The 196th Revolutionary Army United Constitutional Party
Morning of October 11th. Revolutionaries who fought fiercely all night. By order of the command in the uprising. They all came to the advisory board at the foot of the snake mountain. One after another, Cai Jimin, Zhang Zhenwu, Li Zuodong, Gao Shangzhi, Chen Honghao, Wu Xinghan, Gong Ren, etc. Everyone hugged warmly. Shake hands. He happily talked about the thrilling scenes of the uprising and the problems that needed to be solved urgently.
Cai Jimin saw that the revolutionary comrades had almost arrived. Happy to say to everyone: "Comrades. After our bloody battle. The uprising has been successful. The most important thing at the moment is to organize the government as soon as possible. Immediately electrify the whole country. Call for a national response. The notice should be posted immediately. An inventory of the treasury is to be carried out. Public security still has to be done. In a word. In a word. There's so much to do. Too much. We must find someone who is highly respected. known to the whole country. in order to call on the world. lest others say that we are a mutiny. Now we have to think about the governor right away."
Everyone listened to each other. Talk. Wu Xinghan said: "Haven't we already decided on the prime minister and commander-in-chief?" Cai Jimin said: "The people who were originally presumed . None of them are currently in Wuchang. Far water can't quench the thirst of the near. How can we wait."
Gong Ren said, "Let's hurry up and find it again. This is no small matter of leadership." Cai Jimin said: "Liu Gong is now in Hankou. Sun Wu was injured and couldn't come. Jiang Yiwu didn't know where he had gone. Liu Ying is still in Jingshan. Zhan Dabei and Hu Ying are in prison. Huang Xing, Ju Zheng, Tan Renfeng, Song Jiaorenyuan in Hong Kong and Shanghai. I can find it now. I can only find a way to find Liu Gong and Jiang Yiwu first."
Cai Jimin said this. Send someone to find them at once.
Lee Chok Tong said: "The members and chairmen of the Consultative Council are elected by each county. How much can represent a little bit of public opinion. Can we take advantage of them?" Gong Ren heard this and hurriedly objected: "No. What a plaything a councillor is. Only a few hundred thousand people in Hubei are qualified to elect parliamentarians. They were chosen out of a hundred thousand people. These people speak for the bureaucratic landlords and the rich. How can they be expected to do things for the common people."
Cai Jimin thought about it for a while and said, "Although this is the case. But they went through three petitions. It's also annoying enough for the Qing government. All expressed their willingness to overthrow the Qing government. From this point of view. The enemy of our enemies has also become our friends. As. Let's let them come to the meeting for the time being. Listen to their opinions."
Gong Ren said, "I have a word. It's called raising tigers. Tigers were raised. But they want to eat people. One more word. It's easier to please God than to send God." Zhang Zhenwu and Wu Xinghan also clamored in support of Gong Ren's opinion. Say, "Yes. Yes. They're just talking. I can't move a single hair of the Qing government. We shed our blood and sacrificed. I can't let them sit back and enjoy it."" They and we are probably not the same eye. Don't let them mess around."
Cai Jimin paused for a moment. He said, "But now it's time for us to employ people. One more person is better than one less. He's not right. Can we not listen to him?" That's it. Some people don't talk anymore. If you don't speak, you agree.
Cai Jimin also sent people to ask the speaker and principal members of the Advisory Council.
What's going on with the Consultative Bureau? It's a long story.
The political arena in the last years of the Qing Dynasty. There are two major political forces active. One is the Revolutionary Party. Advocated the overthrow of the Qing regime by force. Establishment of a republican system. The other is the constitutionalists. He advocated a gradual reform of imperial politics. Establishment of a constitutional monarchy. As far as the Qing court is concerned. The former was a subversive of the imperial system. Resolute repression. And the latter is the tinkerer of the imperial system. It was allowed to operate within the imperial system.
In this context. In 1905, the Qing court sent five ministers abroad to inspect the "constitutionalism." In 1906, it promulgated the edict of "imitating the constitutionalism". In 1907, it issued an edict to set up the Central Advisory Council and the provincial advisory bureaus. In 1908, it stipulated that the preparation of the constitution would last for nine years. In 1909, the decree was issued. Finally, in May 1911, a royal cabinet was formed. The constitutionalists were disappointed. Attack it in groups.
Back in 1907. Hubei Province is the same as other provinces in the country. Actively carry out the preparatory work of the Consultative Bureau. It is a supporting body for constitutional reform. The number of voters in this election in Hubei is 113233. It was only 0.38% of the 25590308 people in the province at that time, and the councillors were not directly elected by the voters. Rather, it is "left to the post by the re-election method", that is, the voters elect a number of "electors", who then vote for the members of the parliament. This is a far cry from a truly democratic election. But as a popular election. After all, it is the first time in the land of Hubei. Election results. Wu Qingtao was elected Speaker. Tang Hualong and Xia Shoukang were elected as vice speakers. Liu Gengzao and 17 others were elected as resident members. Liu Gengyu and others are the backup members.
Elected member of Hubei Consultative Bureau. All have a certain social status and political demands. As said in "Tang Hua Long's Behavior": Tang Hua Long. In the year of Guangxu Renyin. Township Examination...... Spiral into Jinshi. Head of Sentencing Department. Seeing the world change. The court situation is unquestionable. He said angrily: "Politics is not innovative. There is no way to save the country. And to save the country. We will be more knowledgeable. Stop the old and learn it well." He invited himself to study in Japan. Entered Thammasat University. In Japan, he advocated the Hubei Education Association with his fellow villagers. Later, back and forth. Preparation for the constitution. Campaigning for the constitution. He is known as a "genre fan".
Other parliamentarians Zhang Guorong, Liu Gengzao, Hu Ruilin and others all have similar experiences and thoughts to Tang Hualong. They have a lot of experience and a versatile way of dealing with the world. In Hubei politics before and after the Wuchang Uprising. Plough the waves. Gathering Storms. As soon as the news of the establishment of the Imperial Cabinet spread. The constitutionalists' hopes for the Qing court were completely dashed. People from all over the province meet in Beijing. Launched the "Cabinet Downfall" campaign. Attempts to seize political dominance.
May 1911. Tang Hualong entered Beijing from Hubei. Depart from Hankow. There were as many as 10,000 people seeing them off. Tang Hualong gave a speech to the people who saw him off. I'm in Beijing this time. No wins. Never withdraw troops. The second meeting of the Federation of Provincial Consultative Bureaus in Beijing. Constitutionalists agreed that . The Imperial Cabinet must be toppled.
Hu Ruilin, a member of the Hubei legislature, pointed out: "Now the center of all politics lies in the cabinet. You have to start here. If it is not a matter of overthrowing the current cabinet. The rest is of no value for discussion." Tang Hualong hurriedly interjected: "This is very true." The participants were all in favour of this as a topic. Hu Ruilin also suggested that "after submitting (referring to the request for the abolition of the imperial cabinet). You can go to persuade Prince Qing to resign himself. And ask your relatives to persuade him to resign. Cannot. Then they went to Shanghai to open three associations of commerce, education and consultancy. Tell the world about the crimes. No more. then declared foreign. No new debt."
The Constitutionalists tried to emulate the European and American ways. Let's have a "downfall" campaign.
During the meeting. The constitutionalists carried out party formation activities. It was decided to establish the "Constitutional Friends Association". Zhang Guorong, a representative of Hubei, was one of the drafters of the "Constitution" and the "Political Program". And decided to set up its headquarters in Beijing. Branches are established in each province. The Hubei branch is centered on the Consultative Bureau. Tang Hualong, Zhang Guorong, Hu Ruilin and Zheng Wanzhan are the responsible persons.
June 11th and July 5th. The Federation of Provincial Consultative Bureaus twice sent a letter to the representatives of the Metropolitan Procuratorate. and citing national precedents. With the phrase "The monarch is not responsible. The royal family does not organize a cabinet". Request for the revocation of the Royal Cabinet. were rejected. Tang Hualong, Speaker of the Hubei Consultative Bureau, and Tan Yanmin, Speaker of the Hunan Consultative Bureau, who have successively served as the chairman of the Provincial Consultative Bureau Federation, were rejected after their final suggestions were rejected. Issued the "Proclamation of the Nation", pointed out that the "hope of constitutionalism is gone", and rebuked the imperial court for doing "the name of the cabinet. In fact, it is a military aircraft; Called Constitutional. It's authoritarian." Publicly refuted the "Superior's Decree" one by one.
The revolutionaries in Hubei kept their distance from the constitutionalists. Not even in favor of their ideas of improvement. But on the eve of the Wuchang uprising in Xinhai. They gradually converged on the overall situation of opposing the abuses of the Qing court. As a result, they often respond to each other in protest actions. For example, the "Dajiang Daily" that advocates revolution. Published articles to fuel the Constitutionalists. Revolutionary He Haiming. Petition the Qing court with the framers.
What's going on with the "Imperial Cabinet". The magistrate sometimes has to listen to it clearly.
November 14, 1908. Emperor Guangxu fell ill and died. The next day. The Empress Dowager Cixi fell ill and died. Three-year-old Pu Yi became emperor. Era name Xuantong. The government was held by Pu Yi's father, Zaifeng. Called the Regent. Zaifeng was the younger brother of Emperor Guangxu. Pu Yi was the son of his daughter with Rong Lu. After Xuantong succeeded to the throne. Zaifeng and his younger brothers Zaixun, Zaitao and others. constitutes a new core of power. They took the opportunity to prepare for the constitution. Started a pro-noble regime. On May 7, 1911, a so-called cabinet accountable to the emperor was established in accordance with the constitutions of Germany and Japan. The members of this cabinet are made up of relatives of the imperial family. People call it the "Royal Cabinet".
After the name of the Imperial Cabinet was announced. It has been widely and fiercely criticized. The provincial constitutionalists took immediate action. Twice in succession. It is pointed out that the Imperial Cabinet is incompatible with a constitutional monarchy. The Cabinet shall be subject to parliamentary supervision. Demand for the dissolution of the Imperial Cabinet.
'The Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet. He is a descendant of Emperor Qianlong. His development was entirely thanks to the support of the Empress Dowager Cixi. Empress Dowager Cixi's maiden family lives in Fangjiayuan. And Yixuan is a neighbor. Back and forth. Cixi knew that Yixuan was a little bit of ink. Quite appreciative. Later. He and Cixi's younger brother became sons and daughters. In 1884, he was appointed Prime Minister and Minister of State Affairs, and was named Prince of Gyeongjun in 1894. In 1901, the Prime Minister's Yamen was changed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He became Prime Minister. In 1903, he joined the military aircraft as the leading minister. After joining the military aircraft, he immediately investigated in detail the situation of the barren official positions in various places, and openly solicited bribes from officials who were in vain. There were many boxes on his bookcase, which contained silver coupons, banknotes, gold bars, etc. All are accepted bribes. By such a greedy person as the prime minister of the cabinet. Of course it will cause a strong backlash.
The constitutional promise of the Qing court was completely debunked by the establishment of the imperial cabinet. The constitutionalists kneel and beg for a constitution. I had to join hands with the revolutionaries to a limited extent. Then. The Qing court has become a loner. The situation is very passive. The constitutionalists meet in Beijing in the eighth month of the lunar calendar. Keep fighting. It's the middle of August in the lunar calendar. The situation in the country has changed abruptly. The Qing Dynasty and his imperial cabinet were struggling in embattlement.
Soon. The Speaker of the Council and most of the members of the Council came.
Speaker Tang Hualong has short hair. Wearing a suit. People are not tall. But it seems extraordinarily spiritual. Young and handsome. Plus he has an extremely vivid face. And those Qing Dynasty veterans are fundamentally two mental states. He went into the house. First shake hands with the revolutionaries one by one. Then affectionately say, "Thank you. Thank you. You have brought down the Qing government. A republic was established. From then on, we Han people will be able to be like those enlightened countries in the West. The country was built by the rule of law."
Cai Jimin said politely: "I still have to count on your ability and prestige. to give advice to our government." Tang Hualong said modestly: "Where. Where. As the saying goes, it's good. Xiucai rebelled. Three years will not work. I'm a literati. Helpless. What can you do? Governance and security. You soldiers have to be counted on." The crowd greeted each other. The atmosphere is much more harmonious.
Due to the tense situation. A joint meeting of the revolutionaries and the Consultative Council was immediately convened. The layout of the venue is also very simple. That is, a big table. Everyone randomly found a chair and sat around the table.
Cai Jimin stood up first and said, "I've invited you here. I wanted to discuss it with you. The first is to elect a respected governor. to lead our military junta in Hubei. You are all elected by the counties by popular vote. I think. You will certainly be able to represent the wishes of the upper echelons of the world. Elect a competent governor."
Tang Hualong immediately stood up. I took a look at everyone a little. Arched his hand. He smiled and said, "The revolutionary army values us like this. It is a great honor for us. First of all, on behalf of the Consultative Council, I would like to make an announcement. We strongly support the Revolutionary Army. As for who to choose as governors? It's better for you revolutionary army to take this idea."
Seeing Tang Hualong so opened. Some revolutionaries were greatly moved.
Lee Chok Dong proposed: "I see. Do you want Speaker Tang to be the governor?" Tang Hualong hurriedly waved his hand and said, "This joke can't be made. Can't open. I'm a literati. There is no work of size. It's okay to shake your lips and drum your tongue and beat the side drum. But if you lead thousands of troops and horses to fight against the Qing army. It's a layman. You can't be a governor. You can't be a governor."
Gong Ren scolded in his heart. This Li Zuodong is so confused. How can you let Tang Hualong be the governor?
I didn't wait for the revolutionaries to speak. But the members of the Council can't stand it anymore. Councillor Hu Ruilin interjected: "To be honest. The revolution succeeded or not. The jury is still inconclusive. To be a governor is to lead the war. Speaker Tang is inconvenient to lead. It is better to elect a man of prestige and ability in the army to be the governor. This is conducive to the success of the revolution."
Tang Hualong immediately said: "Councilor Hu was right just now. Brother, I'm a scholar. Military non-director. Let me lead my troops into battle. Isn't it a mistake to do a great thing? Besides, after Ruizheng escaped. I won't give up. It will inevitably tell Beijing the truth. Beijing will inevitably send heavy troops to attack Hubei. The real test is yet to come. Other administrative matters. Brother, I'll definitely help."
Hu Ruilin continued: "The revolutionary army is really a teacher of benevolence and righteousness. Fight overnight. Autumn is not guilty. Won the hearts of the people. The common people were really moved. They all took steamed buns, eggs, and wine to comfort the revolutionary army. The revolutionary army also did not accept it. Brother, I really admire it. If you need any money in the future. Brother, I'll do it for you."
Tang Hualong and Hu Ruilin's words. It made everyone present feel very excited. Cai Jimin said: "Since Speaker Tang and Councilor Hu have said . I don't think it's impossible to elect the army. Let's just mention it."
One mentions the election of a governor from among the revolutionaries. The Assembly was silent again. Stopped for a while. Xiong Bingkun, who had just come in, said: "Liu Gong is a member of the Alliance. He is also one of the initiators of the Communal Association. And he is the third president of the Kyojin Association. Presided over the work in Hubei. In effect, he has become a legal governor appointed by the League. I choose Liu Gong." Gong Ren and some representatives of the Communist Party also agreed.
Wang Wenjin of the Literary Club said: "Liu Pingshi does not come forward much. There is not much contact with comrades . From the point of view of courage, courage, seniority and prestige. Liu Gong held the post of governor. Not ideal. Jiang Yiwu is the president of the Literary Society. A lot of work was done in leading the uprising. I elect Jiang Yiwu." Some members of the literary club also expressed their support.
Xiong Bingkun was very disgusted by Wang Wenjin's words. objected: "Although Jiang Yiwu is the president of the Literary Society. But at the critical juncture of the uprising . Leaving the post without permission. I'm afraid it's hard to convince the public." Xiong Bingkun's words resonated with some members of the Communist Association. Many people opposed Jiang Yiwu's appointment as governor.
Wang Wenjin also ridiculed each other and said: "At the critical moment of the uprising. Where did Liu Gong go? Isn't it and isn't there. Sun Wu is injured. But what about Liu Ying. Where did they go?" The people from the Literature Club also nodded in unison. Support Wang Wenjin's opinion.
The opinions of the Communist Association and the Literary Society are somewhat at odds. For a while, there was a smell of gunpowder in the venue.
Wu Zhaolin didn't know when he came to the venue. He heard the people of the Communist Association and the Literary Society arguing fiercely about the selection of the governor. I closed my eyes and thought silently. Stopped for a while. He saw that no one spoke anymore. He said, "I'll mention a person." Cai Jimin said: "What are you still modest. If you have something to say, just say it. Anyone can mention it."
Wu Zhaolin stabilized his spirit. I saw that everyone's eyes were on him, the temporary commander-in-chief. I also know that I have a certain weight in speaking at this time. So he said unhurriedly: "The person I am talking about. He is a graduate of Tianjin Lushi School. It's Hubei again. Usually to ordinary soldiers. Especially for the literate soldiers. In addition, he is also an honest official. No military pay will be deducted. This is also rare in military circles. He went to Japan twice to study the military. He commanded the Hubei New Army to participate in the imperial court drills many times. Excellent grades. He also opened up the 41st Standard 2nd Battalion soldier Li Zuoqing cut off his braids; after he found out, not only did he not rebuke, but praised and said that he had removed the pig's tail and created the vanguard of civilization. During the Baolu Movement, he signed and joined the Railway Association as a representative of the military circles, and supported the petition to enter Beijing, which won the support of the merchants and people of Hubei. He even established contact with Speaker Tang and others, and expressed his support for the work of the Consultative Bureau. This also shows that he expressed strong dissatisfaction with the various practices of the Qing government."
Wu Zhaolin finished speaking. Sold a pass. It is not said who this person really is. Everyone is speculating. Wu Zhaolin went around in such a big circle. Who the hell are you talking about? Cai Jimin was the first to comprehend. said: "Is this person you are talking about Li Yuanhong?"
Wu Guanglin said: "It's not him, who is it?"
The crowd was in an uproar.
Councilor Liu Gengzao immediately chimed in: "Commander Li is still in the city. If everybody is willing to look for him. I can go and meet you."
Gong Ren shouted loudly: "I am against it. I'm against it. Elect Liu Gong. I don't have any opinion on choosing Jiang Yiwu. But choose Li Yuanhong. I'm against it. What kind of person is Li Yuanhong. He was against us just now. Not only did not revolt. I heard that he also killed Zhou Rongtang, a comrade sent to contact. He is not our comrade at all . but our enemies. Now let him lead us. It's just incredible. It's hard for us to accept. Oppose. Against." Xiong Bingkun also supports Gong Ren's opinion. Angrily said: "We have sacrificed so many good comrades. For what. Isn't it just for the sake of a world? Let Li Yuanhong be the governor. How is that possible. He's not on the same front as us at all."
Some revolutionaries also expressed their opinions. Against Le Yuanhong as the governor.
Wu Zhaolin saw that everyone was angry for a while. I didn't speak anymore. before he stood up. Excitedly said: "We can't just see the tip of the nose. Look farther. Li Yuanhong has knowledge. Capable of it. Just to call on the world. If you replace someone else. The provinces do not know the truth. I thought we were rebelling. This makes it difficult for them to respond. It is difficult for the revolution to succeed. Again. The Qing army may come over in a moment. At this critical time. Dora alone. Dora a group. Dora a province. We'll have one more hope of victory. At this existential juncture. It is not yet time for us revolutionaries to fight for power. It's about looking at the big picture. Concentrate all your efforts. Crack down on the Qing government......"
Cai Jimin saw that Wu Zhaolin's opinion was basically the same as his own. also supported Wu Zhaolin and said: "If we can make Li Yuanhong the governor. It will make a considerable number of people stand on our front. I agree with Li Yuanhong to be the governor."
Some revolutionaries saw that Wu Zhaolin was resolute and resolute. Sonorous and powerful. Extraordinarily emotional. In addition, Cai Jimin resolutely supports it. Expect neither of you to be wrong. Also nodded in agreement. Although a few people such as Gong Ren and Xiong Bingkun oppose it. At the meeting, it was decided that the Advisory Board should be represented by Liu Gengzao. The party members are represented by Cai Jimin and Xiong Bingkun. Go to greet Li Yuanhong to the Advisory Bureau.
Wu Zhaolin said to Cai Jimin: "Li Yuanhong has asked me to receive Chu Wangtai. Go to the Chu Wangtai to meet you."