Chapter 11 Organizing the Army and Teaching Warfare
Under the towering walls of Bebanburg, the sea breeze was still steep, Edgar stood on the high ground wearing a shirt, countless pairs of eyes staring at him, and in the neighing of the horse, Edgar said in a loud voice: "Warriors of England, you have defended your homeland countless times, just like your ancestors, but the tyrant who came from hell said that we are a people who do not understand war and are accustomed to being conquered, and he said that we do not even have bows and arrows, and we dare not face his soldiers. Can we forget this humiliation of this devil's puppet who put on our crown and said that he had conquered the people of this island and then ravaged our homeland? I am Edgar of Wessex, the son of the English, and you all remember my ancestor Alfred, who once came out of the swamp and reclaimed the Anglo and Saxon countries from the Danes, expelling back the invaders who mocked us as farmers of the land. Since then, we have been battling the invading enemy, and what beach on this island has not been stained with our blood? Is it now that we will abandon all this, lay down our arms, and then tell our children and grandchildren that in this Lent we have been conquered by the enemy? ”
Amid the waves of "never", Edgar continued: "Our ancestors used to build castles and armor in the spring, and then gathered their forces under the Stone of Egbert to defeat the pagan army. Now we must rearm ourselves again this spring, and then shed the blood of the enemies of the Gentiles, for this purpose we must endure sweat and toil, we must practice all kinds of fighting skills, practice the use of spears, swords, battle axes, shields, practice the art of fighting on horseback, all the counts, Thayne and Kerr must do their duty, and accomplish this difficult task, this is our immortal work, the starting point for us to regain the land and the booty, may God bless us, teach our hands to fight, train our fingers to fight! ”
All the Englishmen present began to pray, and then they followed the orders and marched in formation, according to the organization of the battle. The infantry, led by Count Guspatrick, practiced various battle arrays such as shield walls and boar heads, according to the traditions of the northerners, practiced keeping the shields tight, the lines intact, and taught the skills of battle. The cavalry was led by Prince Edgar himself, these warriors from the most prominent families in the north were all horsemen, Prince Edgar gave each of the noble officers a set of harnesses, the saddle made of leather, rawhide and hardwood was closer to the horse according to the actual needs, so that the knight's limbs could clamp the horse as tightly as possible, and the saddle was padded with lighter felt on the horse's back, which was designed according to the opinion of Captain Nolan of the British Empire, and the British cavalry harness in the Crimean War was improved. It can withstand more than 220 pounds of weight while keeping the pressure on the horse and the heat caused by it at a low level. On the other hand, all cavalry horses and pack horses were required to be nailed to the farriers, and there were strict rules on the reins being tied to determine the exact position according to the type of horse. Edgar had been trained in cavalry for hundreds of subjects, so the daily training was very large, and in order to ensure the strength of the horses, it was important to mow the grass, carry water, and feed the grain. Cavalrymen generally had two squires, one for the horses and the other for carrying and maintaining weapons.
The equestrian skills of the English knights were not bad, but they were very amateur both in maintaining the queue and in the use of weapons on horseback. According to the reorganization plan, Edgar divided more than 800 knights into five squadrons, each squadron was divided into four detachments, the front of the two central detachments was a standard-bearer, and at the front was the commander of the whole squadron, the position was about one horse in front of the whole squadron, and the chiefs of the counties held the position, and the cavalry officers selected from among the nobles were distributed on the right side of the four detachments, except for the rightmost detachment, which was the position of the trumpeter. On either side of the queue of each detachment there is a non-commissioned officer who is responsible for the transmission of orders and the direction of the queue in their position, and the entire squadron can be lined up in two or three rows, and at the rear of the queue is a queue officer, who is responsible for monitoring the formation of the entire queue and dissuading the cavalry that destroys the formation of the entire queue or prevents the cavalry from breaking the queue in front or escaping to the sides and rear. Both the officer and the non-commissioned officer's right cavalry are responsible for covering the former, so they choose it personally, and the cavalry is responsible for keeping them safe while they perform functions such as observing orders or commanding. The squires of all knights were in the rear of the cavalry as needed, either caring for the horses and weapons, or accompanying the cavalry in the attack.
The Norman cavalry that Edgar had seen and heard of were generally accustomed to charge with guns or swords in denser squads, and their speed was slower than the stride charge he was accustomed to, and they were not as powerful as the Russian lancers or the Polish Uhlan cavalry.
So the training of horseback martial arts was mainly the basic six styles of cavalry swordsmanship, and Edgar kept shouting:
"Pay attention to the horseman's side that attacks the enemy, not the swordsman's side! Draw your sword and pay attention to your posture, do you want to cut your own reins! ”
"Brisk Walking...... Run now and watch your balance! ”
"Leofrick, you don't have enough angles on your sword, and your hand is straight, so that the block won't be pressed by the enemy or cut off your hand."
The infantrymen trained nearby couldn't help but laugh when they saw the knights' clumsy posture on horseback, as well as the angry Prince Edgar.
After half a day of training, looking at a group of panting cavalrymen who looked like dead dogs, Edgar couldn't help but start chattering again: "You are all elites of England, how can you be so weak, how can you still have the strength to get on the horse when you are wearing iron armor and holding a shield, do you have to use a crane to hang it?" ”
The next queue training is more tedious, requiring constant switching of width and formation arrangement according to the terrain, and this part of the different training subjects is expected to take more than ten weeks, which is obviously difficult to achieve in a short period of time. Fortunately, there were many complex terrains that could be practiced near Bebanburg, so Edgar personally took all the knights around on horseback, first giving orders according to the observed terrain, conveying and carrying them out layer by layer, due to a serious lack of experience, this process seemed very clumsy, especially when passing through the valley. In the future, it was necessary to ensure that the commanders of the squadrons were able to independently give reasonable orders according to the situational and tactical requirements, which for the English could only be practiced continuously, relying on experience instead of the military school education that Edgar received.
The training of the infantry was well organized, in this era, from Scandinavia to Germanyland, the infantry combat in various regions was not complicated, shield wall combat was more common, in this kind of battle, it was important to maintain the integrity of the front, once there was a gap in the shield wall, it would be taken advantage of by the enemy to break through, the Normans were also good at using crossbowmen and cavalry attacks to open the gap, and then the infantry cooperated to break through. So the Count of Benicia constantly told his soldiers to practice attacking the chests of their horses with their weapons or cutting the reins of the enemy with their swords, and in addition to ordering the soldiers in the front row of the shield wall to stick their spears diagonally into the ground to resist the onslaught of the enemy cavalry, especially on Edgar's advice. Behind the shield wall were the noble and royal guards' infantry, armed with kite-shaped shields and Danish axes, and these elite soldiers would serve as a reserve force for the battle line, either to rescue the front row in danger, or to defend against attacks from the flanks and rear.
Edgar's joint training was mainly aimed at strengthening the cavalry, so the training subjects of the infantry did not increase significantly, but because a considerable number of the county nobles who originally commanded the infantry were transferred into the cavalry, the training of many selected Seins in the infantry became more rigorous, and they had to practice command and control of the troops in addition to receiving and transmitting orders, in place of the functions of the original commander.
In the cavalry, Edgar also added the setting of staff officers, who were mainly responsible for surveying the terrain for the time being, in the era of the Crimean War, cavalry staff officers often performed this function, a single scout could even swagger out of the pistol range of a whole platoon of the enemy's cavalry, the enemy would not rush up in a whole platoon for the sake of one person, at most an officer stepped forward and fired a few shots, but if the reconnaissance was to be done by multiple light cavalry, it was necessary to select soldiers with outstanding courage and good mounts. Due to the limitation of troops, Edgar temporarily equipped the staff officers of the squadrons with the best horses, and their reconnaissance was mainly limited to providing guidance to the cavalry commander to launch a charge, confirming that there was no obstacle and not having to detect the enemy. Ulf volunteered to serve as a staff officer of the 1st Squadron from Tyne's HB Division, and Count Vorsiov's claim that he could personally reconnoiter was rejected by Edgar, the danger of the commander himself being too serious, and Edgar was not a reckless man and knew this danger.
While Edgar was training his army, the army of the Earls of Northumbria and Mercia arrived under York, and the Norman garrison was led by their uncle, William Mallett, who had sent Edgar back to England.