Practice has proved that conservation tillage has shown good results in water storage and moisture conservation, soil fertility, dust prevention, environmental protection, cost saving and efficiency increase, and increasing farmers' income. Cai Chaoqing, director of the Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station of Qinghai Mutual Aid County, said: "Farmers have personally felt the positive role of conservation tillage in reducing farmers' cultivation intensity, reducing costs, and preventing soil erosion. Conservation tillage has been accepted by the majority of the population from the initial rejection to the small-scale acceptance."

"Our county has introduced experimental demonstration no-tillage sowing since 2003, and when we first started this work, we subsidized 17 kilograms of fertilizer per mu to farmers, and we provided agricultural machinery and tools free of charge to start popularizing. There are some farmers who don't know much about this new farming method, so many people have a wait-and-see attitude, and have some concerns, that is, what if the experimental demonstration causes a reduction in yield? We promise farmers that if they fall below what they have traditionally cultivated, we will compensate them. After a few years of extension, farmers have benefited from conservation tillage projects, saving costs and increasing yields, and farmers have embraced the technology. From the past when we provided pro bono services, now farmers themselves have invested in this advanced conservation tillage agricultural machinery through the state's purchase subsidies. ”

It is understood that conservation tillage has many effects on soil fertility, and can also reduce wind erosion and water erosion to carry away a large amount of fertile topsoil. Through the return of stubble to the field, about 70% of the current crop straw can be directly digested, which can significantly reduce the pollution and resource waste caused by incineration, and form a virtuous circle of "straw returning to the field-increasing the yield of the fertile field-returning to the field-increasing the yield". Dou Quanxing, an engineer at the Agricultural Machinery Technology Extension Station in Qinghai Province, further explained: "Conservation tillage is actually the farming model of the "circular economy" that is now being said, and it can be carefully cultivated in a variety of ways. Rational use of the land's self-conservation capacity increases the fertility required by crops, thereby reducing inputs".

Not only that, conservation tillage covers the surface with crop straw residues, but also adopts mechanical no-tillage sowing to minimize soil tillage, and uses mechanical measures or agrochemical technology to control weeds and pests and diseases, which has the effect of significantly inhibiting dust and sand from cultivated land and reducing soil erosion. Qinghai Province in China, the birthplace of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Lancang River, has a very important ecological status in western China and the whole country. Sun Changbao, director of the Agricultural Machinery Division of the Qinghai Provincial Department of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, particularly emphasized: "Conservation tillage plays a positive role in the protection of the natural ecological environment in Qinghai Province and the enhancement of regional ecological resilience."

"Because according to the observations of scientists in recent years, they agree that more than 70% of the dust from sandstorms comes from bare farmland, and the ecological benefit is to reduce wind and sand."

Sun Changbao also said that conservation tillage can reduce surface runoff by 50-60% and soil loss by about 80%; It can increase soil water storage by 16-19%; Improve water utilization efficiency by 12-16%; Increase soil organic matter by 0.03-0.06%, increase grain yield by 13-16%, reduce operating costs by about 20%, and reduce sandstorms blown by strong winds by about 60%. Sun Changbao told reporters: "At present, conservation tillage in Qinghai Province has gradually entered a state of benign development, and no-tillage sowing area of 200,000 mu has been promoted in 10 counties. ”

On February 24, the reporter saw in the 1,500 acres of conservation tillage demonstration field in Fangxi Village, Fang Town, Heyang County, that the green striped wheat fields were colorful, strong seedlings, and tillers, and there was no drought at all.

The drier the weather, the more prominent the superiority of conservation tillage, which is the basic evaluation of Weibei farmers. In the case of more than 130 days of continuous drought, the seedlings of the conventionally sown wheat fields are weak and yellow, and most of the wheat has been reduced to the third type of seedlings, while most of the 1,000,000 and 10,000 mu of square fields under conservation tillage are still maintained in the first and second types of seedlings, and the contrast is very stark.

Conservation tillage is the exact opposite of traditional tillage. The straw is returned to the field and covered by mechanical means, without ploughing, directly sown, and subsoiled once every 3 years, so as to facilitate soil water storage and reduce transpiration. Agricultural experts believe that this model is the most effective way for the north to overcome drought constraints and develop circular agriculture. Weibei wheat accounts for nearly 1/4 of the province's area. In the annual dry farming areas, 750,000 mu of wheat fields were cultivated under conservation tillage last year, distributed in more than 20 counties, districts, and cities in Weibei. Xu Jinfu, an old farmer in Chengbei Village, Longting Town, Hancheng, told reporters that on this year's rare dry days, the comparative effect of conservation tillage was particularly prominent. The reporter learned from the Provincial Agricultural Machinery Bureau that in the dry farming area of Weibei with one harvest a year, compared with the previous year, the province's new protective tillage area reached 180,000 mu.

The drought resistance of this model is very obvious, and the moisture content of the wheat conservation tillage field just measured in Qianyang Xinxi Village from the surface to the bottom 20 mm is 12.2%, which is 1-2 percentage points higher than that of the traditional field. The tillering and secondary root development of wheat per plant in Chengbei Village, Hancheng were also very obvious, which were 2-4 and 4-5 higher than those of the traditional field.

The principle of wheat conservation tillage coincides with the straw mulching theory of Li Like, a well-known dry farming expert in Shaanxi Province, both of which make full use of the good water storage conditions of the cotton layer of the Loess Plateau to cover the cultivated land with all the straw of the feeding crops to reduce transpiration. In addition, conservation tillage has less tossing on cultivated land, so that the original uneven time and space of the rain can be fully utilized. Straw reduction of cultivated land is also conducive to improving soil organic matter and saving inputs. Judging from the scale practice of the province in the past six years, conservation tillage reduces the number of ploughing and land preparation at least twice a year, and saves more than 20 yuan per mu of farmers' expenses. Zhang Jingxian, director of the Heyang Agricultural Machinery Bureau, said that like this year's drought, compared with traditional fields, the income per mu is at least 80 kilograms, and conservation tillage can save 65 yuan per mu and increase efficiency. (Reporter Li Youmin)

Before dawn I had to ride out on my bike, and I would meet a lot of donkeys coming down to the fields. In the village, every animal has its own head, and people don't spend time raising a donkey in the pen because they are idle. After many mornings, we became as familiar with each other as neighbors, and I could tell by the sound of the bell that it was the animal, and then I could say hello to the owner who was walking behind the animal, and the donkey could recognize people, and at first they would be surprised when they saw me coming by bicycle, and give way to me, and then they got acquainted with me and left me alone, and they knew that the man on the opposite side was a half-sized man, and when they came to me domineeringly, I had to give way to them.

When I came back at noon, as soon as I entered the village, I would see that the donkeys that had met me in the morning were resting in the fields, and their masters had stopped them and himself in the middle of the plough, and that they could settle themselves down in any part of the field, and that in their eyes there was no difference between returning home and being in the field. They raised their heads and glared at me with their big eyes, they didn't know what I had been doing this morning, and thought I was a second-rate son of the village who was wandering around idlely. But I could clearly see how many steps they had ploughed in the morning.

In the village, every animal and object has its own use, except for a few people, a bug will rise as early as a rooster and crawl to the next tender leaf, and a huji will be violently smashed by an iron on a rainy morning.

In the eyes of the animals, the time of plowing is a working day, and they are jealous, only caring about finishing the plough early and returning to the circle to wait for the master to feed them. Some of the young, four-toothed animals were very energetic, and when they ploughed back in the field, they would howl at the she-donkey on the opposite terrier, and hang their black creatures down, stretching back and forth in the air. Young animals, like young Erlenzi men, behave strangely when they see female donkeys from other families on the field and their masters when they see the daughter-in-law of a neighboring village on the field.

If the land is not ploughed, it can be barren for years, and when you have time to walk around it, you will find that it is overgrown with weeds. It doesn't grow nothing because people don't farm. He is more diligent and conscious than man and animal.

But once you plow, you can never finish plowing. One acre is the same as ten acres, and ten acres is the same as a hundred acres. People who own one acre and one hundred acres of land respectively will finish their year's cultivation at a noon earlier than the Mid-Autumn Festival, and then unload the land and go home. He who has more land does not end later than others because he has more land, and he who has more land does not end earlier than others because he has less land. No one will complain about this, and the field will divide those hours of the year fairly among the people and cattle who walk to and fro on them.

In my memory, the plough flashed and dangled from time to time, making it difficult to forget.

Hearing the sound of spring thunder and the thawing of the glacier, the plough woke up early and set off as soon as possible, ready to go to spring ploughing. Remove them from the earthen walls and wooden nails of the cattle and sheepfolds, or carry them from the corners of the pile of miscellaneous rooms. In the courtyard of the farmhouse, the bright sunlight is sprinkled and warm. My father, who was sitting on a small wooden bench under the old fruit tree in the middle of the courtyard, had a plow in his arms, and looked here and there. When he saw the loose place, he held an axe and inlaid a few wooden wedges, knocked and beaten, and picked up compactly. At the end, I took a piece of magnetic plate from a broken bowl and squeaked and scraped the rust on the ploughshare, and with little effort, the ploughshare became brighter and brighter, reflecting the sun's light. If you have a bald ploughshare, you have to go to the market and buy one and replace it. The plow, which has been used for many years, is still usable.

The earliest ploughs in my memory, except for the ploughshares, were all made of wood. Carpenters from nearby villages cut or buy elm or fruit wood, and cut them with saws, planing, pushing, and chiseling to make this bright and delicious plough in less than a day's work. It was pulled to the market by rack car and sold, it was very sought-after, and it didn't take long to finish. After buying a plow, you have to go to the production store to buy a ploughshare, and put it in the prescribed position.

In a cheerful and joyful atmosphere, spring ploughing began. People nest for a winter, and they wish to come to the sunny fields early to enjoy the warmth of the sun. The whole family went out, leading the mules and horses, carrying the ploughs, pulling the seeds with the carts, and taking the tannins, talking and laughing, and walking happily to the fields.

The winter snow has long since disappeared, and the meltwater has turned into earth vapor, and the vapor spreads on the surface. He came to his field along the ridge, set up the plough, and began to sow seeds. Oxen or mules in front of the horse, plough in the back, and then sowing seeds, fine fertilizer, and grass and wood ashes, a long line, the front and back are the same, the speed is the same, cooperate with each other, and cultivate back and forth along the edge of the field.

Now in my hometown, the peasants have little arable land, the land is small, and the family has two or three acres, which cannot be divided by a seeder, and they still use the traditional way to cultivate. He who did not have cattle was ploughed. The sturdy man pulls it by one, and the woman or the weaker man pulls by two. Most of them are willing to pay some money and rent other people's livestock to sow seeds. There was less land and less livestock, and people in the villages began to work and plough the land. They usually fattened their mules and horses, prepared ploughshares, and waited for people from nearby villages to rent them.

The most important thing to sow is the ploughman. There are strict requirements for the depth of the furrow, the distance between the furrow and the furrow, and the speed of the furrow. When the plough is deep, the seed does not come out, and the soil rots deep in the soil; If the plough is shallow, the seeds will either be sunburned to death, or cut out and eaten by birds such as crows. The furrow is wide, the wheat seedlings are sparse, the wheat stalks are few, and there is not much grain; The furrow is narrow, the wheat seedlings are dense, and in the rainy years, when the wind blows, it will lodging, and the grain will not be full, and the farmer will fail the harvest.

When sowing seeds, once the plough is plunged into the fertile soil, the person who supports the plough or those who follow behind him sees only the wet soil and furrows turned over on both sides of the ploughshare, but there is no shadow of the ploughshare. The ploughshare groped its way through the dark depths of the earth. How dangerous this is! Man has his eyes open, and when he sees a big stone that is in his way, he goes around it. When he saw the mighty river in front of him, he turned to the bridge and walked over. But the ploughshare can't do this, it doesn't have eyes, it can't speak, and when it gets into trouble, it carries it alone. Everyone knows that in the depths of the earth, there are ceramic tiles, tree roots, and large stones, and if you are not careful, you will break the ploughshare. This kind of thing is called "ploughshare" in my hometown, and it is very taboo. When this happened, I had to stop, buy a new ploughshare, and replace it with one before I could start sowing again.

Most of the incidents of "ploughshares" occur when ploughing land. When planting in spring, the plough is shallow into the soil, just three or five inches, all of which are fertile soil, and generally will not damage the ploughshare. The land after the autumn rain is trampled on, and it is hard and solid into plates. Deep in the soil are roots of crops and weeds of varying thicknesses, which can be broken in half if you are not careful.

There are several acres of water land on the side of Kangguang Highway in front of my house, the soil is fertile, the terrain is flat, and there is a lot of grain every year. In the middle of summer, during the rainy season, the flood water rushes into the ground, bringing a lot of silt, and the terrain slowly increases. When ploughing in the fall, my father was most worried. One is suspicious that there are stones in the mud, and the other is suspicious that the thick roots of the tree stretch out of the ground, and often inadvertently damage the ploughshare. So the father left one or two paces wide on one side of the tree, and after plowing it, he turned it over with a shovel. Although it was a bit of a struggle and took a lot of time, the stones, tiles, weeds and roots were cleaned up, the soil was turned loose, and the crushing of the ploughshare was avoided.

Later, machine-made plows appeared. This kind of plow, the wooden part is made of a lathe, coated with a layer of green paint, beautiful and elegant. The ploughshare is wider and brighter than the original, and it rotates from side to side, which saves much effort to plow.

When I was thirteen or fourteen years old, I was in junior high school. One autumn afternoon, when my father was away, my mother asked me to plough the field where the wheat had just been cut in Yangshan Mountain. I tied the plough with twine, carried it on my back, and took the whip in my hand, and drove the mule up the hill. And when he came into the field, he set up the plough and began to plow along the lower side of the ground. The first time I ploughed the ground, I was panicked, nervous and curious. I know that it takes skill to plow the land, and when the plough is deep, the tip of the ploughshare is drilled into the ground, and the mule cannot be pulled, and it is whipped and shouted so hard that it will either break the noose or damage the ploughshare. If the plough is shallow, it cannot turn over the grass roots in the ground, it cannot loosen the ground, and it cannot play the role of plowing. I grabbed the handle of the plough and thrust it into the ground. At first, it was either swaying left and right, or it was deep and shallow. The mule, seeing that I was a novice, deliberately angered me, sometimes slammed away, sometimes stopped, and I raised my whip and whipped it twice, but it became angry, and pulled me frantically with the plow. At this time, I was sweating and couldn't catch my breath, so I had to fall down with the plough on the stubble and gasp for breath. After that, it was repeated for a long time before I could barely plow the ground.

The plough is as essential in the farmhouse as the glove, the shovel, the basket, the shovel, the broom, and the rack cart. Of these tools, the plough appears to have a larger role and cuts closer to the soil. The plough ploughed and sowed again and again, and sowed and ploughed again and again, so that the food was dedicated, the ancestors were fed, and the fireworks in the world were continued to flourish.

Conservation tillage agriculture in Canada

Date:2010-07-28Source:Contemporary Agricultural Machinery 2008.2 Zhang Jin

Canada is a vast country, with a land area of nearly 10 million km2 and a population of more than 32 million. It has 6782 hm2 of cultivated land, accounting for 7.4% of the land area, and 141.4 hm2 of cultivated land per capita of agricultural labor. The main crops are barley, wheat, oats, rapeseed, etc. Agriculture is an extremely important part of the Canadian economy. 4.2% of Canada's jobs come from agriculture, and 8% of GDP is created by the Southern Ministry of Agriculture. Canada is vast and sparsely populated, and the families engaged in agriculture account for only 3%~4% of the country's households, which makes the country's agricultural mechanization degree very high, and the per capita annual grain output of agricultural labor force is more than 80 tons. Canada exports 50% of its agricultural products, of which 80% of wheat is exported, making it the world's second largest wheat exporter after the United States.

In the 30s of the 20th century, due to the excessive reclamation of arable land and the predatory use of grasslands, Canada had a harsh climate, serious desertification of grasslands, and frequent sandstorms. Since the 50s of the 20th century, Canada has begun the experimental research work of conservation tillage, and after nearly 30 years of demonstration and promotion, the country's conservation tillage agricultural area accounts for more than 70% of the total cultivated area. Canada has made many successful achievements in conservation tillage agriculture, and there are many practices that we can learn from. However, due to the different national conditions, while learning the advanced technology of conservation tillage in Canada, it must be combined with the actual situation of our country, and must not be blindly copied. Through the comparison of the current situation of conservation tillage in Canada and China, we put forward our views and suggestions.

1. The scale of land operation varies greatly

The basic unit of agricultural production in Canada is the farm, and the total number of farms in the country is about 254,000, and the average size of farms is more than 300 hm2, and the scale of farms has gradually expanded in recent years. In terms of conservation tillage machinery system, due to the large scale of farm land operation, the machinery is mainly large, and the power machinery is mostly 220.59~367.65kW tractors, and each farm is generally equipped with 1 large harvester, 1 no-tillage seeder and 1 sprayer. The working width of the no-tillage seeder is 15~18m, the operating efficiency reaches 25hm2/h, the price of each no-tillage seeder is about 250,000 US dollars, and the investment of farmland operation machinery in one farm is about 1 million US dollars.

China's per capita cultivated land is only 0.09hm2, agriculture implements the joint production contract responsibility system, land ownership belongs to the state, farmers only have the right to use, and everyone has arable land, the land management scale of each household is small, most farmers do not have machinery and equipment, farmland operations are mainly based on agricultural machinery households paid for farming, which causes farmers to pursue the maximization of yield, agricultural machinery households pursue the benefits of operation services, and both sides completely ignore the long-term benefits and sustainable development of the land. Canadian farmers, on the other hand, own their land, are looking for scale and maximization. As a result, Canadian farmers are very receptive to and implement advanced agricultural techniques, driven by the reduction of agricultural production costs and the promotion of sustainable development and maximum profit of their own land.

It can be seen from this that in order to develop conservation tillage agriculture on a large scale in China, it is necessary to gradually expand the scale of rural land management in light of the national conditions and adopt various methods. Only in this way can we further speed up the pace of modern agriculture.

2. Conservation tillage implement systems are completely different

Canadian farms operate on a large scale, and conservation tillage is dominated by towed duplex work systems equipped with modern high-tech integrations such as GPS systems and fault monitoring systems. The machine is easy to operate, stable in quality, low in failure rate and high in efficiency. Especially for the no-tillage seeder, the furrow opener adopts the design of multi-row and multi-row staggered arrangement, which not only avoids straw blockage, but also solves the problem of cross-covering soil of the ditcher; It not only improves the passability of the seeder, but also ensures the quality of seeding. China's rural land is mainly operated on a small scale by one household, and it is difficult to popularize and apply large-scale and high-priced machinery due to the constraints of land scale and farmers' economic ability. Therefore, at present, the conservation tillage machinery system is mainly based on suspended small and medium-sized machinery. Due to the constraints of many factors, there are few modern high-tech integrated applications of machinery, and there are problems such as poor passability, high failure rate, unstable performance and short life. In terms of the design of key components of the machine, Canada has many places worthy of our reference, such as the no-tillage seeder trencher shovel tip is inlaid with alloy wear-resistant materials, the seeder operation life is as long as about 2,700 hm2, and only the wear-resistant part needs to be replaced in the middle, which can greatly reduce the operation cost and improve the operation efficiency. China's no-tillage trencher trencher handle and shovel tip are mostly manufactured by casting or forging process plus welding technology, and the shovel tip sowing operation is about 66.67hm2 and needs to be replaced as a whole, which greatly improves the operating cost of the machine. In addition, the domestic wheat seeder is mainly based on the lateral fertilization method of seed fertilizer and furrow, which has the problems of narrow seedling width and seed burning and seedling burning. However, most of the Canadian wheat no-tillage seeders adopt the sowing method of fertilizing in the middle of two rows of seeds, which not only realizes wide seedling sowing, but also improves the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer. Therefore, China should actively research and develop protective tillage operation tools with advanced technology and stable quality, further improve the operation efficiency of the machinery, and provide technical support for the large-scale development of conservation tillage agriculture.

3. There are differences in the models of conservation tillage techniques

Canada's crop yield is low, the yield of wheat is generally below 3000kg/hm2, and most farms want to use the surface straw for livestock or papermaking after baling, so that the amount of straw on the surface is further reduced, coupled with the lack of machine operation processes, the degree of soil compaction is light, so the soil is generally not tillage, and conservation tillage agriculture is mainly tillage-free. The amount of fertilizer applied to crops in China is large, the yield is high, and the amount of straw cover after harvest is large, and the conservation tillage is mainly based on the technology mode of less tillage, which aims to reduce the amount of surface straw cover through topsoil tillage and further improve the passage and sowing quality of no-tillage seeding machinery. In order to further reduce the number of tillage and reduce the cost of operation, we can learn from the experience of Canada in the annual wheat area, the height of the stubble during wheat harvest is controlled at about 20cm, and in the area where the surface wheat straw is not harvested, the surface wheat straw must be manually scattered evenly, and the topsoil tillage is minimized, and the sowing is directly no-tillage in autumn. At present, the domestic mechanical subsoiling as a major technology of conservation tillage, especially the traditional farming concept of the majority of farmers has not been completely changed, that the soil will not be ploughed will reduce the yield, so the subsoiling operation must be carried out; In addition, most conservation tillage extension workers also believe that subsoiling can loosen the soil and increase the soil's ability to store water, which is conducive to increasing crop yields. However, conservation tillage technicians and farmers in Canada rarely mention subsoiling techniques, and old-fashioned subsoilers can only be seen in individual agricultural research centers. During their studies in Canada, they visited a conservation tillage pilot area established in 1965, where subsoiling and any other tillage had not been carried out for more than 40 years, but wheat yields had increased by 25 percent, with the most significant yield increase and cost savings. Experimental studies at home and abroad show that for the farmland that has not been mulched with straw, the subsoiling operation can loosen the soil and facilitate the infiltration of natural rainfall, and has a certain effect of increasing yield, but for the perennial straw mulching land, the soil structure has been greatly improved, the effect of subsoiling is minimal, and the subsoiling operation not only increases the input of machinery and tools, but also consumes a lot of energy, so that the cost of agricultural production increases significantly. Therefore, in the demonstration and promotion of conservation tillage technology, it is necessary to continuously explore and optimize the conservation tillage technology model in combination with the actual conditions of various places. At the same time, it is necessary to vigorously publicize to the peasants the superiority of reducing tillage and constantly increase their awareness of less tillage, so as to further reduce the input of conservation tillage operations and machinery, so that peasants can obtain greater benefits from the land.

4. Strengthen the awareness of crop rotation and increase the amount of organic fertilizer

During their training in Canada, conservation tillage researchers talked about crop rotation techniques the most, and most farmers also attached great importance to crop rotation, which has gradually become the main farming method in agriculture. The use of crop rotation can achieve the effect of increasing production in the long term without increasing the input of machinery and equipment and fertilizers; It can also reduce pests and diseases and effectively control weeds; It can improve the content of soil organic matter and play a role in fertilizing soil fertility; It can further reduce production costs; It can make better use of land resources. In the past, Canadian farmers practiced a system of recreational farming, that is, the land should be fallowed for one year after every 3-5 years of cultivation, so that the land fertility has been restored. Because the farm only cultivates wheat for a long time, the farmer must complete the sowing operation in a short time during the sowing season, which requires more machinery and a lot of manpower, which virtually increases the production cost of agriculture. At present, the rotation system in Canada has replaced the traditional fallow farming system, each farm has developed its own rotation program, the main method is to divide the farm land into several large blocks like building blocks, respectively, on different plots of wheat, alfalfa, oilseeds and beans and other crops such as rotation, due to the different sowing and harvesting seasons of various crops, through the rotation on different plots, the sowing time can be extended by about 2 months, the farm only uses 1 seeder and very little manpower, it is possible to complete the sowing operation, As a result, a lot of production inputs are saved for the farm. So, every Canadian farmer is very excited and proud when they talk about their crop rotation program, because the rotation allows them to get a bigger and longer-term benefit from the land.

Some agricultural research centers and farmers in Canada attach importance to the application of organic fertilizer, and in order to achieve the purpose of long-term sustainable and efficient use of land, the application of organic fertilizer has a tendency to increase. At present, the application of organic fertilizer in China's farmland is becoming less and less, and farmers mainly rely on chemical fertilizers to increase grain production. Due to the long-term use of a large number of chemical fertilizers, resulting in the continuous reduction of soil quality and grain quality, to a certain extent, affecting and restricting the development of sustainable agriculture, therefore, while vigorously promoting conservation tillage agriculture, it is necessary to educate and encourage farmers to apply more organic fertilizer, so that the soil quality can be further improved and enhanced while increasing grain production.

5. Intensify scientific research and accelerate the pace of development of conservation tillage agriculture

Canada attaches great importance to experimental research and demonstration and extension of conservation tillage techniques, and there are specialized institutions and researchers engaged in research and extension work in various technical fields; Some researchers have also set up the "Less Tillage Chain" research and extension organization on their own initiative, and are engaged in the promotion and extension of conservation tillage on a perennial basis without remuneration, often providing farms with the latest conservation tillage research results free of charge, and helping and guiding farms to implement them. Research institutes at all levels have established long-term research bases to study conservation tillage agriculture as a large system, and the research work has been carried out in a serious, meticulous, scientific and rational manner, summing up and accumulating a large amount of data and successful experience. Researchers are engaged in scientific research and participate in conservation tillage extension work, and have accumulated rich practical experience, and they have a wide range of cooperative relationships with farms, helping each farm to establish its own development of conservation tillage technology models and machine systems, which is very worthy of our learning and reference.

It can be seen from this that while vigorously promoting conservation tillage agriculture in China, scientific research and extension institutions at all levels should further strengthen the experimental research work of conservation tillage technology models in different regions, different tillage systems, and different crops, especially in the no-tillage sowing rotation system, weed control, and pest control, and constantly explore and develop conservation tillage technology models. At the same time, it is necessary to organize scientific research personnel to develop multi-purpose no-tillage seeding machines that adapt to different crops, different soil types and different straw mulching forms, minimize the use of auxiliary protective tillage supporting machinery (subsoiler, rotary tillage, straw returning machine, etc.), constantly innovate and optimize the conservation tillage machinery system, and use scientific methods, successful technology and advanced machinery to help and guide the majority of farmers to implement conservation tillage, continuously expand the application area of conservation tillage, and further promote China's agriculture sustained, rapid and Healthy development.