie gave a thumbs up and nodded in affirmation.

Dividing everything in the world into three states is so accurate that Gongsun Pili was amazed by it.

As Juzi's second disciple, Gongsun Pili is good at discovering and thinking about problems, and relevant questions immediately pop up in his mind.

"The grass people dared to ask King Zhao, why does gas come out after the water is hot?"

The transformation of solids, liquids, and gases belongs to the most basic physical knowledge.

This kind of question, many of the disciples of the Mo family, including him, have thought about it, and no one has ever been able to explain it, and there is no way to explain it at all.

"The three states of an object are not fixed and unchanging, and they will be transformed when certain conditions are met. The liquid is converted into a gas, which is called 'vaporization'. ”

When Zhao Xie said this, he paused slightly.

Gongsun Pili's curiosity was completely aroused, and he immediately inquired about the conditions for the vaporization of liquids.

Zhao Xie explained the explanation of evaporation in modern physics in layman's terms, far beyond the knowledge of this era, which fascinated Gongsun Pili.

"In this sense, the melting of snow and ice is the transformation of solids into liquids, is it called 'liquefaction'? Is water freezing the conversion of a liquid into a solid, called 'solidification'? ”

Gongsun Bili quickly thought of the relevant phenomena and asked anxiously.

Zhao Xie replied: "The former is called 'melting', and the latter is called 'solidification'. ”

Gongsun Pili asked again: "Why is it colder when the ice and snow melt than when it snows?" ”

There were academic discussions between the disciples of the Mo family, and many disciples raised various questions, and Gongsun Bili once heard a certain disciple raise this question, but no one could answer it.

King Zhao brought him a surprise, and he saw the hope of solving the problems that could not be explained before, and he was very eager to know the answers.

These common senses couldn't be simpler for Zhao Xie.

"To explain this, we must first understand a word called 'temperature', can you guess what temperature means?"

Gongsun Bili immediately pondered, and when he asked why the ice and snow melted and it was colder, King Zhao said the word, could it be related to cold and heat?

"King, the grass people can only think that the temperature may be related to cold and heat."

"Clever!"

Zhao Xie appreciated that the wisdom of the ancients would not be worse than that of modern people, if it weren't for the knowledge he learned in modern times, which gathered thousands of years of human wisdom crystallization, he might not be able to compare with the Mohist disciple in front of him.

"Temperature is a measure of how cold and hot it is. The higher the temperature, the hotter it will be, and vice versa, the colder it will be. The temperature at which the water is boiled is 100 degrees, and the freezing point of the water is 0 degrees, and only below this temperature can it freeze. Why is it colder when snow melts? Because the snow and ice need to absorb external heat and reach above-zero temperatures before they can melt, they will be even colder. ”

Zhao Xie's explanation, for Gongsun Pili, was like a thunderbolt and a shock.

"In this way, the 'Ling people' of the Zhou royal family, in the winter ice and hide it in the cellar, and then take it out and use it in the summer to make the house cool, this is the principle!"

Gongsun Pili was diligent in learning and good at thinking, and was quick to explain the phenomena he had heard or seen through principles.

In the Zhou Dynasty, the post of "Ling Ren" was set up to take charge of the matter of hiding ice, which was specially for the Zhou royal nobles to cool down in summer. The collected ice is hidden in a deep ice cellar where no sunlight can be seen, and the walls are covered with layers of cotton wool or cloth to prevent the ice from being absorbed and emitted by the walls, and the ice is opened in the next summer to take out the ice cubes and use them.

"My lord, what is the temperature in the summer? What is the temperature in winter? What is the temperature now? Gongsun Pili asked curiously.

"Take Zhao Guo as an example, the maximum temperature during the day in midsummer is 378 degrees, and the night temperature ranges from 22 to 267 degrees; In winter, it can be as low as -15 degrees Celsius at night. Today's temperature, the highest temperature is about 10 degrees during the day and about -5 degrees Celsius at night. It is about five degrees in the current study. ”

What Zhao Xie said is based on his understanding of Hebei's climate conditions in modern times, combined with the memory of Zhao Xie in the past, and his current feelings about the outside temperature.

King Zhao said that he was unprecedentedly excited about opening up an ocean of knowledge for Gongsun Pili.

"King, why are there four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter? Why does the sun come out of the east and set in the west? Why ......"

Gongsun Pili couldn't wait to let King Zhao explain all the problems and phenomena that could not be explained in the past, and asked five questions in a row, just like a diligent and studious student, asking the teacher for questions.

Zhao Xie did not answer directly, he wanted to successfully arouse Gongsun Pili's desire for knowledge, so that the other party could not stop, and he could only find the answer by himself, and now he has done it.

"Mr. Gongsun, where is your son? Let him come to me, and I'll answer more questions. ”

Zhao Xie wanted to persuade the Mo family to use the Mo family for his own use, and now he has successfully taken the first step.