Chapter 61: The War of Resistance in Hankou (2)
After the attack on Jiujiang, the Japanese troops on the south bank were divided into two routes, and the 106th Division of Songpu attacked De'an along the Nanxun Road. The Potian detachment and the Marines continued their march west along the river with naval ships to attack the next point, Ruichang; On August 11, it successfully forced a landing at the port northeast of Ruichang, and broke the counterattack of the 12th Army of the defender Sun Tongxuan and attacked Ruichang. The 3rd Army, reinforced by the 32nd Regiment of Townenburg, fought hard. In late August, the 9th Division also arrived at Ruichang under the escort of ships, and the 6th Brigade of the Forward Regiment landed all the way to Liyu Mountain, Bijia Mountain and other important places, and captured Ruichang on August 24. After the occupation of Ruichang, Maruyama Masao's 6th Brigade was supposed to attack southwest and cut off the Guangdong-Hanzhou Railway, but when he saw that the 106th and 101st Divisions of Nanxun Road were beaten by Xue Yue's 1st Corps, he felt incredible, and killed him in a hurry. Maruyama led his troops into the Minshan Mountains and plunged directly behind the defenders on the front of Nanxun Road. Xue Yue also thought that the Sichuan army lied about the military situation, so he ordered the 74th Army to send a regiment to drive away the enemy in Minshan and cover the safety of the defenders on the front of Nanxun Road. A brigade sent by the 74th Army was almost dumpled. Zhou Zhidao of the 151st Brigade immediately came back to his senses, and led the troops to fight and withdraw at the same time. After receiving the report, Wang Yaowu was also afraid that something would happen to the 151st Brigade, so he hurriedly led other troops of the 51st Division to support, but who knew that the 51st Division was not an opponent when it went together. The 51st Division was beaten back and forth, and Yu Jishi finally figured out the enemy's strength and number at this time, and hurriedly led all the other troops of the 74th Army to rush to support. But it still didn't retreat. By September 3, the Maruyama detachment occupied Huimaling, and the 4th Army, 64th Army, and 18th Army of the frontal defenders of Nanxun Road were threatened and forced to retreat, and retreated to the next defensive line, the Wushimen position, to continue to hold on. Maruyama's frenzied offensive was finally withheld. The Maruyama Brigade returned to Ruichang on its own to join the 9th Division Guijian and the Botian Detachment to continue its westward march along the Yangtze River, while at the same time attacking with the 27th Division in the direction of Jixi. The 30th Army and the 18th Army and other units fought one by one along the Ruichang-Wuning highway, holding each other for more than a month, until October 5, after the Japanese 27th Division captured Qixi, turned to the northwest to attack, and on the 18th, it fell into Xintanpu (Yangxin) in Hubei Province and attacked in the direction of Jinniu (now Daye). During this period, the defending 31st Army and the 32nd Army Corps resisted the Japanese troops advancing west along the Yangtze River in the area west of Ruichang, and the fortress of Fuchikou opposite Tianjiazhen was also shaken by the absconding of the 18th Division commander Li Fangchen, and the military spirit was shaken, and it fell on September 24, and the Japanese finally opened the Yangtze River waterway to Wuhan. The 2nd Corps organized the 6th, 54th, 75th, and 98th armies and the 26th and 30th corps to strengthen the defense in the Yangxin area, and fought until October 22, when Yangxin, Daye, and Echeng (now Ezhou) were lost one after another, and the Japanese 9th Division and the Botian Detachment rushed to Yueyang to cut off the Guangdong-Hanzhou Railway.
While the Japanese army marching west to attack Ruichang, the 106th Division attacked south from Jiujiang along the Nanxun Railway (Nanchang-Jiujiang). The defending 1st Corps, the 29th Corps, Li Hansoul, Ou Zhen's 4th Army, Li Yutang's 8th Army and other units relied on the favorable terrain on both sides of Lushan Mountain and the northern section of the Nanxun Railway to resist stubbornly, and the Japanese attack was frustrated. had to turn to attack the Jinguanqiao position of Li Jue of the 70th Army, who knew that the 70th Army relied on the natural danger on Lushan to resist stubbornly, and Songpu's attack was thwarted again. Okamura Ninji ordered the Japanese 101st Division to cross Poyang Lake from Hukou to reinforce, break through the 25th Army's Wang Jingjiu defense line, capture Xingzi, and cooperate with the 106th Division to attempt to capture De'an and capture Nanchang to ensure the safety of the southern side of the Japanese army advancing westward. Xue Yue, commander-in-chief of the 1st Corps, and Ye Zhao's 66th Army, Yu Jishi's 74th Army, 4th, and Chen Baoan's 29th Army, together with the 25th Army, fought fiercely with them in the passes and Mahuiling areas north of De'an, and the two sides were in a state of stalemate. The Nationalist Army wounded the commander of the Japanese 101st Division, Masaki Ito.
At the end of September, seeing that the progress of Nanxun Road was so slow, Okamura was in a hurry. Through aerial reconnaissance, he found that after a month of fierce fighting, the defensive gap between Nanxun Road and Ruiwu Road was getting bigger and bigger, and at this time, a strange soldier was sent through this gap and suddenly appeared behind the defenders, so the 200,000 Chinese defenders in front of Nanxun Road could be surrounded by three divisions of the Japanese army. Okamura personally planned everything for Matsuura, and he divided the 106th Division into five divisions so that it could stealthily penetrate the gaps in the national defense line and support each other in the event of an attack. The 106th Division officially began its operation, entering the Wanjialing area west of De'an, but was lost due to a map error. Xue Yue discovered that he commanded the 4th, 66th, and 74th armies to detour from the flank and surround them. The Japanese 27th Division was reinforced and repulsed by the 32nd Army and other units in the Baishui Street area west of Wanjialing. The national army launched a general offensive, fought fiercely for three days and nights, and defeated the Japanese counterattack many times. In order to save the defeat of the 106th Division, the Japanese army airdropped more than 200 officers to the Wanjialing area, hoping to restore the command of the front-line combat units, but none of the officers were wiped out alive when they saw the 106th Division. Then Xue Yue organized a full-line attack, and all units formed a death squad, topless, rushed into the enemy camp, and touched the Japanese soldiers wearing clothes is a knife. Due to the isolation of the Japanese army, the supply was cut off, and the battle lasted until the 10th, and the 106th Division of the Japanese army was annihilated by more than 3,000 people, which was the battle that destroyed the most enemies in the main operations in northern Jiangxi, and was known as the "Wanjialing Victory" in history. The 106th Division had lost its offensive capability after suffering two annihilating blows in a row, that is, it was serving as a garrison in the northern section of Nanxun Road to rest and replenish, and the original mission of attacking Nanchang with the 101st Division had to be cancelled. After the victory at Wanjialing, just as the Xue Yue Corps was redeployed, the Japanese 101st Division, which was blocked east of the pass, continued to carry out small-scale attacks on the area north of the pass north of De'an, in an attempt to contain the movement of the Xue Yue Corps. After the withdrawal of Wuhan, the main force of Xue Yue's corps moved to the south of Xiushui, and the Japanese army took advantage of the situation to launch an attack on De'an. At that time, the 139th Division of the 32nd Army (attached to the 723rd Regiment of the 141st Division) was responsible for the defense of Dean City and the surrounding area. Japanese infantry, artillery, and aviation coordinated to storm Mt. Yifeng in the north of Deokan City. Chai Jingzhong, commander of the 139th Regiment of the 716th Division, was killed. The position was lost, and the Japanese army entered the city. Wang Qiming, the commander of the 723rd Regiment, led his troops to hold the southeast city of the city, and engaged in street battles with the Japanese army, fighting house by house, fighting for every inch of land, and organizing a counterattack, once repelling the Japanese troops who broke into the city, and insisted on fighting for 3 days and nights before being ordered to withdraw. This incident was quite praised by public opinion at the time, and Feng Yuxiang once wrote a poem to praise it.
In the entire operation in northern Jiangxi, the 1st Corps successfully fulfilled the task assigned by the Ninth Theater to prevent the Japanese army from expanding southward, not only breaking the Japanese army's attempt to capture Wuchang, but also inflicting annihilating blows on the 106th and 101st divisions of the Japanese 11th Army, which won the Wuhan War
In early June (1940), the 6th Division of the Japanese Army moved south from Hefei; Breaking through the defense of Xu Yuanquan's 26th Army, after capturing Tongcheng on the 13th, he turned to the southwest to attack, and fell into Qianshan on the 17th. By the beginning of July, the Japanese army occupied Taihu Lake and east of Wangjiang in Jiangbei, and occupied the Yangtze River coastal area east of Hukou in Jiangxi in Jiangnan.
On July 24, the 6th Division of the 11th Army of the Japanese invasion of China attacked from Qianshan in Anhui Province to Taihu Lake under the command of Inaba Shiro, and fought bloody battles all the way, successively breaking through the defense lines of the 31st, 68th and 84th armies, and successively captured Taihu Lake and Susong, and finally occupied Huangmei, the gateway of Guangji, after fierce street battles on August 4. After losing Huangmei, Bai Chongxi, the acting commander of the Fifth Theater, immediately commanded the troops to counterattack, but the Japanese army held on to the danger and released a large amount of poison gas, and the hard attack suffered heavy losses. Seeing that the strong attack could not work, Bai Chongxi transferred troops to flank the rear of the Japanese army, and Li Pinxian's corps recovered Taihu Lake and Qianshan, cutting off the land supply line and land retreat of the Japanese 6th Division, making Inaba in a difficult situation. Bai Chongxi seized the opportunity and commanded the 28th Army, the 84th Army and other troops facing each other head-on, to take advantage of the opportunity to storm and attack with the intention of completely annihilating the 6th Division, which had committed numerous crimes in the Nanjing Massacre. This time, although Bai Chongxi's layout was clever, he still underestimated the combat effectiveness of the Japanese army. The 6th Division held on to the danger and at the same time released a large amount of poison gas to survive the difficulties. Okamura also immediately dispatched the navy to open a supply channel at Koike across the Jiujiang River, providing ammunition and replenishment for the 6th Division. After Inaba was replenished, he began to counterattack, and although Bai Chongxi went to the front line to supervise the battle, it was to no avail. Under the onslaught of the Japanese army, the 28th, 68th and 84th armies suffered heavy casualties, and the reserves were exhausted, but they were still unable to stop the Japanese offensive and were forced to retreat to Guangji. Seeing the retreat of the defenders, the Japanese army immediately followed and pursued to Guangji, where there was a fierce battle, and the national army finally retreated, and Guangji, the gateway to Tianjia Town, was lost. After this tragic battle, the 6th Division suffered heavy losses and was unable to continue the offensive, so it rested on the spot in Guangji for 7 days and replenished 3,200 new soldiers, soldiers and equipment.
Then, the 6th Inaba Division attacked the East Boundary Ridge with a brigade and tried to advance westward from the road alone, but it encountered stubborn resistance and repeatedly ran into a wall, so it had to turn back and send the Imamura detachment from Guangji on September 15 to start smashing the gate of Tianjia Town. Tianjia Town is the most important river defense fortress of the Yangtze River, and the most important gateway to Wuhan. For such an important place, the national army was of course heavily guarded, and the commander of the 11th Army Corps, Li Yannian, led the 2nd Army to garrison the fortress, and the 84th Army of Qin Lianfang, the 48th Army of Zhang Yichun and the 68th Army of Liu Ruming fought in the periphery. At first, Fuikekou was not lost, and Tianjia Town was only attacked by the Imamura detachment, and the pressure was not great. When the weather was bad and the Japanese Air Force could not be dispatched, the three armies on the periphery continued to besiege the Imamura detachment, so that Inaba twice reinforced the Imamura detachment on a large scale to maintain the offensive. On September 24, Fuchikou was captured by the Botian detachment along the west of the river, and on the 29th, the Nationalist army had to retreat from Tianjiazhen, and the gate of the Yangtze River was smashed open. In order to seize Hankou in front of the Japanese Second Army, Okamura Ninji specially organized a fast column, led by the commander of the 36th Brigade, Ushijima Mitsuru, for a long-distance attack, and hoped to join the Second Army north of Wuhan to cut off the retreat of the Fifth Theater Army.
Dabie Mountain North Battle
The Japanese 2nd Army was delayed for a long time because of the Zhang Gufeng incident in the north, and it was not until August 22 that King Minoru Higashikuremiya led the troops from Hefei. On August 27, the 2nd Army simultaneously attacked Lu'an and Huoshan, the gateways of Dabie Mountain. After capturing Lu'an and Huoshan, the 2nd Army was divided into two routes. The 13th and 16th Divisions on the left crossed the northern foot of Dabie Mountain and approached Wuhan, and the right road went straight to Luoshan and Xinyang, and detoured to Wuhan. The 13th Division on the left flank approached Yejiaji on September 2 and began to attack Fujin Mountain. Fujin Mountain is very close to Yejiaji, on the south wing of the Shangliu Highway, the road can be blocked condescendingly on the mountain, and the Japanese army can't bypass it, so they have no choice but to attack Fujin Mountain. The two divisions of Song Xilian's 71st Army and the 114th Division of the former Northeast Army's 51st Army were guarding Fujinshan, under the unified command of Song Xilian. Song Xilian defended the main position in the middle with his most elite German-style division, the 36th Division, the original 114th Division of the Northeast Army on the left, and the 88th Division on the right. The spearhead of the Japanese attack was first directed at the main position of the 36th Division in the center. The Japanese attack pattern can be described as the same, first with aircraft bombing in turn, then heavy artillery concentrated bombardment, and finally infantry charging. Fujin Mountain is not very dangerous, and the slope is not very inclined at all, but the 36th Division is worthy of being the central trump card, desperately defending, so that the Japanese offensive has been repeatedly frustrated, until September 6, the Japanese army is still at the foot of the mountain looking up at the top of the mountain and smiling helplessly. Seeing that the 36th Division was too hard, the Japanese had no choice but to turn to attack the 114th Division on the left flank, and at the same time resorted to the trick of making a detour to the rear. This time, the Japanese army's roundabout troops were discovered by the 88th Division, and they were ambushed, losing more than 400 people, and had to return the same way. At the same time, the troops attacking head-on were also repulsed. The 13th Division's Ogisu Libing really had no choice but to ask for help from Higashikurenomiya. On September 11, the Japanese reinforcement 16th Division arrived at Fujin Mountain, and the Chinese defenders generally had no reinforcements because they pursued a steady resistance and avoided a decisive battle. After nine days of fierce fighting, the defenders suffered heavy casualties and were unable to fight again, so they had to withdraw from their positions and move to the first-line positions of Shawo and Xiaojieling. The Japanese army took advantage of the victory to pursue the national army, occupied Yejiaji and Mall, and approached the Xiaojieling defense line. If it is broken through, the Japanese army will cross the Dabie Mountain Range and advance smoothly along the road, and the national army will have no favorable terrain to rely on to stop the Japanese army. The Xiaojieling defense line was defended by Song Xilian's 71st Army, Tian Zhennan's 30th Army and Feng Anbang's 42nd Army, of which the 71st Army lacked the 36th Division (the 36th Division fought at Fujinshan, with only more than 800 people left), Sun Lianzhong this time let the 71st and 30th Army, which had suffered heavy losses in the Battle of Fujinshan, defend the head and tail of the Xiaojieling defense line, and the relatively intact Feng Anbang 42nd Army defended the head and tail of the Xiaojieling defense line alone. The three armies of the defenders took advantage of the terrain to withstand the Japanese round after round of fierce attacks, and fought from September 18 to late October, the 13th and 16th divisions finally broke through the Xiaojieling defense line, crossed the Dabie Mountain, and occupied Macheng on October 25, but by this time the national army had abandoned Wuhan. In late September, Okamura Ninji learned from aerial reconnaissance that the main force of Xue Yue's 1st Corps was fighting on the Rui (Chang) Wu (Ning) Road, and that the defenders between the Nanxun Railway and the Ruiwu Road were weak and there was a gap, so he ordered the 106th Division, which had initially recovered after reorganization, to advance westward in an attempt to cut off the connection between the Nanxun Road and the Chinese defenders on the Wuning Road. The 106th Division moved quickly after receiving Okamura's order, and on October 2, the main force of the 106th Division penetrated deep into the Wanjialing area. On October 5 and 6, the 74th Army, the main force of the 1st Corps (the predecessor of the integrated 74th Division, which was later known as one of the five main forces of the Kuomintang Army) and other units fought fiercely with the Japanese 106th Division at Changling, Beixi Street, Zhanggushan, Shishiyan and other places. The 51st Division of the 74th Army, under the command of division commander Wang Yaowu, launched several attacks on the northern end of Changling and the commanding heights of Zhanggushan occupied by the Japanese army, and Zhang Lingfu, the commander of the 305th Regiment, led a small and capable army to attack from the cliff of the back mountain that the Japanese army had neglected to guard, and occupied the main position of Zhanggushan after white-knuckle fighting. Fierce fighting until October 9, under the blow of the Chinese army, the Japanese 106th Division suffered heavy losses, especially the Japanese army grassroots officers suffered heavy casualties, and the commander of the Central China Army, General Jun Liu, personally organized the airdrop of more than 200 officers below the wing commander to the Wanjialing area to strengthen the strength, which was unique in the entire Chinese War of Resistance against Japan. After five days and nights of repeated fighting, Zhang Lingfu persisted in fighting with his wounds and finally firmly controlled the position.
The Japanese 2nd Army's Left Route Army had a poor schedule, and the Right Route Army was slightly better off than it, and the 3rd and 10th Divisions stormed Gushi, and after a fierce battle, captured the city. Then, the two divisions marched west along the highway to Huangchuan and bumped into Zhang Zizhong, a famous general of the National Army. Zhang Zizhong defended for 10 days, three days more than the original scheduled seven days, and finally was able to retreat safely in front of the enemy. After the Japanese army occupied Huangchuan, it attacked Luoshan and Xinyang, where Hu Zongnan's 1st Army and 46th Army were already in full battle. Hu Zongnan's First Army was the best equipped of the Nationalist Army at that time, with Qiu Qingquan's tank unit (the only tank unit of the Nationalist Army at that time) and Peng Mengzhi's artillery brigade (the largest artillery establishment at that time). Hu Zongnan sat on the best equipment of the national army, and used three armies and seven divisions to fight fiercely with two divisions of the Japanese army that had fought several bloody battles for more than 20 days, and even had the upper hand, and finally lost Xinyang. However, Hu did not listen to the order, and actually moved the seven divisions of his whole army to the west and retreated to Nanyang, so that the front gate of Pinghan Road was opened. The Battle of Wuhan was fought until the middle of October.
The periphery points were lost, and what was even worse was that Chiang Kai-shek did not expect that the Japanese army would be able to divide its troops to land in Guangdong at this time, and soon occupy Guangzhou, an important port in South China, on the 21st. After the fall of Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, and Guangxi, Guangzhou became the most important port in China, but compared to its importance, the defense was very lax, and half of the Cantonese army was transferred to participate in the Battle of Wuhan. Who knew that the stubborn resistance of the Warring States Army in Wuhan made the progress of the war slow, and the Japanese base camp could not wait, so it quickly transferred three divisions to form the 21st Army, led by General Koro Guzhuang, and with the support of Koichi Shiozawa, the commander of the 5th Fleet of the Navy, a surprise attack on Guangzhou. Guangdong heard a little rumor, and Guangdong Governor Wu Tiecheng also made a report to Chongqing, but Chiang Kai-shek actually thought that this was "false" information deliberately created by the Japanese, trying to get the Nationalist army to draw troops from the Wuhan battlefield to support Guangdong. If you don't increase the number of troops, Chiang Kai-shek even sent a telegram asking Yu Hanmou to transfer another division to the Wuhan battlefield. On the evening of October 11, more than 70,000 Japanese troops and 27,000 horses successfully landed in Daya Bay, Guangzhou, and all the way to Tamsui, Huizhou, Boluo and Zengcheng, and on the 21st they had already attacked the suburbs of Guangzhou. Yu Hanmou's 12th Army was defeated by the Japanese in just 10 days, and ordered the defenders of Guangzhou to retreat, and Guangzhou fell on the afternoon of the 21st.
Li Ming was completely furious after receiving the telegram, and then planned to counterattack, Lao Jiang meant not to be a lonely city and defended it, and decided to give up Wuhan, Li Ming did not agree to retreat, if the chairman retreated now, our previous efforts would be in vain, if you have the ability to let the devil come in, the chairman gave me some time, Li Ming told the chairman of the plan, if the devil continues to advance like this, we will lose the infamy of not resisting the war, losing the hearts of the people means losing the supporters, the world of the people who say all the year round, okay, I'll give you this chance, if you can't succeed in taking Hankow, you will resign as deputy commander-in-chief, of course, here is also my responsibility...