We are familiar with the history of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, when the February Revolution of 1917 overthrew the Romanov dynasty and ended the rule of feudal autocracy, after which the Bolsheviks launched the October Revolution and established the Soviet Red regime.

But most of us don't know what happened to the last Tsar, Nicholas II, who was overthrown, and his family.

Some time ago, He in Amsterdam

The Mitage Museum hosts the "Tsar's Dinner" exhibition, which showcases and tells the story of the banquets, costumes, fashion, etiquette and tableware culture of the Romanov dynasty from Catherine II to Nicholas II. Between the beautiful dresses and fine porcelain, I can see the history of the dynasty from its heyday to its demise, and I didn't know that the family's prosperity had fallen, and the hulala mansion had fallen so bloody and tragic.

Nicholas II was the eldest son of Tsar Alexander III and Princess Maria Feodorovna of Denmark, and his Empress Alexandra was the granddaughter of Queen Victoria of England, with whom she had four daughters and one boy, Princess Olga, Tatyana, Maria, Anastasia and Prince Alexei.

Alexei was the only son of the Tsar after giving birth to four daughters, and was extremely favored. But he has congenital hemophilia, his body is weak, and he lives in seclusion in the deep palace. Since Nicholas II had a son, he reduced a lot of social interactions and concentrated on accompanying his son, and the queen threw herself all her heart on her son. In fact, Alexei's sick public did not know, only members of the royal family, close relatives and high-ranking cronies and nobles knew.

The Tsars and their close relatives were British and Danish royalty. Nicholas II's own aunt, the eldest princess of Denmark, married Edward VII, the eldest son of the Empress of England. And Princess Alice, the second daughter of the British Empress, is the mother of the Tsar Empress. So, Edward VII was both the uncle of Nicholas II and the uncle of Empress Nicholas II.

The Tsar Empress, because of the early death of her mother, often lived in the Buckingham Palace of her maternal grandmother, Queen Victoria, when she was young, and had a deep relationship with her grandmother and uncle Edward VII. Because Nicholas II and Edward VII's crown prince George V both looked exactly like their mothers, the two cousins were once hailed as the most similar royal cousins and had a good relationship. Nicholas II was appointed by his cousin George V as the godfather of his eldest son, Edward VIII, and he was also Edward VIII's cousin and uncle by blood.

After the February Revolution, Nicholas II, the last Tsar who had ruled Russia for 23 years, abdicated, and at the age of nearly 50, he left the palace with his wife and children and was placed under house arrest. At that time, Kerensky was temporarily treated them well, and the Tsar's family was extremely comfortably housed in the **official residence in Tobolsk, accompanied by many servants, except that they did not have the right to rule, and their daily life was no different from that of the court.

Kerensky** was overthrown by the Soviet Red Army led by Lenin after the October Revolution. The Bolshevik regime no longer treated Nicholas II well, and they arrested and imprisoned the Tsar's family until they were executed.

In the winter of late 1934, the Tsar's family tasted the Russian cold for the first time, and the imperial epaulettes, a symbol of honor and power, were no longer allowed to be worn by the Tsar.

In 1935, the living conditions of the Tsar's family continued to deteriorate, and they were imprisoned at the Ipachev dacha in Yekaterinburg. The Bolsheviks cut out a dozen loyal servants who served the Tsar, and the Tsar's family's desire to eat butter and drink coffee once a day was rejected as "too corrupt and extravagant".

The four princesses of the tsar were on their way to captivity

Even so, Nicholas II still naively believed that even if he had nothing, as long as he and his family survived this hurdle, he and his family could survive, and he even felt that the civil war of the Russian red and white forces would create some kind of opportunity for the European royal relatives who came to rescue him.

Nicholas II underestimated the thoroughness of Lenin's revolution.

Many times, the cruelest thing is not what happens, but how it happens.

Lenin initially intended to try the Tsar in accordance with the usual and normal procedures, but the harsh circumstances of the civil war made him change his mind.

The Russian White Army has been looking for the whereabouts of the Tsar, and the Tsar's family is the best bargaining chip for the Russian White Army to restore imperial power, and can quickly rally the support of many European countries and royalist forces to confront the Red Army. As long as the tsarist family survives and is supported by other European royal families to form an exile**, it will be a great obstacle to the legitimacy of the red regime.

In mid-July 1935, Yurowski and the secret police guarding the Tsar received orders to execute the Tsar's entire family.

The leader of the firing squad for the execution of the Tsar, Yakov. Yurowsky

At that time, there were 7 Tsars' spouses and children, as well as 4 servants who were loyal to them, namely the Tsar's imperial physician, cook, valet and manservant.

At two o'clock in the morning on July 17, 1935, Yurowsky asked the imperial doctor to wake up the sleeping Tsar's family and assemble in the basement, claiming to be temporarily transferred.

The 30-square-meter (6 x 5 m) basement was empty and extremely rudimentary, and Nicholas II entered with his son in his arms and his family, followed by 4 servants.

The queen asked if she could give them chairs to sit on, and Yurowski ordered three chairs to be moved. So, the tsar and his wife sat down, the crown prince sat between his parents, and the four princesses and their attendants stood in the back.

Yurowsky led an eight-man firing squad into the basement and closed the door. He briefly announced the death warrant: "In view of the constant interference of your royal relatives in the attack on the Soviet revolution, it is decided to execute you!" ”

Nicholas II was stunned and muttered to his family: "What? What the? ”

Yurowsky quickly repeated the execution order and immediately ordered the firing squad to raise their guns and shoot. He personally shot the Tsar at point-blank range with his pistol, and the Tsar lay in a pool of blood, and after several additional shots in the chest, he shot the Crown Prince twice in the head until he was killed.

At the same time, other members of the firing squad fired indiscriminately at the Tsar's royal men and servants. The queen once wanted to fold her hands and pray for the end, but she failed to do so and was shot and died.

At this time, after Li Ming's Northeast Volunteer Army First Army received the order, more than 4,000 people from a reinforced regiment launched a fierce attack on the border troops of the Tsarist regime under the cover of tanks, and at night the Soviet Red Army directly blew up the position by the artillery in a dream, and the soldiers of the wolf's tooth special combat team quickly went to the place where the nuns were held and waited, and the machine guns directly killed the guards at the door as soon as the cannon sounded, and more than 30 sentries did not react to the wolf's tooth special combat team, and the special combat team went to the basement of the house and found that the nuns pulled servants, cooks, The imperial doctors are all dead, there is blood on the ground, the four princesses and the nuns pull the mother 5 people evacuated here under the cover of the special combat team, after hearing the gunfire in the distance, the Soviet Red Army pursued here in large numbers, the special combat team sent out a tongue of fire in the night, and there were constantly Soviet fighters falling, these soldiers were the opponents of the special combat team, the hour was almost two jeeps came to pick up the five people, the speed of the vehicle accelerated, and the pursuing soldiers fell down and soon the car left where the car left, with the help of the volunteers, the special combat team came back smoothly, The Volunteers stationed in Siberia opened fire on the Soviet Red Army, but the artillery did not send troops, and the next day the Soviet Soldiers' barracks were blown up by the Volunteers.