"His Majesty ...... King"

Someone else saluted Cromwell respectfully and called him "His Majesty." This man was Andrew, who had been a staunch opponent of the Stuart dynasty in the past. Marville was the envoy sent by the Republic of England to Daming who had just returned to London.

"Andrew, you call me that?" Cromwell looked at his henchman with a little surprise, "What am I thinking, don't you know?" ”

"Your Highness, Lord Protector, you want to truly unite England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, so that millions of people all speak one language, share the same faith, and obey the same government and the same king. There were no more English, Irish, Scots, Welsh, only Britons! After that, in the land of Britain, there were no more Episcopals, Presbyterians, and Catholics, only the purest Puritanism.

Don't start a fratricidal civil war because of faith in the future!

This is the ideal of you, the great Lord Protector of England! Am I right? ”

The Story of the English Bourgeois Revolution, by Andrew. Marveille didn't know, he hadn't read the history books of some later countries. Cromwell also knew no bourgeois revolution...... All they knew was that the hapless Charles I had been killed by the endless religious strife in England.

The so-called bourgeois revolution in England was, in fact, a war of religion! It was a religious war triggered by a series of sectarian contradictions and the mishandling of Charles I.

At that time, England, which was inherited by Charles I, was faced with serious denominational and ethnic conflicts, on the one hand, the conflict between the four major denominations of Anglican (Anglican Church), Presbyterian Church (Scottish Anglican), Catholic (Irish Anglican), and Puritanism. On the one hand, the three major ethnic groups of English, Scottish, and Irish are hostile to each other.

Charles I's father, James I, was caught in the middle of the struggle of the four factions and three clans, and a lifetime of mud, tolerated everywhere inside and outside, and was aggrieved to death, and finally maintained stability for more than 20 years, and handed over the country to Charles I, who was not very bright but thought he was clever (Charles I was not originally the heir, but when he was 18 years old, his brother Henry died, so he became the heir).

After Charles I ascended the throne, he used his "aggrieved" father as a negative teaching material, hoping to integrate the Anglican, Presbyterian, Catholic, Puritan and other denominations through his "religious integration" line......

In an attempt to win over Catholics, Charles I initially tried to marry a Spanish princess who was a fervent Catholic, but the other party considered him a heretic and wanted to keep him in Spain for a year of re-education. So Charles had to marry a French princess who was also Catholic but not so fanatical - but the French princess still did not convert to the Anglican Church, so she was unanimously opposed by the Anglicans, Puritans, and Presbyterians, and even the coronation (coronation of the queen) could not be held.

Under the influence of the French princess, Charles I became pro-Catholic in matters of liturgy and the ordination of priests—a necessary measure to unite the various congregations in England and to gain Roman understanding.

In order to appease the Anglicans, Puritans, and Presbyterians, and at the same time establish their prestige at home and avenge their hatred of being humiliated by Spain, Charles I, who ascended the throne, immediately joined the Thirty Years' War and became an enemy of Spain. But the Protestants in England (Anglicans, Presbyterians, Puritans) did not consider this king their own and unanimously resisted, so that England could not obtain enough financial resources to organize an expeditionary force. As a result, for many years after the British entered the war, they were not found on the German battlefield, and they barely went into battle until 1633, but they were quickly defeated.

At the same time, the military campaign against Spain from the sea was not very successful, and all failed after several months......

After the war with Spain ended, Charles I, in order to curry favor with various Protestants in the country, went to support the rebellion of the Juno faction in France...... As a result, it failed because of the lack of support from the Protestant and Catholic lords in the country.

At the same time as successive international defeats, Charles I began to intervene in the conflict between the two Protestant denominations, the Anglican and Presbyterian denominations (which caused discontent among the Presbyterians because of the Catholicization tendency promoted by the king) - he wanted to merge the Anglican and Scottish Anglicans.

To this end, he appointed William, who leaned towards the Catholic model in religious liturgy. Lauder became the Archbishop of Canterbury (Chief Bishop) and with his assistance initiated the unification of the two Churches. As a result, the Scottish Presbyterians were angered, and a "Covenantist" was formed to oppose the king.

Faced with the resistance of the Scottish Presbyterian Covenantists, Charles I chose to go to war and sent troops to pursue his religious line, which led to two episcopal wars, which were again defeated.

After the Second Episcopal War was defeated by the Protestants in England, Charles I had to convene the "Long Council" (the one that killed him) to raise more money to end the struggle against the Scottish Oaths.

But the nobles, squires, and bourgeoisie he summoned were actually allies of the Scottish Oath-Pledges, and they all wanted to oust Charles I, the "heretical king". However, they did not want a republic at first, but only wanted to overthrow Charles I and educate his son (Charles II) for Charles I, lest Charles I teach his heir to be a faint king who secretly believes in Catholicism...... This is known as the "Great Book of Protest Incident". After rejecting the Great Protest, the situation in London immediately spiraled out of control, and Charles I had to leave London and flee to the north of Noringham, where he gathered the royal army and started a civil war.

The result, of course, was another defeat and knocked out all the heads!

The tragedy of Charles I had nothing to do with the bourgeoisie, but was entirely the result of his series of failures in dealing with religious issues.

Cromwell, who replaced Charles I, faced the same problems of sectarian divisions and ethnic conflicts. However, his method of dealing with it was different from that of Charles I and James I, not to seek the integration of various factions, nor to cover up the contradictions between the various factions, but to resolutely promote Puritanism and want to establish a unified Puritan England!

But the problem is that although the Puritans are very capable of fighting, they are a minority in numbers, and they do not have an advantage in England, so they can only rule by military dictatorship.

And at the same time as the military dictatorship, Cromwell did not dare to go too far on the issue of religion - the coronation ceremony was a religious showdown. Whether it will be presided over by a Puritan priest and adopt the Puritan rite, or whether it will be presided over by an Anglican priest and adopt the rite of the Anglican Communion, will be a very serious question!

Cromwell looked at Marville and sighed softly: "Andrew, we all know what is wrong with Britain?" But it's not easy to solve these problems, I need time, but I'm 58 years old this year, I don't have much time! ”

"Your Highness the Lord Protector," Marville fully understood Cromwell's plight, but his trip to the East had given him a lot of knowledge, so he had a solution to the boss's problem, "During my stay in the East, I not only studied the political, economic, and religious issues of China, but also studied Japan, the neighbor of the Ming Dynasty. ”

"Oh, really?" Cromwell didn't understand what Marville was going to say, and just nodded in response.

"In China and Japan, I've found two ways to solve the problems you face. ”

"What's the solution?" Cromwell took a fancy to Marveill.

"The Imperial Ama-system of the Qing Dynasty in northern China and the Daisei system of the Japanese shogunate." "The Qing Dynasty, which once divided northern China, would select a shrewd and capable prince from the imperial family to act as the emperor's adoptive father when their emperor was young, and marry the empress dowager to be called Huang Amma, who would rule in place of the emperor.

The shogun of Japan, on the other hand, voluntarily abdicated to his son when he was old, allowing his son to have the name of the shogun and part of the political power, and he himself became the son of the shogun in the name of the Daisesho. In this way, a smooth transition of power to the next generation can be ensured. ”

Cromwell's eyes lit up, "These Orientals are quite smart when they are engaged in power struggles!" However, the Tatar emperor is not suitable for the present British ...... Philip IV might have thought about it! And we in England need a supreme protector! ”