Chapter 264: Industrial Machinery and Aristocracy

On the morning of December 17, when the first rays of sunlight shone through the window and into the study, Li Mingyuan had just straightened his clothes and was about to go out.

"Your Highness, General Li has sent news that the convoy has sailed to the coastal waters of Hetao County and is expected to arrive at Xinjing Port at noon today."

Liu Pu walked outside the study, saw Li Mingyuan who had just come out, and spoke.

"Well, if a company of troops from the Praetorian Guard Brigade is sent to the port to guard the port, I won't pick her up personally."

Li Mingyuan paused and added, "The war between Chile, Bolivia and Peru has been a few months earlier than expected, and the battle plan made in advance in China will be changed, and the date of marriage with Miss Wu will have to be postponed for a while." ”

"Is Your Highness worried that Bolivia and Peru will not be able to stop the Chilean naval offensive?"

"There is this concern."

Li Mingyuan loosened the sleeves of his cuffs and continued, "The impact of the war in Chile, Bolivia, and Peru cannot be clearly explained in one or two sentences, you can go to the institute with me first, and the war will be explained slowly later." ”

After Li Mingyuan made the decision to start the war ahead of schedule, the first thing he had to do was not to convene a meeting of the principal officers of the National Defense Forces to deploy combat missions, but to go to the Royal Academy of Science of the Han Kingdom outside Xinjing to check the progress of a number of scientific research projects.

The scientific research projects of the Han Kingdom began in 187o and lasted for about eight years by the end of 1878, during which most of the research projects did not make significant progress due to the lack of scientific research talents and the backward current technical level, but in several key areas, relying on those scientific research talents who had not yet become famous in advance, the Han Kingdom was at the world's leading level in some specific fields.

Mannister, Jedlik and Estrom were the most important scientists in the Royal Academy of Sciences, with Jedryk working on rotating magnetic field alternating current motors and arc lamps, Estrom in charge of electrolytic production of metal elements, and Manister in charge of steel refining and production wage improvement.

In terms of origin, although Estrom and Yedrick are not as good as those big scientists, they are also physicists with a certain social status, while Mannister is just an ordinary steelworker, in terms of professional knowledge, Mannister and the other two are fundamentally on the same weight, but scientific research is sometimes not determined by the comprehensive scientific quality of individuals, especially in the second half of the nineteenth century, there are too many undiscovered truths in the scientific knowledge system of human beings, However, the enlightenment and improvement of many science and technology do not follow the principle of first having scientific theories, and then applying them to practice according to scientific theories, and making various advanced technologies clear.

Rather, it is a phenomenon that occurs in the practical operation of scientific researchers or industrial technicians based on several years and decades of practical work experience, and then summarizes the universally applicable scientific theories according to the phenomena.

Therefore, it can be said that the vast majority of technology is beyond the current level of human cognition, and the reason why Xinming's science and technology is more advanced is also because people have not yet understood this technical field.

Mannister is a person with insufficient theoretical knowledge but rich practical experience, he has decades of work experience in steel smelters, after being poached by Li Mingyuan to the Han Kingdom, according to Li Mingyuan's ideas, and according to the experience he has cultivated for a long time in the work, it took three years to finally develop a new steel pipe rolling method in 1877.

The steel pipe rolling method ordered by Mannister was made clear eight years in advance, and this technology alone made great progress in the field of steel, but although a single technological progress can make up for the shortcomings in the industrial exhibition of the Han Kingdom, it cannot improve the industrial level of the Han Kingdom as a whole by a level.

The iron and steel industry is an industrial integrated system composed of countless sub-technical fields, from coal mining, iron ore smelting, special metal electrolytic separation and final production of finished products, which stage of shortcomings and deficiencies will lead to the failure of the final production of products.

The industrial exhibition of the Han Kingdom started relatively late on the whole, the iron and steel smelters and military factories established in 1869 were the earliest industrial base systems, and after nearly ten years of exhibition, the Han Kingdom achieved self-sufficiency in some areas of daily life and important military industries, but compared with Britain, France and Germany, the industrial system of the Han Kingdom was relatively low-level and coarse.

For example, in textile manufacturing, although there are many garment factories that produce fabrics, there are no machine tools for garment equipment.

The same thing is true in the steel smelting and weapons manufacturing industries,

The performance of the military factories and steel smelters in Han can reach the average international level, but if these machinery and equipment fail, Han still needs to buy equipment parts from European countries for repair.

Therefore, it can be seen that the industrial system of the Han Kingdom is based on buying, buying, buying, and if you want to buy the machine tools for the production of machinery and equipment, sorry, European countries are not stupid, even if you give a large price, people will not give you the core machine tools and supporting machine tool technology.

Machine tools are known as the mother machine of industry, and other industrial exhibitions are built on the production of machine tools, so the huge capital investment of Han is only the basis for the establishment of industrial exhibitions, and if you want to go further, you must move towards independent mastery of machine tool production and manufacturing related technologies.

The core machine tool technology is difficult to buy with money, Li Mingyuan spent money to buy a small number of machine tools, most of which are relatively backward equipment, and to obtain machine tool technology from European countries and successfully digest it, the training of scientific talents in their own country is on the one hand, and the exchange of advanced industrial technology for the other party's machine tool technology is another effective way.

After the Mannister pipe method was verified to be effective in practice, Li Mingyuan instructed Liu Pu and others to contact Germany, and finally to share the Mannister pipe technology and pay a part of the funds on the condition that they successfully introduced the industrial machine tools and technology for the production of rifles and 75 mm artillery machinery and equipment from the Germans, and then in the following year and a half, using the previously recruited European technical personnel and Chinese students, gradually digested the production and use of machine tools, so that the shortcomings of the Han Kingdom in machine tools were effectively made up for for the first time.

Although Mannister was under the guidance of Li Mingyuan, he developed a new steel pipe rolling method, but Li Mingyuan did not treat him badly, and the good thing is that in order to retain the scientific and technological talents recruited from Europe, Li Mingyuan immediately raised Manister's salary level and promoted him to the vice president of the Royal Academy of Sciences, and after the other party decided to stay, Li Mingyuan also revealed that he would be awarded the hereditary baronial title in less than three years.

Obtaining a knighthood in a monarchy is undoubtedly the highest encouragement for individuals, and the title system of the Han State was not established until the second half of 1878 due to Li Mingyuan's deliberate delay, according to the criteria set by Li Mingyuan, the title system of the Han State was divided into two types: royal and noble.

The descendants of the royal family are divided into princes, county kings, feudal monarchs, princesses, and county lords according to their distant relatives and the size of their merits.

The prince is the highest title of a member of the royal family, and is generally given to the direct successor of the monarch, and after the death of the direct descendant of the monarch, his heir is demoted to the first degree.

The prince of the county and the feudal monarch (for the title of the Spring and Autumn Period, such as Wu'an Jun Baiqi,) are hereditary titles and do not need to be inherited by degrading.

The princess and the lord of the county are titles for female members of the royal family, and are not hereditary.

The aristocratic system is divided into hereditary princes and sons, non-hereditary barons and scholars.

Non-hereditary barons and knighthoods are generally awarded to scientific and technological talents and meritorious generals who have not attained the hereditary title of hereditary title, while the hereditary duke and prince of the male fifth rank are awarded to outstanding scientists, military generals, and officials.

Although the two title systems of the royal family and the nobility are different, they are unified in terms of awarding standards, and all individuals who are awarded the title must have great merit and cannot be biased because of his status advantage, and when inheriting the title, all heirs must serve in the army for three years, and can only inherit the title after being approved by the chief officer of the army and the title supervision committee.

At the same time, the aristocracy, as an example of all classes in the country, must maintain a good personal quality, and must not rely on the status of the nobility to bully the weak, otherwise he will be exempted from the right of noble inheritance, and in serious cases, the title of the nobility of his family will be revoked, and then he will be handed over to the judicial organ for conviction and processing.

From ancient times to the present, the criteria for awarding nobles have been very strict, and as time enters the second half of the nineteenth century, the rights of traditional nobles are getting smaller and smaller, Li Mingyuan conforms to the trend of the times, weakens the rights of nobles at the same time, in order to ensure the honor of nobles, will take more detailed measures, strictly limit the number of nobles, according to the results of consultations with major generals and officials, after the successful occupation of Argentina and Uruguay, the number of the first batch of hereditary nobles will be controlled within 30 people, The titles of non-hereditary nobles are also limited to 100 people.

Thirty hereditary nobles are very scarce compared with one or two thousand suitable nobles in Japan, Germany and other countries, and correspondingly, the sparse number of nobles proves his cherishment, so when Li Mingyuan promised to grant the hereditary barony of Mannister within three years, the other party did not hesitate, agreed on the spot, and took the initiative to ask to take his wife and children to live in the Han Kingdom, and the nationality was changed to the Han Kingdom.

Manist's decision made Li Mingyuan very pleased, and the white Europeans were not all above the top, as long as they were ruthless and lured them with enough benefits, there were still people who were willing to stay and serve the Han Kingdom.

Because of the leading effect of Manist, more than 40 hired white European technical talents chose to settle down and contribute to the industrial cause of the Han Kingdom.

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