At the end of June 1889, half of the new year had passed, and in the past six months, in addition to devoting a great deal of energy to the military, politics, and diplomacy, the Han government had also maintained great attention to the construction of an industrial system that was directly related to the overall strength of the country.

By the first half of 1889, there were 400 local government-run factories and enterprises, more than 2,700 private enterprises, more than 3,200 factories and enterprises with more than 10 employees, and more than 2,100 modern enterprises powered by steam engines, with a total of 600,000 workers and 340,000 industrial workers.

During the same period, there were nearly 3,000 factories with more than 10 employees in Japan, 670 using steam power, a total of 380,000 workers, and 170,000 industrial workers.

There are 24 government-run industrial enterprises in mainland China. There are more than 100 private industrial enterprises. There are about 80,000 modern industrial workers (excluding miners), including 36,000 in Shanghai. It accounts for about half of the total number of industrial workers.

Looking at the industrial development of the three parties, the population of the Han Kingdom, Japan, and the Qing Dynasty was 40 million and 370 million respectively.

The industrial beginnings were all in the late sixties of the nineteenth century.

However, after more than 20 years of development and changes, the achievements of the industrial development of the three parties present a completely different picture.

On the Japanese side, Japan's land is barren and resources are scarce, and although it has produced a number of primary industrial commodities by exploiting its own cheap labor, those primary industrial commodities are in a completely disadvantageous position in the trade competition with the Western powers because of their quality and machinery costs.

In order to sustain the progress of its own industrialization, Japan chose to increase various taxes, develop light industries such as spinning, dyeing and weaving, and obtain the start-up capital needed for industrial development. (Before 1895, Japan's industrial development has been at a low level, low scale, after 1895, Japan not only received the Qing court compensation for silver, but more importantly, access to the mainland's vast market, and the compensation for silver, the mainland region for Japan's primary industrial products to provide a vast industrial market, its value than the compensation of silver for Japan's development, much higher.) ）

Secondly, in terms of the Qing court, in order to increase its own strength and maintain feudal rule, the Qing government agreed to set up foreign affairs and develop industries in some provinces.

However, unlike the state-owned enterprises under the jurisdiction of the Han government, the number of state-owned enterprises in the mainland is not only scarce, but also the management system is rigid and the management personnel are more corrupt than those of the government departments.

According to the information obtained by the Han Dynasty itself, from its establishment in 1665 to the first half of 1889, the number of officials in the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau increased from more than 40 to more than 200, a fivefold increase.

Moreover, in addition to the rigid management of enterprises and the rampant corruption of officials, the incomplete industrial development system and the obstruction of conservative officials in the Qing court were also important reasons for the halfway industrialization of the mainland.

In the first half of 1889, the price of industrial raw materials purchased from outside the mainland rose by 50 percent compared with that of 20 years earlier. (Among them, there are reasons for official corruption and collusion with foreign businessmen.) At the same time, the restrictions imposed by the Qing government, including the so-called Western-style officials, on private industrial enterprises led to the monopoly of various industrial industries in the mainland by Western businessmen. The joint suppression of comprador businessmen and other tripartite forces has made it difficult to develop and grow into a national enterprise.

Compared with the mainland and Japan, the Han State has the smallest population and the shortest time to establish the country. However, it is also because the founding of the country has been the shortest time, and the local citizens are all Chinese from different regions, etc., that the Han government was able to plan the local industrialization development path from a blank sheet of paper without any obstruction from any long-term interest class.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, agriculture and animal husbandry were the founding industries, and the vast plain of La Plata was used to vigorously develop agriculture and animal husbandry, and then the funds obtained from the development of agriculture and animal husbandry were invested in iron and steel and emerging chemical industries to feed the development of local industries.

In the mid-eighties of the nineteenth century, the chemical industry of Hanguo grew into a new technology industry, and a variety of advantageous chemical products developed and produced by the local people, because of their irreplaceability and superior quality and performance, quickly became another pillar income-generating industry in the local area, and were exported to Europe, Southeast Asia and other regions, bringing a lot of financial revenue to the local government.

Animal husbandry, agriculture, agricultural product processing industry, and new chemical industry are the four advantageous industries that bring a steady stream of financial funds to the local government, and then the local government will invest these funds in different industrial industries on the basis of macro planning.

The four advantageous industries feed back the heavy industry, and high-tech heavy industries such as the Iron and Steel United Group, Jiangnan Textile Factory, Hanguo Mining Company, Royal Shipyard, Xinjing Shipyard, Chang'an Machinery Bureau, etc., in the process of development and growth, also provide more and more technical talents for local private industrial enterprises.

The four large state-owned enterprises of Hanguo Iron and Steel United Group, Xinjing Shipyard, Xinghe Shipyard and Royal Shipyard were the initial training centers for Hanguo industrial workers.

Among the four state-owned enterprises, the Iron and Steel United Group and its affiliated factories and enterprises have more than 26,000 employees and 15,000 industrial workers. (Hanguo Iron and Steel United Group is a systematic enterprise, relying on the establishment of coal production areas, which not only have enterprises related to steel smelting, but also military enterprises such as rifles, artillery, and armored shells, which have great demand for steel, are also established in the industrial base, affiliated to the name of the Iron and Steel United Group, and subject to the joint jurisdiction of the military, the government, and the United Group).

Xinjing Shipyard has an 8,000-ton military dock under its name (nominally it can build 8,000-ton warships, and is generally used to build warships with tonnage between tons.) ），

, 2 5,000-ton military docks and 3,000-ton military docks.

It has 149 supporting industrial enterprises, 3,000 employees and 2,400 industrial workers.

The Royal Dockyard has an 8,000-ton military dockyard

, 2 5,000-ton military docks, and 4 3,000-ton military docks.

It has 162 supporting industrial enterprises, 3,200 employees and 2,500 industrial workers.

Xinghe Shipyard takes into account the construction of civilian ships and inland steamships, and has 1 5,000-ton military dock and 4 3,000-ton military docks.

There are 2 civil 8,000-ton docks, 4 civil 5,000-ton docks, and 9 civil 3,000-ton docks.

It has 194 supporting industrial enterprises, 3,500 employees and 2,700 industrial workers.

The technical staff of the four state-owned enterprises are mainly from returned students and graduates of locally trained intermediate technical colleges, and a small part are imported foreign technical experts, workers and apprentices who studied with foreign technicians in the early days.

Every year, the government selects and transfers a number of skilled workers from state-owned enterprises to private industrial enterprises to cultivate the technical talents needed by private enterprises.

Under the policy of mutual support between several different types of industrial industries implemented by the government, the local industrial system of Han has slowly spread from a few industries to the entire industrial industry, and the diffusion speed is still accelerating rapidly, such as the civil shipbuilding industry in Han.

At the end of 1868, the Han government had only captured more than 100 ships of various types, with a total tonnage of only 20,000 tons.

In the first half of 1889, the number of Han ocean-going shipping vessels reached 170, and the tonnage of ocean-going shipping vessels reached 260,000 tons.

The tonnage of ships used for ocean transportation voyages is more than 1,000 tons, of which more than 150 ships are installed and switched to steam engines.

Compared with ocean-going carriers, although the tonnage of ships used for domestic offshore and inland waterway transportation is generally only tons, the largest is only tons.

However, due to the developed water system in various parts of the country, the water transportation industry has a large demand for offshore and inland river transport vessels, and the number of local offshore and inland river vessels has exceeded 1,000, and the tonnage of ships has reached 120,000 tons.

The total tonnage of local civil ships is close to 390,000 tons, with more than 500 large and small shipping enterprises, although according to the estimates of government functional departments, with the next few years of competition in the shipping industry, the number of local shipping companies will soon drop to more than 200,

However, according to the law of the market, private shipping companies integrate and merge with each other, and integrate and merge small companies that only own one or two ships together, which can increase the company's market competitiveness and is also conducive to the healthy development of the local shipping industry.

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