Rice, soybeans, wheat and corn are mainly cultivated in the Pelotas plain, and the inland Campos grassland grows pastures dominated by buckwheat, ti grass, June grass, alfalfa, clover and other plants, raising cattle, sheep, reindeer left behind in Brazil, and alpacas, original camels, horses and other animals brought by the Chinese from Peru.

When the Chinese set out from Peru, they had more than 40,000 pack horses and more than 5,000 alpacas to carry food supplies for the troops, but on the way to Peru, more than half of the pack horses were lost, and nearly 4,000 of the more than 5,000 alpacas remained.

Arriving safely in the Rio Gran do Sul region, half of the remaining 20,000 pack horses were distributed to retired soldiers who had made meritorious contributions, and the other 7,000 were integrated into the Wehrmacht combat sequence for logistical transport tasks, and finally more than 2,000 healthy pack horses were withdrawn from the unit and stocked as stallions in the pastures of Acampos.

In the Campos steppe, two pack horse breeding ranches and a military horse breeding factory were set up, and in addition to the horses brought by the Chinese, there were more than 1,000 horses in the two southern states.

The Campos steppe is part of the Pampas savannah, and many ownerless wild horses live in the border area of Rio Grande do Sul with Paraguay and Argentina.

They were originally brought to the Andaluan horses by the Spanish colonists in the Pampas, after the Spaniards accidentally lost them in the grasslands, the abundant pasture food and the living environment without natural predators prompted the horses to breed on a large scale, and the horses that gained freedom quickly evolved from wild horses, and after more than three hundred years, a small number of horses quickly multiplied and became the main animal population throughout the Pampas.

The Indians in the grasslands and forested areas of southern Argentina captured wild horses wandering in the grasslands and woods, mastered the horseback riding skills learned from the Spaniards, and used horses as new combat tools to wage guerrilla warfare with colonial soldiers for hundreds of years.

After the independence of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and other countries in the La Plata region, most of the gaucho cavalry that resisted Spanish colonial rule were recruited, and some of them retreated to the forests and mountains with the Indians to maintain the lifestyle of the group.

The interior of Pelotas is an endless grassland, and it takes less than two days to reach the Uruguay River on the border with Uruguay from Pelotas, where the gauchos and Indians who live on the border of Argentina, Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul often cross the border into Rio Grande do Sul to hunt.

The Pelotas garrison and the local ranch guards encountered the Indians and gauchos hunting many times, but because of Li Mingyuan's orders, the Chinese troops stationed in the country did not expel the Indians and gauchos, but used the daily necessities in their hands to exchange horses and cherish animal skins with them.

The Chinese maintained a tacit cooperative relationship with the Indians and gauchos, and more than 700 of the new horses in the ranch were traded with them, and some of the remaining horses were captured by Chinese troops in traps and some were captured by local Brazilians.

In this way, the number of horses in the military horse farm gradually increased, and the Chinese also used the Indians and gauchos to find out the geography of the border area and the deployment of the Uruguayan troops.

The supply of military horses was indispensable for the Wehrmacht aspiring to expand its influence in the Pampas, while alpacas were used as a means of transportation over short distances and as a raw material for fur manufacturing in textiles.

4,000 alpacas are distributed in three farms, and 500 alpacas are also concentrated in one pasture.

In addition to this, 2,000 sheep and 3,000 cattle also have specific breeding areas.

The Rio Gran do Sul flock is abundant, but most of them are mixed-breed goats with inferior fur quality, which are not suitable for use as raw materials for textile production, and the 2,000 sheep raised in Pelotas are selected merino sheep.

Merino sheep are native to Spain, with a small physique, a ram with spiral horns, wrinkled skin, a shearing volume of about 2.5 kg, and a good wool quality.

Before the 16th century, Merino sheep were mostly concentrated in the hands of the Spanish nobility and the church, and later Spanish Merino sheep were smuggled to the North American continent, and then spread to Australia, New Zealand and other places, and by the second half of the 19th century, many areas were distributed traces of Merino sheep and their descendants.

Merino sheep through the mixing and breeding in different regions, their fur characteristics have also changed, Australian Merino sheep for the Spanish Merino sheep and British long-haired sheep cross-breeding offspring, Australian Merino sheep strong, wool diameter of 20 ~ 22 microns, yield, good quality, suitable for weaving high-quality worsted wool fabrics, durable and beautiful, is one of the best sheep species.

Raising Australian Merino sheep is the best way to make a profit, but the export of Australian Merino sheep is prohibited, and Rio Grande do Sul cannot reach Australia for the time being

Merino sheep were smuggled out, so searching for merino sheep from the local area and supplying much-needed raw materials for the textile mills they set up became the first choice.

In 1834, the harvester set up by the American McCormick was widely used in agriculture after 1850, and the iron plough produced by another American company was soon put into agricultural use.

The harvester and iron plough are constructed as follows: a tricycle powered by steam in the front, an iron plough or harvester in the back, and a person sits on the tricycle and pulls the cart with three horses or oxen to drive it with steam power.

The advent of steam harvesters and iron plows has changed the traditional way of agricultural production, and a family that used to cultivate 30 acres of land can cultivate 200 acres or more with the help of agricultural machinery.

Economic agriculture plays an important role in the overall development of Rio Grande do Sul, while the development of large-scale concentrated agriculture requires a mature industrial system and a large number of livestock.

The initial construction of the industrial system of Rio Gran do Sul is still a long way from producing mature agricultural machinery, and it is limited by the development of the times, and today's machinery still needs oxen and pack horses as the main labor force.

Three thousand cattle were Pelotas' main agricultural animal force for the time being. Two months later, in February, a large number of buffaloes were needed to plant the crops in full swing, and 3,000 cattle were still far from being able to grow crops.

The buffalo in South America is mainly distributed in Argentina, and the relationship between the Chinese and Argentina is not very good, and in the Misiones conflict, the Chinese are inclined to Paraguay and provide Paraguay with a large number of weapons and ammunition, and the relationship between the two parties is even worse, Argentina is unwilling to recognize Rio Gran do Sul as a legitimate country, and the two sides have been fighting a war of words for this.

Buffalo breeding involves the agricultural development of the Principality of Rio Grande do Sul, and the lack of buffalo labor during spring ploughing next year will affect crop yields, but the number of Chinese is not very large, and the lack of buffalo to cultivate the land, the grain produced is still enough for the Chinese to consume, the difference is only the question of how much food is left.

In Li Mingyuan's plan, even if part of the field is delayed for planting during spring ploughing, the buffalo from the farm will not be used excessively.

These buffaloes exist as seeds and cannot be easily lost. After the busy season of spring ploughing, water buffaloes can be purchased from the United States and other regional countries to participate in labor with agricultural machinery purchased from Prussia.