The Kuomintang-Communist Civil War, also known as the Kuomintang-Communist War, in a broad sense, refers to a long-term war that took place in China from the late 1920s to the late 1940s, and it is also the largest civil war in modern world history. In a narrow sense, it only refers to the second civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. The Kuomintang and the Communist Party were engaged in the civil war between the Chinese Communist Party and its army (the first civil war was the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, the second was the Chinese People's Liberation Army), the Kuomintang ruling authorities and their army, and the Kuomintang army after the constitution was enacted in 1947. The war was divided into two wars, the Chinese Kuomintang called the "War of Suppression of Bandits" and the "War of Resistance to Communism and Patriotic Rebellion", and the Chinese Communist Party called it the "Agrarian Revolutionary War" (or "Second Domestic Revolutionary War") and the "Chinese People's Liberation War" ("Liberation War" or "Third Domestic Revolutionary War").

In the first civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Kuomintang ** Army achieved a fundamental victory, forcing the Chinese Communist Party's secession regime to move on a large scale, but due to events such as the Xi'an Incident, the Japanese invasion of China and World War II, the fighting between the two sides was suspended for nearly ten years. It was not until the end of World War II that the second civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke out again. The result of this war was a complete victory for the Communist Party of China, and the first Chinese People's Congress held in Peiping on September 21, 1949 announced the establishment of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, and gradually ended the de facto rule and jurisdiction of the Republic of China in Chinese mainland; The Kuomintang**, led by the Chinese Kuomintang, moved to Taiwan, thus forming a long-term partition and confrontation between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait until today.

In a narrow sense, domestic textbooks believe that the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party can be roughly divided into two stages: the period from 1927 to 1937 is the first stage of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and the period from August 1945 to September 1949 is the second stage of the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.

From 1927 to 1937, the Kuomintang mobilized troops to carry out five "encirclement and suppression" of the Communist Party's central revolutionary base areas, and the first four times were defeated, but in the last "encirclement and suppression", the Central Red Army was forced to carry out a 25,000-mile "Long March" from Ruijin, Jiangxi Province to Yan'an, Shaanxi.

In 1935, the North China Incident broke out, and the contradiction between the Chinese nation and the Japanese invaders rose to become the main contradiction in Chinese society. The July 7 Incident of 1937 exacerbated the national contradictions between China and Japan. After the Xi'an Incident, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party decided to stop the civil war through negotiations and jointly resist the foreign invaders. During the period of cooperation between the KMT and the Communist Party, there was still constant friction due to the different interests of the strata represented by the two parties.

At the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in 1945, the contradictions between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party heated up, and the Kuomintang actively seized territory while pretending to negotiate peace, preparing to start a war.

In August 1945, Chiang Kai-shek sent three telegrams before and after the surrender of the Japanese army to invite Mao ** to Chongqing to discuss "important international and domestic issues". In the same month, Mao ** went to Chongqing with Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei to negotiate, and on October 10, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party signed the "Minutes of Talks" (i.e., the "Double Tenth Agreement"). The Kuomintang and the Communist Party agreed to avoid civil war, but failed to reach a consensus on the legitimacy of the communist regime and the army, and soon a full-scale civil war broke out. Mao ** used the strategy of "the countryside encircling the city" with the swarming Xue Dynasty, and obtained the weapons left by the Japanese army in the northeast given by the Soviet Union, and waged an all-out struggle against the Kuomintang rulers.

During the period of the Republic of China, there were years of wars, natural disasters, social evils, and the people at the bottom lived hard. U.S. Ambassador to China Stuart Layden said that before 1949, an average of 30~700,000 people died of hunger in China every year, and the average life expectancy of the population was less than 45 years.

During the Chongqing negotiations, Mao ** and Chiang Kai-shek toasted each other

Premier Zhou held that the class exploitation during the Republic of China, the increased burden on the people's livelihood, the division and chaos between the various warlords attached to the imperialist forces, the corruption and decay of the political system of the Republic of China, and the fact that China is still in a semi-feudal and colonial state are the fundamental reasons for the emergence and existence of the CPC's red regime, and the Chinese people are overwhelmed and support the revolution are also the fundamental reasons why the Chinese red revolutionary forces can develop and grow rapidly under difficult circumstances and will inevitably achieve a final and complete victory.

During the period of the Republic of China, the working class, the peasant class and the urban petty bourgeoisie, the vast majority of the country's population, regained their rights and land through revolution, which became the most direct and fundamental way for the people to seek the right to live. The Communist Party of China, on the other hand, holds that the survival and development of the landlord class and the comprador bourgeoisie, especially the big landlord class and the big comprador bourgeoisie, are subordinate to imperialism. They represented the most backward and reactionary relations of production in China, hindering the development of the productive forces in China, and their political representatives were the right wing of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang. All the warlords, bureaucrats, comprador bourgeoisie, the big landlord class, and a part of the reactionary intelligentsia attached to them in collusion with imperialism were regarded as enemies by the Communist Party of China during the civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. In "The Communist Party of China and the Chinese Revolutionary War", Mao pointed out more clearly that the main enemies of the Chinese Revolutionary War were the big landlord class represented by the right wing of Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang, the big comprador bourgeoisie, and the imperialist and feudal forces. The Chinese peasant masses and the urban petty bourgeois masses were the main force in the revolutionary war, and the leader of the Chinese revolutionary war was the Communist Party of China. The purpose of the Chinese Revolutionary War was to achieve a complete and complete victory in the Chinese Revolutionary War.

Chiang Kai-shek, the leader of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and Mao ** raised a glass in Chongqing after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, but the good times did not last long, and they met in less than a year and a half. When the traditional dynastic change model was carried out in 1840~1911, there were different changes due to the invasion of Western capitalist colonial forces. The imperial system perished directly under the call of bourgeois democracy in the West, but the old feudal forces and ideas were far from dying in China. The Xinhai Revolution led by Sun Yat-sen and others was not complete. A large number of old bureaucrats of the Qing Dynasty led by Yuan Shikai made a speculative revolution and established the Beiyang Army. Although the revolutionaries tried to carry out the bourgeois democratic reform of the Western modern style by peaceful means, they did not succeed. Nevertheless, Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries still adhered to their Western-style democratic ideals: ** democratically elected, nationalized army. The overly idealistic revolutionaries could not use peaceful means such as ballots to convince the warlord leaders who wielded military power. All this made the revolutionaries realize that they could not achieve their goals without military force. Sun Yat-sen formed the Nationalist Army in Guangzhou, created the National Revolutionary Army, and launched the Northern Expedition in 1924 to defeat the Beiyang warlords. Cooperation with the Communist Party and the USSR also began in that period. At the same time, Sun Yat-sen introduced from the Soviet Union the model of party control of the army. In this way, a party-controlled army appeared in China. Sun Yat-sen's original intention for the **** process was that the party temporarily controlled the army ~ controlled the national situation ~ trained the government ~ constitutionalized ~ returned the army to the state ~ finally realized political democracy and nationalized the army. However, what Sun Yat-sen did not expect was that after the party took control of the army, the party split, and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, which had a strong political alliance, attacked each other.

The split between the KMT and the CCP is a split of the revolutionary line, and it is by no means a betrayal of the revolution. Although both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party accused the other of betraying the revolution, the ultimate goal of both sides was conflicting in terms of their political programs. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Kuomintang wanted to build the Three People's Principles in China, while the Communist Party of China wanted to realize communism. The split between the two sides is an inevitable consequence, but both sides largely agree that the political ideals and actions of the two sides have long been in common. The two parties were able to form a close alliance because they had a common enemy (the Beiyang warlords) at the time; In addition, the way the KMT and the CCP cooperated was also one of the reasons for the split between the two sides. Communist Party members cooperated with the Kuomintang by joining the Kuomintang in their personal capacity. This approach is divided within their respective parties. After joining the Kuomintang, the Communist Party actively recruited Communist Party members, which caused unease in the Kuomintang. At the same time, the Communist Party's long-term phased goal was to realize Communist China, so as to form its own control of the army, carry out revolution in the form of mobilizing the masses and conducting public opinion propaganda, and expressed its disagreement with the Kuomintang's establishment of China with the Three People's Principles, which ultimately objectively made the Kuomintang have no worries and gave convenience to exterminate it. After Lenin fell into a coma due to illness in the Soviet Union, Stalin did not talk about Lenin's early abrogation of many unequal treaties, and continued to expand his control and influence over Mongolia, northwest and northeast China, and the foundation of the "United Russia and Tolerance of the Communist Party" was shaken.

The ten-year civil war or the second civil revolutionary war, which the Kuomintang called the suppression of bandits. The Communist Party believed that the purpose of the revolution was to change the economic situation in the countryside by distributing the confiscated landlords' assets to the poor hired peasants in the countryside, thus changing the economic situation of the great disparity between the rich and the poor in the countryside.

During the war, the National Revolutionary Army successively used superior forces to carry out five "encirclement and suppression" of the Communist Party's base areas, and the first four times were defeated, but in the last "encirclement and suppression", the Central Red Army was forced to carry out a 25,000-mile long march (called "liujiao" by the Kuomintang), and strategically transferred from Ruijin, Jiangxi Province to Yan'an, Shaanxi, with heavy losses.

Chiang Kai-shek's bottom line was to let the troops accept their own reorganization and transfer, intending to exclude dissidents and weaken the power of the CCP army。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。 Civil war was inevitable。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。