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"First there is Jokhang Temple, then there is Lhasa City".

Jokhang Temple, also known as "Zulakang", "Juekang" (Tibetan meaning Buddha Temple), this Tibetan Buddhist monastery located in the old city of Lhasa, was built in the 21st year of Tang Zhenguan (647 AD), was built by the Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo, Lhasa has the reputation of "holy land", and this Buddha statue is related. The temple was originally called "Jalan Sa", which later became the name of the city and evolved into the current "Lhasa".

This thousand-year-old monastery has a supreme position in Tibetan Buddhism. It is not only the most glorious building of the Tibetan period in Wusi Tibet, but also the earliest civil structure building, and creates the Tibetan Pingchuan style temple city bureau style.

The Tubo Zanpu Songtsen Gampo who built this temple was originally intended to build a temple to enshrine the life-size statues of Shakyamuni brought by two princesses who married from the Tang Dynasty and Nepal to Tibet.

The two princesses each brought a precious Buddha statue of Shakyamuni. As the most valuable dowry, the princess from Nepal brought a life-size statue of Sakyamuni when he was eight years old; Princess Wencheng invited another 12-year-old Buddha statue of Shakyamuni from Chang'an in the mainland. This statue was created according to the image of Shakyamuni himself when he was alive at the age of 12. After the statue was finished, those disciples had the honor of asking the Buddha Shakyamuni himself to consecrate and bless his Buddha statue. The most important thing about the preciousness of the statue is that there is no difference between the Buddha statue and the Buddha 2,500 years ago. Tibetans recognize these two Buddha statues as the first Buddha statues to enter the snowy plateau, and then in order to make offerings to such sacred Buddha statues, Songtsen Gampo began to build the earliest Buddhist buildings in the history of Tibetan Buddhism. It is Jokhang Temple and Jokhang Temple.

There are only 3 life-size Buddha statues of Shakyamuni in the world. When Shakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, was alive, he opposed idolatry and did not set up temples to offer statues. When he was dying, Shakyamuni only agreed to make a statue of himself in the form of three different ages, and drew the statue himself. Among the three Buddha statues, the gilded bronze statue of Shakyamuni as the prince at the age of 12 is the most exquisite and noble. The Buddha statue later flowed into China from ancient India. It was brought into Tibet by Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty, and the 12-year-old statue of Sakyamuni was enshrined in the Jokhang Temple to this day.

Legend has it that when the Jokhang Temple was built, it was flooded several times by the golden dome that towered over the sky. Princess Wencheng explained that the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a supine Rakshasa woman. The witch is in human form, with her head facing east and her legs facing west, lying on her arms on her back. The lake where the Jokhang Temple is located turned out to be the heart of the Rakshasa woman, and the water of the lake is her blood. Therefore, Princess Wencheng said that the Jokhang Temple must fill in the lake to build a temple, and first suppress the witch's heart. Then Princess Wencheng also recommended twelve other small monasteries in remote areas to suppress the witch's limbs and joints, and built a total of thirteen monasteries. ("There is still the gate of the evil road here, and there is the dragon god palace under the wood, when the statue of Yingjue lives here, it can be subdued" "Wencheng is proficient in the art of star calculation and feng shui, and examines the shape of the Tibetan land. It is the shape of a female rock demon lying on her back. I know that if I can welcome the Buddha statue for the top of the Dragon Palace, I can suppress it. Then the Buddha statue was temporarily placed in the place, and four pillars were erected in all directions...... Offering to the Buddha Shakya", "Princess Wencheng also recruited craftsmen from the mainland to build a hot die-cut temple"...... ）

According to the location chosen by Princess Wencheng, the first thing to build a temple is to fill in the lake. At that time, the main means of transport was to rely on goats carrying bags of sand and dirt. In this way, the lake was filled in and the foundation of the Jokhang Temple was laid. In fact, the word Lhasa evolved from the Jokhang Temple. In the first days, Lhasa was not called LASA, and it was all RASA (i.e., "Jasa") in ancient documents. RA means goat, SA means land. It means where goats are built. Later, because of the construction of such a sacred Buddha hall, which enshrines the statue of the Buddha, there are Buddhist scriptures, pagodas, and believers from all over the world come here to make pilgrimages, everyone thinks that this place is a Buddha land, so it is renamed Lhasa - LA means Buddha in Tibetan. SA is ground. It means the land of the Buddha. Jokhang Temple was built for more than three years, in order to commemorate the exploits of the white goat, the Buddha Hall was originally named "Jasa", and later renamed "Zulakang" (Sutra Hall), also known as "Juekang" (Buddha Hall). The full name is "Jasa Gahi Sac Zulakang", which means that it was built by goats carrying soil. The name "Jokhang" is said to be related to the "Chuan Zhao Great Festival", which began in the 15th century.

The layout of the Jokhang Temple is different from that of the Han Buddhist temples, and its main hall is located in the east and facing the west. The main hall is four stories high, with side halls on both sides, and the layout and structure reproduce the ideal cosmic model of the mandala mandala in Buddhism. The main Buddha halls in the monastery are the Shakyamuni Hall, the Tsongkhapa Lama Hall, the Songtsen Gampo Hall, the Panden Ram Hall (the protector god of the Gelug sect), the Sacred Sheep Remcem Hall, the Zao King Hall and so on. The temple has a variety of wood carvings and murals.

The incense burns in front of the temple all day long, and the devout worship of the believers has left a deep imprint on the bluestone floor in front of the door. Ten thousand butter lamps have been shining for a long time, leaving traces of time and pilgrims. You can see the Jokhang Temple Square from the golden dome of the Jokhang Temple, the Potala Palace is on the hill in the distance on the right, and the willow tree near is the "princess willow", which is said to be planted by Princess Wencheng. Next to the princess willow, the two stone tablets that catch people's eyes, one in the south is the famous Tang Fan Hui League Monument, also known as the nephew and uncle League Monument, because the Tubo Zanpu Chide Zuzan who erected the monument married the princess of the Tang Dynasty emperor, so naturally his child will naturally have to call the future Tang Dynasty emperor uncle.

This stone tablet was erected in the third year of Tang Changqing and was engraved in both Chinese and Tibetan languages. At that time, Zampu Chide Zuzan expressed the sincerity of the friendship between the Tang Dynasty and the Tubo Dynasty for generations, erected this monument in front of the Jokhang Temple, the inscription was simple and unpretentious, and the words were sincere, in order to "not be enemies of each other, not to raise troops", "to make the people safe, think as one" and "always worship the good of the nephew and uncle".

From the main entrance of Jokhang Temple is the patio-style courtyard, which is the birthplace of the "geshe" (advanced degree in Tibetan Buddhism, equivalent to a doctorate) in Tibetan Buddhism. In 1409 A.D., Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Yellow Sect, founded the Great Dharma Society in Jokhang Temple, and established it as the largest Dharma activity in the Tibetan Buddhist world, and since then the Yellow Religion has become famous. During the puja, monks from major temples gather here to watch the outstanding monks selected by the temple give a fierce defense. There are several rows of butter lamps on the east side of the courtyard, and they are always bright during the day. The ghee is added by the people of each family here. Behind the butter lamp is the main entrance of the main hall of the Jokhang Temple, and the earliest buildings of the Jokhang Temple all start from the main gate; In front of the main hall, due to the friction of believers for many years, the stone floor at the entrance is as bright as a mirror. There is a huge Buddha statue on the left and right sides of the main hall. On the left is Tantric Master Padmasambhava, the founder of the Red Sect, who was originally a Buddhist scholar in India and entered Tibet in the eighth century. After he entered Tibet, tantra began to appear in Tibet. On the right is the Buddha of the Future.

Unlike most of the monasteries in Wusi and Tibet, which belong to a single Tibetan Buddhist sect, Jokhang Monastery is a sacred monastery revered by all sects. Although it has also experienced two attacks on the ban on Buddhism initiated by aristocratic ministers who believe in the primitive religion of Bon, the Jokhang Temple has either been reduced to a slaughterhouse or closed, and the statue of Sakyamuni has been buried in the ground twice. However, in the aftermath of the disaster. The temple has reached unprecedented heights.

Jokhang Temple is not only a temple dedicated to many Buddha statues and holy relics for believers to worship, but also a three-dimensional and realistic representation of the tantric teachings of the mandala (mandala), the ideal model of the universe in Buddhism. After the integration of religion and state, the government offices of the "Kasha" were also located in the Jokhang Temple. During the Kangxi period, Yue Fei's twenty-first grandson Yue Zhongqi broke through Lhasa and drove out the Dzungar people who were entrenched in Lhasa and held several living Buddhas, and the Qing army was stationed in a grand manner, becoming the second regime to garrison troops in Lhasa after the Yuan Dynasty, and then laid the foundation for the "golden bottle lot" system for the reincarnation of the two living Buddhas, the great erudite treasure and the great sea master, and this golden bottle lottery has always been carried out in the Jokhang Temple. By the way. From the perspective of safeguarding national unity and territorial integrity, Yue Zhongqi's credit is not a little stronger than that of his ancestor who was loyal to the country. Even if there are a hundred stupid hats who persuaded him to raise troops to avenge the revenge of his ancestors, Zeng Jing can't compare to Yue Zhongqi alone. Compared with his exploits in Qinghai, Wusizang, Kangding, and Balikun grasslands in Huijiang, only Zuo Zongtang, Wang Huzi, Zhang Guohua and others who came out of the customs can be compared.

After entering the Jokhang Temple from the main entrance, you will enter a wide open-air courtyard in a clockwise direction, which was once the site of the grand Lhasa prayer festival "Melang Chenmo". At that time, tens of thousands of monks from the three major monasteries in Lhasa will gather here to pray for the happiness of all sentient beings and social stability, and also hold activities such as debate scriptures, exorcism of ghosts, and welcoming Maitreya Buddha. "Murlang Chenmo" began in 1409 A.D., the founder of the Yellow Sect, Lama Tsongkhapa, in order to commemorate Shakyamuni's defeat of the six foreign ways with the method of divine transformation, convened monks from various monasteries and sects. It was built during the first month of the Tibetan calendar and held a blessing ceremony in the Jokhang Temple. The murals on the walls of the colonnade and the cloister around the courtyard are called the Thousand Buddha Corridor because they are full of thousands of Buddha statues.

It is not far from the Thousand Buddha Corridor. Rotating clockwise from left to right, the first small hall is the hall of Tsongkhapa and his eight great disciples, built in honor of the founder of the Gelug sect and his eight great disciples. The main deity enshrined in the temple is Tsongkhapa, and the other eight are his eight great disciples, of which the two most famous disciples, Kaydrubjey and Jacchogyal, are located on the left and right sides of the statue of Tsongkhapa. These eight disciples have all made great contributions to the promotion of the Yellow Sect. The 1st Great Erudite Treasure Wise and the 1st Great Sea Master are among the eight great disciples. Among the six major monasteries of the Yellow Sect, Ganden Monastery was built by Tsongkhapa himself, and Drepung Monastery, Sera Monastery and Tashilhunpo Monastery were all built by his disciples.

Just when Wu Xing and Zhang Kewang and Zhang Dingguo were drinking and talking. Another controversy over the pattern of the world is raging in this Buddhist shrine on the snowy plateau. Lama Tsongkhapa praised him for being the most like his Buddha statue, looking down on the group of descendants and his disciples with the eyes of compassionate beings. It's just that in this controversy, both sides did not directly rule out Li Shouhan's struggle for power like Wu Xing, but argued that Li Shouhan and Huang Taiji were compared. Which is more likely to take over the world.

After cooperating with Gushi Khan to solve the second generation of Zangba Khan Karma Dan Wangpo, the power of the Yellow Sect was expanded again under the support of Gushi Khan. After returning to Lhasa from Shigatse, the two disciples of Lama Tsongkhapa, Master Dahai and the Great Erudite Treasure Wise Man, quietly convened a secret meeting attended only by the high-ranking monks and nobles of the Yellow Sect, and debated on where the Yellow Sect should go next and what kind of backer to find. Although the current soldiers are still strong, in the eyes of the two Buddhas, the decline has been fully revealed.

Since the Buddha has such an expression, this debate is largely similar to a certain fan and a certain black on the forum in later generations who are listing evidence and tearing @ coercion.

As a die-hard fan of the Nanyue Army, an active supporter of the construction of the Heavenly Road, a Dalangsheng peddler and grain merchant, Chen Gyatso made no secret of his stance and was the first to jump out to express his opinion. He shook his beautiful silk robe. Tightened the belt inlaid with clams and coral, and adjusted the angle of the iron and steel treasure knife at his waist, making the whole person look energetic and gorgeous. After humbly bowing to the two Buddhas, he turned to the monks and lay high-ranking nobles, and almost shouted: "Everyone, don't listen to the bewitchment of evil ways and demons. My hope for a strong health in the snowy region is only to cooperate with the Nanyue Army. The Nanyue army had sharp firearms, sharp knives and guns, snow-like sugar and salt, and dazzling cloth. And what they collect are cordyceps, cowhides, cow wool and Langsheng piles of special products that we don't even look at. And the seven treasures of the Buddha that we regard as more precious than life are everywhere on the territory of the Nanyue Army. Regardless of whether it is present or in the long run, cooperation with the Nanyue Army will be beneficial and harmless. ”

Tridacnis, which is a large shell in the sea, these things abound in the depths of the sea in Qiongzhou Mansion and other places. As Chanchen Gyatso said. This thing is nothing in the eyes of Li Shouhan and the high-level leaders of the Nanyue Army, but it is rare and expensive, and in this snowy plateau, it is an extremely rare treasure. Although it is said that there is no production of beeswax and other things in the territory of the Southern Guangdong Army, the main production area of beeswax is the Baltic Sea, and the production area of rare beeswax is generally in the Middle East, and there are some in Africa. However, because it controlled the main routes between the east and the west. Such products are not difficult to find. Zhan Gyatso himself easily bought a few loads in Hue and other shops, returned to the snowy plateau, and swayed everywhere, using it to make friends with nobles, the great lama, the two Buddhas on the throne. He was also devoutly worshipped.

Chen Gyatso's words almost distorted Ilagoksan's nose, and as a clearly pro-Liao faction, he was greatly annoyed by Chen Gyatso's performance. The heart said that you bastard who was blackened by gold and silver, for the gold and silver of the Nanyue Army, I think Li Shouhan will take a fancy to your own mother. I guess you'll sell your own mother right away.

While gritting his teeth, he twisted the Buddha beads made of Dongzhu given by Huang Taiji, stood up and said loudly: "Gyatso Zang, which one do you say is a demon?" Don't think I don't know what you did, in order to curry favor with the Nanyue Army, you sold the Buddha's people like cattle, and made the snow uneasy, I think you are the demon. In addition, I advise you to listen carefully to the news from the outside, the invincible Li Shouhan in your mouth was defeated in Liaodong, and there was a rebellion inside. What does this mean? It shows that Bogda Khan is the destiny of heaven. No matter how powerful Li Shouhan is, he is also a demon who is disgusted by the Buddha, and if everyone follows Li Shouhan, sooner or later they will be disgusted by the Buddha. ”

Chen Gyatso snorted disdainfully and said: "It's just that some Langsheng are poor, you used to feel disgusting at a glance, when did these people become the Buddha's people?" If you really regard those lowly Langsheng piles of poor people as the people before the Buddha's drive, you might as well reward them with some money and food, so that they can pious incense before the Buddha's drive. Then order the housekeeper of your house not to sell Langsheng to my butler again. As for Uncle Ning Yuan, his old man has the blessing of the heavens, and the rebellions in the territory have been quelled in turn, so you don't have to worry about it. Besides, the great King Gesar has not been defeated by the Demon King, if you lose your eyes because of a small defeat, why don't you invite a Demon King to go home and worship? As for the dog Tartar head in Liaodong, it's just that the demon magic has caused heavy snow to hinder Master Wang, and when Uncle Ning Yuan is free, I don't believe that he can make a name for himself when the demon law is exhausted. Besides, people say that if you kill a thousand enemies, you will lose 800 yourself, but that Tartar head is the same, killing 5,000 enemies and losing 100,000 yourself, this victory is really ancient and unparalleled. ”

As a person with vested interests, Chen Gyatso has gained countless benefits from his trade activities with the Nanyue army, including gold and silver, food, popularity, and the weight of speaking in front of the Buddha. The so-called ass decides the head, since he has received so many benefits from the Nanyue Army, how can he be allowed to go against his own rice class master?

At that moment, someone casually chimed in, "Three Ilagok, if you don't plan to sell your Langsheng pile to Chen Gyatso to build a road, so that the light of the Buddha can shine on the heads of the believers, then you might as well give us all your share." ”

"That's it! The minions on my manor eat a lot of my barley every day. Since you don't plan to sell, why don't we sell it for you! ”

Chen Gyatso's words, with a gun and a stick, and the words were extremely insulting, and the angry Iraguk San jumped over directly and grabbed him by the neck and said: "You speak to me politely, Bogda Khan is the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, not a Tartar head." ”

Chen Gyatso pushed Iraguk San away, then patted the Nanzhong fine silk satin robe on his body, and still said sarcastically: "What is that person in Liaodong who is not a Tartar head?" Born in the mountains and forests, he grew up in the mountains and wilderness, and has been accompanied by elk and bears since he was a child, and even his name is birds, beasts, insects and fish. By the way, next time you go to Liaodong, bring two rabbits and badgers, and you know who you want to give them to. After saying that, Chen Gyatso laughed to himself.

Ilaguksan looked at the arrogant Chen Gyatso, and wanted to kill people angrily, but in an instant he had words, so he said: "Yes, Ning Yuanbo is invincible, Liaodong is full of elk, foxes and rabbits, and your Ning Yuanbo is invincible." Therefore, the invincible Ning Yuanbo's good son-in-law and grandson fought all the way from Liaoyang to Gaizhou, and Ning Yuanbo, his old man, fought all the way from Tianjin to Hejing, and I heard that because the happiness of victory was too strong, he was already happy. ”

"That's a good point! But it is said that Ning Yuanbo's son-in-law and grandson crossed the sea with a partial division of thousands of soldiers and horses, broke dozens of cities along the way, turned the area where the Liao thieves were entrenched into a white land, robbed hundreds of thousands of people, and even the capital of the Liao thieves was almost breached, and then this army was able to withdraw safely. Who is this defeated? ”

"You!" Iraguk III was a little annoyed. Seeing that the great lamas and the nobles who had benefited from Chen Gyatso nodded yes one after another, and even worse, made mocking expressions at him. These people are all realists, and no matter how strong the soldiers and horses of the Liao thieves are, they are thousands of miles away. But all kinds of good things of the Nanyue Army are on their bodies, waists, and in the treasury of their homes.

"The strength of the Nanyue army is nothing more than firearms, and this thing is also in the hands of Bogda Khan! Moreover, the artillery is far stronger and sharper than the Ming army! "Iraguk San began to put gold on Huang Taiji's face. This is not a lie and intimidation, if you do not count the factors of the Nanyue army, then the firearms of the Liao thieves at this time have far exceeded the Ming army. (To be continued......)