After 43 days of arduous negotiations, on October 10, 1945, the representatives of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party signed the "Minutes of Talks with the Representatives of the Communist Party of China", that is, the "Double Tenth Agreement", which was publicly announced. The Kuomintang accepted the basic policy of peaceful nation-building put forward by the Chinese Communist Party. The two sides agreed that "we must work together on the basis of peace, democracy, unity, and reunification" and "cooperate for a long time, resolutely avoid civil war, and build an independent, free, prosperous, and strong new China." The two sides also decided to convene a meeting attended by representatives of various political parties and personages without party affiliation to discuss the plan of peaceful nation-building. These are the two most important outcomes of the Chongqing talks. In addition, the negotiations also reached a speedy end to the KMT's "discipline and administration" and political democratization; Party equality and legitimacy; agreements such as the release of political prisoners. After a turmoil, on October 11, 1945, Chiang Kai-shek had breakfast with Mao **, and then Mao ** took a car to Jiulongpo Airport in Chongqing, accompanied by Zhang Zhizhong, and set off to return to Yan'an. Shao Lizi, Chen Cheng, Zhang Lan, and other people from all walks of life in Chongqing, as well as people from the Chongqing Office of the 18th Group Army, came to the airport to see them off. After 43 days of sharp and complicated negotiations, the KMT and the CPC signed the Double Tenth Agreement. At night, Chiang Kai-shek tossed and turned and couldn't sleep, and wrote in his diary the words "I sigh that I can't be with the same group".

On October 12, 1945, Mao ** drafted the instructions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to the Central Bureaus and conveyed them to the regional party committees, pointing out: "Although the basic policy of peace has been laid, for the time being, many local large-scale military conflicts are still unavoidable, in addition to the recalcitrant troops in Guangdong, Henan, Zhejiang, and southern Jiangsu are attacking us, the recalcitrant troops along the Pinghan, Jinpu, Tongpu, Zhengtai and other roads are attacking us in a big way, and the battle for the three roads of Beining, Jiaoji and Pingsui is also coming. "The issue of the liberated areas has not been resolved in this negotiation, and it will have to go through a serious struggle before it can be resolved. If this extremely important issue is not resolved, there will be no situation in which all peaceful nation-building will occur." "It is an unswerving principle that every shot fired by the army in the liberated areas must be maintained." "In the coming reorganization, we will also have a way to achieve the goal of preserving every shot and ammunition. In the past, the central authorities instructed all localities to expand the plan for the reorganization of the main forces of the armed forces, and to continue to implement it unchanged." "The Northeast issue was not raised in this negotiation, and all the established plans of our Party will be carried out as it is." For more than two months, Mao sent telegrams to local military commissions, emphasizing the importance of the Chongqing negotiations and the instructions to eliminate the remnants of the Kuomintang.

On December 15, 1945, Mao ** attended the meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The meeting discussed and adopted the intra-party directive drafted by Mao ** for the CPC Central Committee, which pointed out: "Making every effort to smash the Kuomintang's offensive is still the central task of the liberated areas," and demanded that the liberated areas step up the work of training troops, reducing rents, and production, so as to consolidate the liberated areas and enhance the combat effectiveness of our army. The directive stresses that "regardless of the development of the current situation, our Party must make long-term plans in order to be invincible. On the 28th, the CPC Central Committee drafted a directive to the Northeast Bureau, pointing out: Our Party's current task in the Northeast is to establish a consolidated military and political base in East Manchuria, North Manchuria, and West Manchuria. "It is now necessary to establish the areas where such base areas are established not in the major cities and communication arteries that the Kuomintang has occupied or will occupy, which is not possible under the present conditions. Nor is it in the vicinity of the large cities and communication arteries occupied by the Kuomintang, because since the Kuomintang has acquired the large cities and the main communication routes, it will not allow us to establish a consolidated base in the areas close to it. In such areas, our party should do full work to establish the first line of defense militarily, and we must not give it up lightly. However, such an area would be a bipartisan guerrilla zone, not a consolidated base for us. Therefore, the areas where the base areas were established and consolidated were the cities and vast villages that were far away from the centers occupied by the Kuomintang." The directive called for "dispersing a considerable part of the regular army in the various military districts to mobilize the masses, exterminate the bandits, establish political power, and organize guerrillas, militias, and self-defense forces in order to stabilize the localities, cooperate with the field army, and crush the Kuomintang offensive."

On January 10, 1946, Mao issued an armistice order, stating: "The representatives of the Party and the representatives of the people have formed an agreement on the measures, orders and declarations for the cessation of the internal military conflict, which is promulgated on this day. All units under the Communist Party of China, including the regular army, militia, irregular armies, and guerrillas, as well as all levels of the liberated areas, and the committees of the Communist Party at all levels, must be conscientiously and strictly observed, and there must be no mistakes. The efforts made by the entire Chinese people to establish a peaceful situation after defeating the Japanese aggressors have now yielded important results. A new phase of democracy is about to begin. "

On February 1, 1946, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the "Instructions on the Present Situation and Tasks", which was revised and approved by Mao **, pointing out: "The main form of struggle of the Chinese revolution has now changed from armed struggle to parliamentary struggle of the unarmed masses, and domestic problems are resolved by political means. At the same time, he pointed out: "With the exception of a few localities, the Kuomintang may still carry out armed attacks on us, and we should be strictly vigilant, because the armed struggle has generally stopped, and in order to ensure domestic peace, all localities should take advantage of the present opportunity to conduct large-scale military training for three months." Everything is ready, not afraid of peace in case it is destroyed by the enemy". "It is necessary to get a good grasp of the leadership of the production movement in order to quickly overcome the financial and economic difficulties. Military training, rent reduction, and production are the three central tasks in the liberated areas at present."

On February 12, 1946, he presided over a meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, which discussed the issue of negotiating with the Kuomintang on the army reorganization plan. Mao ** said at the meeting: The United States and Chiang Kai-shek want to unify the whole army to eliminate us, and we want to unify without being eliminated. The separation of the military and the party is not the most dangerous, but the combination and separation of the military and the party is the most dangerous. The miscellaneous armies have not yet been combined with Chiang Kai-shek's descendants, and even the miscellaneous group armies have not been combined with Chiang Kai-shek's descendants. We can only get out of danger if we deal with it well. In principle, we have no choice but to agree with the unification of the armed forces of the whole country, and the steps to implement it depend on the specific situation, which is different from France. From then until May 1946, Mao ** issued secret telegrams to various places in the name of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China.

On June 1, 1946, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China drafted a letter to Zheng Weisan, Li Xiannian, and Wang Zhendian: "(1) The United States and Chiang were extremely bad to me, and a full-scale civil war was inevitable. I am afraid that there is little hope for asking the US plane to send money to you, and you must seek a way to save yourself. For example, on the one hand, save expenses and set aside expenses when preparing for a breakthrough; On the other hand, when the wheat was ripe, a grain tax was levied on the people. (2) It is necessary to prepare for the enemy's attack and breakthrough operations, and to draw up two plans for concentrated operations and dispersed operations after the breakthrough. It is probably advantageous to concentrate the whole army in the period after the breakthrough and the breakthrough period; However, when the enemy's "pursuit" is urgent and it is extremely difficult to provide supplies for the march, they should be divided into two or three units and act independently, so as to avoid the difficulty of concentrated action and help to contain the enemy separately and make strategic countermeasures to each other. 3. The present time is urgent, and you should pay full attention to it, unite within, and prepare for a hard struggle.

After Japan's surrender, people from all walks of life across the country strongly opposed the civil war and the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang, and called for the establishment of a coalition through democratic consultation. In order to deceive public opinion, Chiang Kai-shek sent three "Wan Yi" telegrams to the CCP on August 14, 20 and 23, 1945, inviting Mao ** to accompany the capital Chongqing in person to discuss the state of the country.

On the 28th, Mao **, Zhou Enlai, and Wang Ruofei left Yan'an and flew to Chongqing. On the 29th, Mao, Zhou, and Wang began negotiations with Kuomintang representatives Zhang Qun, Wang Shijie, Zhang Zhizhong, and Shao Lizi. The Kuomintang was unprepared for the negotiations and exposed its conspiracy to sham peace talks and prepare for war. For the first four days, the two sides held general talks on political and military affairs.

On 3 September, the Chinese Communists handed over 11 items of the proposed two-party negotiation plan to the Kuomintang delegates to Chiang Kai-shek. The negotiation plan was put forward on the basis of the realization of peace, democracy, and unity, on the basis of the existing political and military conditions of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and on the condition that the Chinese Communists made major concessions (including a large-scale reduction of the armed forces and the withdrawal of the liberated areas in the south).

On the 8th, Zhang Qun replied on behalf of the Kuomintang, insisting on the unity of government and military orders, and stressing that the Communist Party should "give up territory" and "hand over the army." From the 10th to the 21st, representatives of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party held six negotiations. On the 17th, Mao ** negotiated with Chiang Kai-shek and Hurley (US ambassador to China), but there was still no progress. In order to avoid the breakdown of the peace talks, the Chinese Communists showed great restraint and concessions, and on the military issue, they expressed their willingness to reduce the size of the army under their leadership to 24 or at least 20 divisions based on the principle of fair and rational reorganization of the national army. The Kuomintang said that its army reorganization plan is underway, and the number of CCP troops can be considered. On the issue of political power, with regard to the liberated areas and the National Assembly, the two sides stated their respective positions and agreed to submit them to the People's Republic of China for resolution.

The holding of the Chongqing talks and the signing of the Double Tenth Agreement showed that the Kuomintang recognized the status of the CPC and the meetings of various parties, so that the CPC's political stand on the peaceful construction of New China was understood by the people of the whole country, thus promoting the development of the national peace and democracy movement. As a major political event in post-war China, the Chongqing negotiations pushed the cooperation between the KMT and the CPC to a new height, determined the political trend and political pattern of post-war China in a certain sense, and also left valuable historical experience for the development of the KMT-CPC relations.

Although the political drama of the Chongqing negotiations and its doomed historical outcome are of little positive significance, the three principles that they openly put forward and discussed, namely, political democratization, nationalization of the armed forces, and legalization of party equality, are a true summary of China's political lessons from 1911 to 1945. It should be admitted that since Sun Yat-sen's "Three People's Principles" and "Five-Power Constitution", and since the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the "three modernizations" openly proposed and agreed by the two parties in the Chongqing negotiations are a painful reflection on China's decades of profound disasters, a natural demand of Chinese society for the two parties and two armies, a necessary prerequisite for China to truly move towards peace, democracy, constitutionalism and modernization, and the only way for China to end the war and shed bloodshed and avoid the restoration of authoritarian dictatorship and totalitarianism. The historical basis for the unification of the country and its entry among the nations of the world with the demeanor and quality of a great modern country.