Ning Wu was indeed under the command of the commander-in-chief Zhou Yuji, and the Shanxi offensive, which made the main force of the Dashun Army like a bamboo, suffered an accident.

In history, this battle of Ningwu was almost the only decent battle in the process of Li Zicheng's eastward expedition across the river.

As a result, the significance and tragedy of this battle have been written by countless people.

What field battles for several days, besieging the city for ten days, wounding more than 10,000 people with artillery fire. Open the door and fight, kill more than 1,000 peasant soldiers, run out of gunpowder, and take advantage of the night to lead 200 strong men, enter the peasant army camp, and win, the peasant army retreats 20 miles, Zhou Yuji sticks to half a month, the reinforcements do not arrive, open the city gate and surrender, lure more than 10,000 peasant soldiers into the city, close the gate, kill the four strong generals of the peasant army, and kill the peasant army in the city, all killed. Li Zicheng inspected more than 70,000 soldiers before and after the inspection, and was very worried about the advance, saying: "Although Ningwu is broken, there are too many casualties, and since then it has reached the Jingshi, Datong, Xuanfu, and Juyongguan Heavy Soldiers Hundreds of thousands are as good as Ningwu. ”

"On the twenty-fifth day, the thief (referring to Li Zicheng) gathered the leader and said: 'Although Ning Wu is broken, he has been deeply injured. Since then, there have been 100,000 Datong soldiers, 100,000 Xuanfu soldiers, 200,000 Juyong soldiers, and 200,000 Yanghe and other town soldiers. It's like Ning Wu, and there is a legacy! Why don't you go back to Shaanxi to rest and go on another route. 'The class division has been engraved tomorrow morning" and other records, all of which are boasting of Zhou Yuji's achievements and the tragedy of the battle of Ningwuguan.

On the other hand, it is the description of the slaughter after the Dashun army broke the city.

"Zhou Yuji's wife, Liu, a Mongolian, Rao Yong was abnormal, led more than 20 women to the house and shot, and was set on fire by the peasant army. Zhou Yuji jumped on foot, killed dozens of people with his hands, and the arrows were like hedgehog hair, and he was held and shot with a high pole. Or in the city. "Ping Kou Zhi" and other books say, "The thief slaughters Ningwu, and the baby is not round", Wang Xian wrote "Excerpt Supplement" and said, "The thief hates it for a long time, and the slaughter is complete, and the blood flows into waves." ’。

In the pen of the literati. This battle of Ningwuguan can almost be compared with the five hundred perfect people in Taiyuan, Meng Lianggu of Zhang lame, the battle of Kinmen, and so on. But, if you think about it, what exactly does the truth look like?

The unkind author is going to pick up the skin and wash the face of some people here again.

First, the timing is not right.

Historically, on the eighth day of the first month of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, Li Zicheng swore to go north in Xi'an, and the million-strong division crossed the Yellow River from the gate of Yu to the east and passed through Shanxi. Straight to the Kyoshi. After crossing the river, the troops were divided into three routes, Li Zicheng led the main force of about 500,000 people in the northeast road, captured Pingyang (Linfen) on the twenty-eighth day of the first month, captured Fenzhou (Fenyang) on the second day of February, captured Taiyuan on the eighth day of February, and surrounded Daizhou (Dai County) after capturing Xinzhou on February 16. In the article "Zhou Yu Ji Ning Wu War" in volume 20 of "Ming Ji Beiluo", it says, "Yu Ji Sheqi wins." Every battle must be won", holding each other for half a month. It was not until the first day of March that the city was conquered by the Dashun army. This is obvious nonsense.

According to the "Magazine" in Volume 30 of Kangxi's 21st "Shanxi Tongzhi", Li Zicheng "got up from Taiyuan on February 16 and went to Ningwu for a few days"; In March of the seventeenth year of Chongzhen, the draft of "The Ministry of War has suppressed the cloud realm for the thief" said that the Dashun army "crossed the Yanmen Pass on the 20th and attacked Ningwu on the 21st"; In the fifteenth year of Qianlong, volume 11 of the "Ningwu Mansion Chronicles", the time when the Dashun army conquered Ningwu was February 22. This makes it clear. The entire battle of Ningwu lasted only two days. At that time, the Ming army was already at the end of its strong crossbows, and its morale was not high, and there was no such thing as "holding each other for half a month".

Moreover, if it is really as recorded by the literati, they will hold each other for half a month only in Ningwu Pass. It was only on the first day of March that the Dashun army broke through the city, so how did Zhu Youzhen go to the coal mountain at the end of March to find the crooked neck tree to discuss the fate of life? You must know that from Ningwu to Beijing, along the way, you have to pass through Datong, Xuanfu, Juyongguan and other dangerous places, and with the speed of Li Zicheng's army of hundreds of thousands, it is impossible to drive to the city of Beijing in half a month and 20 days. You must know that from Ningwu to Beijing, the railway distance is 540 kilometers, and the road distance is also more than 500 kilometers. If you are a hiker for a few hikers, you can walk to the territory of Beijing in ten days and a half, note that it is the territory, not the urban area of Beijing. Walking to the territory is also extremely exhausting. How can an army of hundreds of thousands do this? Even if there is barely a small elite force that can do it, it will definitely be sleepy and easy for the enemy to take advantage of.

Second, there is a serious discrepancy between the strength and results of the two sides.

Killing and wounding more than 10,000 people with artillery fire? The Ningwu Pass guarded by your Zhou Yuji, although it is one of the three passes outside the defense line of the Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty (the other two passes are the partial head pass and the Yanmen Pass), is in the middle of the three passes, and it is also the seat of Shanxi Town, one of the nine important towns along the line of the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. The predecessors said: "Ningwuguan ...... It is bordered by Yunshuo (Datong, Shuozhou) in the north, and is biased in the west (Bianguan, Baode), which is the most important place. "But it is just a small city with a circumference of more than 3,500 meters, a height of 15 meters, and a wall width of more than 3 meters. Even if there are some artillery pieces that defend against the Mongolian cavalry, with the urine of the late Ming Dynasty's military waste, these artillery can't kill and injure more than 10,000 enemies with artillery fire anyway, do you think your cannon is the Hongyi cannon of Yuan Dushi's division, and after a cannon passes, it will be eroded for dozens of miles? Or the Katyusha rocket artillery of the Soviet Red Army, which was most suitable for dealing with cluster targets?

It has to be said that these guns are really high-quality products of good quality, and they were fired until the gunpowder was exhausted, and there were no things that were pleasant to see in the use of firearms in the late Ming Dynasty, such as exploding the bore and overheating the barrel.

The gunpowder ran out of hand-to-hand combat, and the hand-to-hand combat was not the opponent's use of deception to gain delay. As a result, under the pen of the literati, Li Zicheng once again played the role of a brainless person. On the premise that the enemy army had not disarmed and left the city, he did not send a small force to control the key points, so he rashly sent a large group of men and horses into Ningwu Pass. As a result, the more than 10,000 forwards and the so-called four generals became Zhou Yuji's results.

Sling the bull! Can you make up nonsense in the future, can you use your brains a little? Or a little deceptive?

More than 10,000 people of the Dashun army marched into Ningwu Guancheng at one time? was also annihilated by thousands of soldiers and horses who had been fighting fiercely for several days by Zhou Yuji's subordinates? I'll go! All of these soldiers and horses are governors! Does Ningwuguan have an urn city and a guanxiang right that can accommodate more than 10,000 people at the same time, not to mention, are these people pouring in in a swarm of formations after the ball game is over? If your thousands of troops and horses want to annihilate more than 10,000 forwards, they will inevitably concentrate all of them, but if your troops are concentrated in one point, the rest will be empty. These more than 10,000 Shun troops were slaughtered by you like pigs and sheep. There is also to be some movement, if the main force of the Dashun army outside the city pounces at this time, what should you do?

The most outrageous thing is that the psychological shadow area brought to the Dashun army by this battle is huge! Unexpectedly, the dead and wounded were checked, and more than 70,000 people were killed and injured in just one Ningwu Pass! However, according to the record. There are only more than 4,000 people under the command of Master Zhou, and this is still the elite soldiers who dared to fight after he arrived in Ningwu, "eliminating the old and weak, fighting in armor, and practicing bravery". Sure enough, it's the elite! In the case that the weapons and equipment are inferior to the people, the average person has to kill and injure nearly twenty people! Li Zicheng was quite afraid of the "hundreds of thousands of soldiers and horses" in Datong, Xuanfu, Juyongguan and other places in front of him, and planned to retreat to Shaanxi to rest and find another way.

Let's ask Ningwuguan how badly it is, is there Tongguan Nanyuan who fights badly? At that time, Li Zicheng's old book was almost exhausted, and he did not lose his fighting spirit. Just a Ningwuguan made him discouraged?

However, after the battle of Ningwu Pass, the entire nine-sided portal and the outer three passes were completely opened. The Dashun Army Horse Brigade was still in Ningwu, and the striker had not yet left the country, and the messenger of Jiang Pai, the general soldier of Datong, galloped to the horse, on behalf of Jiang Pai to ask for Shun Dashun. Shun Tian should be joined by others.

"Your Majesty, in my humble opinion. It should quickly move north, occupy Datong, and capture Yanghe. Wiped out the Ming Army Xuanda Governor Wang Jimo's department and swept Xuanda! Sending away Jiang Jian's surrender envoy, Niu Jinxing took the opportunity to suggest to Li Zicheng, who was overjoyed. Since the war is going so smoothly now, then simply scatter the soldiers and horses and run! Occupy as much territory as you can!

Such advice. Naturally, the time and place are in line with it, and Li Zicheng has no reason to disagree.

As a result, the Dashun military horses had just taken over the defense of Datong, and even Jiang Ji had not had time to eat the banquet for the Dashun Emperor, and the expressions of the soldiers and civilians from all over the Yanghe region who were ready to surrender flew like snowflakes.

The saddest of all. It is Wang Jimo, the governor of Xuanda. All the towns, battalions, and generals under his command wrote letters of allegiance to Li Zicheng there, preparing to welcome the new monarch in a different world. But he didn't dare to march the military law to deal with these people, and he didn't even dare to say a word of seriousness. can only summon the civil and military officials of the whole city to the Guandi Temple, swear blood oaths, and try to use these forms to inspire people. He himself was "loud and intense, shedding tears and pouring out his liver", but the effect was not the same, "everyone but silently responded".

This is the so-called real combat effectiveness of 100,000 soldiers in Datong, 100,000 soldiers in Xuanfu, and 200,000 soldiers in Yanghe and other towns!

In order not to be taken prisoner, and in order to prevent his subordinates from tying themselves up as a gift to the new dynasty and submitting their names, Wang Jimo led more than 100 people to escort more than 10,000 taels of treasury silver and fled back to Beijing. Whether the silver was transported to prevent it from being left for Li Zicheng's use, like a capital enemy, or whether he was going to take it away as his own living expenses, we don't know.

However, as soon as he walked to Tianchengwei (today's Tianzhen County), he was shocked to find that these family members were also unreliable! "The soldiers shouted and shook the sky, and took away all their good horses and silver, and took them to the thieves!"

Seeing such a tragic scene, Governor Wang really wanted to cry without tears. He cried and complained to Chongzhen in the inscription he wrote to Chongzhen: "Look at this time, there is no soldier, no general, and no people who do not turn against thieves. ”

"The minister is alone, and he has to return to the emperor."

"Bastard!"

Chongzhen, who was in the Dongnuan Pavilion of the Qianqing Palace, angrily overturned the table, slapping the table hard, shaking his arm and almost jumping up.

Wang Jimo was ordered to aid Yun (referring to Datong), and at this time, he was promoting sincerity and encouraging the masses to work hard. According to the soldiers, they will be dispersed, and they will not accept the dispatch, and they will be safe on weekdays? Gu Dai sin cleaned up the soldiers and generals, and immediately relieved the cloud siege. It is not allowed to circumvent the words in order to do the Dafa. ”

He picked up the brush, dipped it in cinnabar, and wrote such instructions on Wang Jimo's recital, asking Wang Jimo, the commander of the light pole who even ran away from the family around him, to recover Datong, otherwise, he couldn't die if he wanted to!

After writing this instruction, Chongzhen seemed to have exhausted all the strength of his body, and he leaned back weakly on the brocade pillow, just looking at the caisson on the ceiling with empty eyes.

There was a faint sound of footsteps, and needless to say, he could hear who it was.

"Companion, what's the matter?"

The person who came was the eunuch Wang Dehua, who was the master of ceremonies.

"Emperor, it's nothing important."

Hearing Wang Dehua's slurring tone, Chongzhen smiled bitterly. "Companion, do you still need this between you and me? The situation has eroded to this point, what am I afraid of? If there's anything, just play it! ”

Wang Dehua brought bad news.

When the Dashun army arrived in Yanghe. Mingyang and Bingbei are in Chonghua. "Ten miles in the suburbs, Shimin cattle wine plugged the road." Wang Chengyin, the chief soldier of Xuanfu (now Xuanhua, Hebei), also sent people to Datong to surrender in advance, and received 1,000 people from the vanguard of the Dashun Army to infiltrate Xuanhua. The folk even spread the rumor that the Dashun Army "did not commit any crimes in the autumn, paid money to help the poor, pardoned the grain and the poor, and really made a comeback if Pei Shang Pavilion Chief and Taiyuan Gongzi came back." ”

Hear that. Zhu Youzhen felt as if another sledgehammer had hit him the chest and top of his head a few times, making him dizzy, his chest was stuffy for a while, and there was a hint of sweetness in his throat, and he secretly screamed that it was not good. Qiang Zi suppressed the surging intention, and it took a while to ease up.

"What about Zhu Zhifeng?! Datong Governor Wei Jingyu committed suicide and martyrdom, what happened to him?! ”

The Zhu Zhifeng in his mouth is the governor of Xuanfu. Born as a jinshi in the fifth year of the Apocalypse, he once served as a magistrate in Shandong. Fierce temperament. As soon as he took office, he immediately decided to eliminate redundant soldiers, restore Tuntian, inspect the false salaries of the army, impeach and imprisoned Tang Yu, the general soldier who was corrupt and perverted the law, and investigate the hidden fields in the town.

And Wei Jingai, the governor of Datong, surrendered because of Jiang Ping, the general soldier of Datong. He was captured along with the Dai Wang's family. The clan that has been doing evil in the Datong area for many years is naturally executed. But. Wei Jingai, who is also a fellow villager in Shaanxi, is treated differently. Because of his good official reputation, Li Zicheng intended to recruit him, and when he persuaded him to surrender, he said: "I am a people's ear, and at this point today, the destiny of heaven can be known, and you are really a good official." Erzhu still uses Erfu Datong. ”

When persuasion failed, Li Zicheng promised him that he could send him back to his hometown in Hancheng, Shaanxi. However, Wei Jingai begged for a quick death, and he went to Haihui Temple to die by himself. Li Zicheng ordered his body to be buried and gave his family money, carriages and horses. Ordered someone to escort him back to his hometown in Hancheng.

is also the governor of the Xuanda region, and Zhu Zhifeng's fate is not much different.

"Back to the emperor's words, the same is true for Governor Zhu. Wang Chengyin, the chief soldier of Xuanfu, communicated with the thieves and plotted to surrender the thieves. Zhu Zhifeng supervised the battle at the head of the city, and the sergeant held hands and was silent. The line of fire of all cannons has been extinguished, and the doors have been plugged and cannot be fired. ”

This news made Chongzhen speechless for a long time. Xuanfu is only more than 200 miles away from Beijing, only Juyong Pass is in the middle, and the elite cavalry can be reached by galloping for a day and night.

But what Chongzhen never expected was that Wang Dehua embezzled some important information from this latest military newspaper, that is, Du Xun, the eunuch who guarded Xuanfu Town, and Wang Chengyin rushed to surrender Xuanfu City.

Seeing Chongzhen waving his hand weakly, Wang Dehua retreated backwards and bowed his body and withdrew from the Dongnuan Pavilion very interestingly. Walking into the courtyard, Wu Liangfu and other henchmen had quietly gathered not far from the palace gate to wait for him.

"Father-in-law, there's an accident in the south!"

Wu Liangfu lowered his voice and told his ancestor Wang Dehua about the new emergency military situation.

"Something's wrong? What's up? Didn't the grandfather of the country go on an excerpt the day before yesterday and ask the emperor to drive south to the south of the Yangtze River? How did something happen today!? Wang Dehua was a little annoyed. Li Shouhan's several remarks were all about inviting the emperor to tour the south of the Yangtze River and stay in the capital in order to prosper. Chongzhen was also quite moved by this. However, the emperor discussed this matter with the court officials and cabinet bigwigs several times, but they were all vetoed by the bigwigs on various grounds.

For the little abacus in these people's hearts, Wang Dehua didn't say anything in his mouth, but he could guess in his heart. Two words, interests! For the sake of these two words, even Chongzhen's proposal to send the prince to Fengyang to worship the ancestral tomb, and by the way, to supervise the military horses in Jiangbei, Fengyang and other places, they resolutely vetoed it. Moreover, the use of words and examples is very vicious.

"Your Majesty, if His Royal Highness the Crown Prince arrives in Fengyang, someone will follow the story of Tang Suzong's Lingwu back then, where will His Majesty be?" This method of poisoning the well suddenly made all those who planned to persuade Chongzhen to go south suddenly shut their mouths.

And Wang Dehua himself is a person who advocates that Chongzhen immediately leave Beijing and go to Nanjing to try Zhongxing again. Hearing Wu Liangfu's announcement that something had happened in the south, the first reaction in my mind was, don't be in Nanjing!

What he was most worried about was that the group of Donglin rebels in the capital of Nanjing clashed with Grandpa Guo's military horses entering the city, and Grandpa Guo was angry, and the consequences were not easy to say.

"Ancestor, it's not Nanjing that has an accident! It's King Lu! ”

Wu Liangfu's words made Wang Dehua's heart feel a lot more stable. King Lu, who was sealed in Weihui, although he was born by the Empress Dowager Li with the Emperor Wanli, but because of the favor of his young son, he almost threatened the throne of Wanli. not only threatened Wanli, but also affected the establishment of Wanli's heir. At that time, Wanli planned to appoint the son of the favored Concubine Zheng as the crown prince, but the Empress Dowager Li and the courtiers cited the example of King Lu to oppose it. Therefore, as a descendant of Wanli, Zhu Youzhen naturally does not have a good impression of King Lu's lineage.

"What's the matter? Was he also killed by thieves? ”

The Weihui Mansion, where the Luwang Mansion is located, was exposed to the forehead of the Dashun Army after Liu Fangliang conquered the Shangdang. Because there is a precedent for the killing of Zhu Huihong, the king of Shen who was in the upper party, Wang Dehua naturally thought of whether Zhu Changshu, the king of Lu, was also killed by Liu Fangliang. Anyway, now the princes, county kings and other clans in various places are all in a panic.

"Not really. Under the protection of the chief soldier Bu Congshan, Zhu Changshu, the king of Lu, crossed the river with his palace dependents and treasures. However, he was intercepted by Li Dagongzi and refused to allow him to enter the ground in Shandong. Claiming that his fief was in Weihui, ask him to go back. King Lu was not convinced, and argued with the precedent of King Fu, and the result was ,......"

"How did it turn out?" Wang Dehua instinctively realized that it must be King Lu who suffered this Li Huayu's big loss.

"Hou Ye Li said that when the old Fu Wang was killed, he never fled. Now King Fu has to endure humiliation in order to continue the bloodline, otherwise it is against filial piety. If King Lu is also dead, he should respect King Lu's son. Because Li Huayu was canonized as the Marquis of Changqing by the imperial court, although he himself did not accept this title, the eunuchs in the palace had already called him this title.

When King Lu heard this, he was naturally annoyed. reprimanded the Shandong generals and horses. However, which of the soldiers under Hou Ye Li is easy to get along with? Although he didn't dare to do anything to the Lu Wang clan, he beat up the guards violently. Ordered them to hurry up and escort King Lu back to the feudal kingdom, otherwise they would be sent with guns. King Lu had no choice but to stay in the Zhangde Mansion for the time being, and the above table impeached Li Huayu for misconduct. ”

"Nonsense!" Wang Dehua scolded, but he didn't know who was scolding. (To be continued.) )

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