Li Xiao went from the east, and it took another two days for Zilharang to rush to the bottom of the Tukula cliff with the main infantry team.

It's just that when they were about to reach the Tukula Cliff, Zilharang and all the Qing troops were immediately stunned by the smell of corpses.

Zilharang endured the severe nausea, and ordered his soldiers to immediately go to the Tukula Cliff to bury the Qing cavalry killed in battle, whether men or horses.

When looking at those Qing soldiers, wrapping their mouths and noses with heavy thick cloths, clearing out all the corpses in the valley, and then counting and burning them in a unified manner, Zilharang's face turned pale.

It's hateful, it's hateful that when the Tang army returned to the east, it was still possible to design an ambush against the Qing army that came to pursue, which was really completely beyond Jierharang's expectations.

Soon, a large number of corpses were arranged for burial, and when he heard the numbers reported by the soldiers, Zilharang frowned deeply.

According to statistics, there were only about 2,000 corpses of Qing soldiers in the valley, that is, at least more than 2,000 Qing soldiers became prisoners of the Tang army and were eventually taken away.

From this point of view, it should be Suo Hai who took the initiative to surrender, and then took the remnants of more than 2,000 Qing cavalry to surrender to the Tang cavalry.

Zilharang looked up to the sky and sighed, deeply helpless because he had misbelieved Suohai's plan in the first place. It's just that now, where is there any regret medicine.

Just when Zilharang rushed back to Shenyang with all the infantry, Hong Chengchou, the commander-in-chief of the Ming army on the front line in western Liaoning, was in a state of anxiety.

(The following is anti-piracy, two changes tomorrow) (the following is anti-piracy, two changes tomorrow) (the following is anti-piracy, two changes tomorrow) (the following is anti-piracy, two changes tomorrow) The Ming Dynasty established in 1368 has gone through a full two hundred and sixty years by 1628, and it is only the last seventeen years from 1644, when it perished.

This is the first year of Chongzhen to the seventeenth year of Chongzhen. Chongzhen, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty - the year name of Zhu Youzhen of Ming Sizong, lasted for more than 16 years and 3 months, and finally came to its end.

At midnight on March 18, the 17th year of Chongzhen, that is, before the early morning of the 19th, the peasant army led by Li Zicheng entered the outer and inner cities of Beijing and approached the imperial city.

At the last moment, the desperate Zhu Youzhen hanged himself in the coal mountain (i.e., Jingshan) north of the Forbidden City.

His death meant the end of an era, and the Ming Dynasty, established by the ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang in 1368, came to an end in this year (1644).

Although Li Zicheng overthrew the Ming Dynasty, the days of his Dashun regime in the Forbidden City were only forty days.

Due to the failure to recruit Wu Sangui, the general soldier of the Ming Dynasty, he personally led the main force to Shanhaiguan to conquer, but was suddenly attacked by the Manchurian iron cavalry, and the army was defeated and retreated to Beijing in a hurry.

After Li Zicheng entered the Forbidden City, he did not hold an ascension ceremony for a long time, and when the general trend had gone, on April 29, he hurriedly held an ascension ceremony in the Wuying Palace, became emperor for one day, and began to evacuate Beijing the next day.

On May 3, the regent of the Qing Dynasty, Dolgon, and his entourage, under the escort of cavalry, rode into the Chaoyang Gate and went straight to the Forbidden City.

So began the era of the Qing Dynasty emperor ruling the whole country, and this year was the first year of Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty. In the transition period from the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the seventeenth year of Chongzhen has a special significance.

For the old and young of the Ming Dynasty, this is an unbearable time, so they are for the pain of losing the country in the wonderful poem "Poppy Beauty" written by Li Houzhu, who also lost the country-

"Xiaolou had another east wind last night, so the country can't afford to look back at the moonlight. The carved fence and jade masonry should still be there, but Zhu Yangai is full of poignant resonance, so it is not difficult to understand.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, when Kong Shangren's famous novel "Peach Blossom Fan" was staged, it had been half a century since the fall of the Ming Dynasty.

The last seventeen years of the Ming Dynasty were really a tragic era. According to the periodic law of the dynasty -

"Its rise is also vigorous, and its death is also sudden", the Ming Dynasty, which lasted for 276 years, was not short-lived.

The entire Ming Dynasty, like a capital English letter M, Yongle and Xuande periods appeared the first peak, its symbol is the shock of the world's Zheng He went to the West, praised by Western scholars

The feat of "discovering the world". After that, it gradually went downhill, and in the first decade of Wanli, due to the reform of Zhang Juzheng, the first assistant of the cabinet, there was Wanli Zhongxing, which made the Wanli period the most prosperous and powerful period in the history of the Ming Dynasty, creating the second peak of the Ming Dynasty.

But the good times did not last long, and the emperor wanted to eliminate Zhang Juzheng

The influence of "authoritarian shock" completely negated Zhang Juzheng's political achievements, and even thought he was

"Authoritarian and chaotic government",

"Disloyalty to the country". As a result, the high-level political leaders in the late Wanli period were busy with the dispute between friends and parties

"Fighting in the nest", state affairs took a sharp turn. In the period of the Apocalypse, the emperor was mediocre, and the power of the court fell into the hands of the great eunuch Wei Zhongxian, which was formed

In the situation of the dictatorship of the "eunuch party", the upright bureaucrats are either dismissed or killed, and the political situation is extremely corrupt.

It was in this situation that Zhu Youzhen succeeded to the throne. He severely punished Wei Zhongxian and his henchmen and investigated them

"Eunuch anti-case", for suffering

The bureaucrats persecuted by the "eunuch party" rehabilitated Zhaoxue and put things in order, hoping to build a situation of prosperity again.

However, the situation had changed dramatically, and the Qing Dynasty in the northeast was becoming more and more full-fledged, and the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty were repeatedly defeated in wars, and the Manchurian iron cavalry repeatedly crossed the Great Wall fortress and threatened Beijing and its surrounding areas.

The rebel army headed by Li Zicheng and Zhang Xianzhong has become a prairie fire and galloped through the Central Plains. These two forces both wanted to replace the Ming Dynasty.

Emperor Chongzhen and his ministers tried to turn the tide of the tide, but they had more than enough strength and staged a tragedy of the country.

In this tragedy, everyone is acting out the tragedy, the emperor ends the curtain with tragedy, and the ministers also end in tragedy.

The Ming Dynasty was helpless to perish, and died at the hands of an emperor who wanted to make a difference, not only the old and young of the Ming Dynasty, but even the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty, all sighed.

The tragedy lies in the fact that Zhu Youzhen, who is not the king of the fallen country, performed a tragedy of the lost country. In all fairness, Zhu Youzhen is definitely not a faint monarch among the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, and it is not an exaggeration to say that he is outstanding.

After he came to power, he tried to turn the tide, but because of the accumulation of too many problems, the internal decay has long been hollowed out, and the decline is irreversible.

Helplessly, the flowers fell, and the towering dynasty edifice fell with a bang. Zhu Youzhen himself was martyred by hanging himself.

How can such a plot not be sad! In the form of tragedy, it shows the process of the demise of a dynasty.

I have restored the details of this tragedy as realistically as possible, in order to give readers a profound revelation inherent in history, not just the nostalgia of the past.

Just as we watch Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet", we do not have to stand in Hamlet's position, but look at history from a distance with a detached eye.

One of the great contributions of the German historian Ranke, who was the only one in European history in the 19th century, was to turn history into a science.

His famous quote that the narrative of history should be objective, dispassionate, and colorless is an unattainable realm.

I want to get as close to it as possible, and it is the duty of historians to do so. Only in this way will it be possible to approach the historical truth, and to deal with all sorts of things

"Joke" draws a clear line. Historical TV series

The trend of "jokes" has been around for a long time, and when people criticize, the choreographers and directors make excuses

"We are not making up history textbooks" to pay tribute. Of course, people like to watch interesting plays rather than boring textbook renditions.

But you can't always let everyone see it

"Guan Gong vs. Qin Qiong"Ah! If left unchecked, then in the long run, a kind will be formed in the audience

"Discourse hegemony", the trick is believed to be true. so-called

"When the fake is true, the truth is also false", and at that time, it will be troublesome. Of course, historians should also examine why historical writings are so boring and daunting.

History is inherently turbulent and vivid, and it is entirely possible for historians to write history in a vivid and lively manner.

Sima Qian's "Historical Records" is a good example, and he doesn't need to

"Joke" is still fascinating, very

"Good-looking". The Chinese translations of the recent best-selling works by the American historian Jonathan, such as The Death of Wang, Cao Yin and Kangxi, and The Emperor and Xiucai, are both scholarly and readable, and provide us with good examples.

He used

The way of "storytelling" introduces his research results to readers, integrates historical materials, and expresses them in vivid writing, with a keen eye, a profound and unique perspective, but also very

"Good-looking". It can be seen that the pursuit

"Good-looking" doesn't have to be

"Joking" is not allowed, that is,

"Good looking" does not have to come at the expense of historical truth. The life of a historical work lies in the truth, and without the truth, again

"Good-looking" also makes no sense. This is also the principle that I followed in writing this book. What is written in the book is true and credible, that is, the so-called history of faith, all of which are based on historical documents and have records to be checked.

However, as a popular reading material, there is no need to cite scriptures and indicate the sources one by one. In this way, many dyslexia can be reduced, and the joy of reading can be felt in the vivid plot and smooth text.

If, after a light reading, you can get some enlightenment from the tragedy of a dynasty going to the end, it is the charm of history itself.

I'm just passing on this charm to you. From Zhu Changluo to Zhu Youxiao Zhu Youzhen, the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty, that is, Ming Sizong, because his era name is Chongzhen, so he is also known as Emperor Chongzhen, born in the thirty-eighth year of Wanli (1610), when his grandfather Zhu Yijun (Mingshenzong) was on the throne, he was the fifth son of the crown prince Zhu Changluo.

On July 22, the forty-eighth year of Wanli (1620), Zhu Yijun died, and on the first day of August, Zhu Changluo succeeded to the throne (Mingguangzong).

Zhu Yijun wanted to pass on the throne to Zheng Guifei's son Zhu Changxun because he favored Zheng Guifei, but was repeatedly opposed by the courtiers, so he had to pass on to the crown prince Zhu Changluo.

Zhu Changluo, who grew up in the shadow of the power struggle within the court, has been suppressed and cautious for a long time.

Ascending to the throne was both an opportunity and a challenge for him. His father, Zhu Yijun, was plagued by illness in his later years, and rarely listened to politics in the court, and the central government was almost paralyzed.

He took over the mess left by his father, tried to rectify the disordered government, get out of the predicament, and take care of everything every day.

However, he was weak and sickly from an early age, and as an adult, he became addicted to alcohol, and once he was overloaded, his body could not bear it.

Zheng Guifei, the widow of her father, has political ambitions and hopes that her son Zhu Changxun can replace her, and sends a batch of beauties for him to enjoy.

Every day after the retreat of the night banquet, the palace maid plays music and dances. At bedtime, there are often two beautiful women who take turns on the dragon bed

"Miyuki". The originally thin body, where could he afford such a toss, Zhu Changluo finally fell ill.

Concubine Zheng Guifei instructed Cui Wensheng, a close eunuch who was originally waiting by her side, and the current eunuch of the ceremonial eunuch Bingbi and the eunuch in charge of the imperial pharmacy, to let Zhu Changluo take the Tongli medicine - rhubarb, which aggravated his condition, diarrhea thirty or forty times a day and night, and entered a state of collapse.

Later, under the instruction of Concubine Zheng Guifei, Zhu Changluo was asked to take a red pill called the elixir. On the first day of September, Zhu Changluo died.

This Ming Guangzong, who reigned for only one month, became the shortest-lived emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Concubine Zheng originally hoped to take advantage of Zhu Changluo's death to seek the throne for her son Zhu Changxun again.

However, it still didn't work out. Zhu Changluo passed the throne to his eldest son Zhu Youxiao. On the sixth day of the ninth month, Zhu Youxiao hastily succeeded to the throne, which was Ming Xizong (Emperor of the Apocalypse).

Zhu Youxiao was sixteen years old when he ascended the throne, although his father was the crown prince, but he suffered bad luck, as the eldest grandson of the emperor, of course, he could not accept well

"Yujiao" - systematic training before taking power, his knowledge and ability are greatly inferior to his father, and it seems that he does not learn and has no skills, which does not seem to be an exaggeration.

Meng Sen, an expert on the history of the Ming and Qing dynasties, said that Zhu Youxiao is one

"The most stupid and ignorant child" - the most stupid and the most ignorant child. Zhu Dongrun, an expert in biographical literature, said more thoroughly: Zhu Youxiao is Zhu Changluo's

"Illiterate son",

"I can't read a word, I don't know state affairs." In this way, is Zhu Youxiao an idiot? Not necessarily.

He is a clever and creative man, and his greatest hobby is to be a carpenter and plasterer.

At that time, the wild history, such as Li Xunzhi's "Three Dynasties and Wild Records", described the emperor in his mind like this: in addition to liking horseback and watching plays, his biggest hobby was to build houses, personally operate axes and saws, and process wood.

Some of the utensils he used were made by himself; And he has an impatient temperament, starting in the morning and finishing in the evening.

Liu Ruoyu, a eunuch in the palace at that time, heard and witnessed all this, and said more specifically in his memoir "Zhizhongzhi": Zhu Youxiao made a large-scale toy powered by water, and the conception and shape are exquisite: "Use large wooden barrels, large copper cylinders, etc., to drill holes to create machines, open and close infusions, or gushing like beads, or flowing like waterfalls, or making the machine down, using water power to rush the round wooden balls like walnuts, in the water gushing, the size of the circle circle, with the height of the down, for a long time without falling." is regarded as a joke, and it is all unexpected. ”