As far as the content of the reform is concerned, the biggest difference between the Shang Yang reform and the Shen Bu harm reform is as follows: First, the Shang Yang exercises strict control over the grassroots level of society. Shang Ying promulgated the law, formulated the law of joint sitting, and adopted the principle of heavy punishment for misdemeanors in the application. Shang Ying believed that the implementation of heavy penalties for minor crimes would make the people dare not break the law, thus strengthening the state's control over the people of the lower classes. Second, it is necessary to arouse the enthusiasm of the people in the lower strata of society. While strictly supervising the people of the lower strata of society, it also set up a policy of military merit and rewarding cultivation and weaving. The establishment of the military merit system, according to the number of soldiers killed on the battlefield to give a certain amount of economic compensation and political power, this greatly enhanced the people's enthusiasm for war, and the Qin State also trained an army with strong combat effectiveness and the title of "Tiger and Wolf Division", laying the military foundation for the unification of the six countries.

In addition, Shang Yang also stipulated that nobles without military merits no longer enjoyed the privileges of the clan. Under the guidance of this policy, the enthusiasm of the lower strata of society has been fully mobilized, and they have been provided with a way to promote and enter the ruling stratum of society. In addition, the implementation of the policy of curbing commercial development and rewarding cultivation and weaving has encouraged the people's enthusiasm for farming, and the increase in grain production and the expansion of cultivated area can provide the country with more surplus grain and ensure that there is no worries about the war, thus also achieving the goal of "making a rich country". Shang Ying's brilliance lies in fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of the lower strata of society to participate in his reforms, finding the convergence point between the interests of the state and the interests of the people, linking the interests of the state with the interests of the people to a certain extent, and opening a way for them to enter political life while "using" the people.

Why was the success of Shang Ying's reform cracked, but Shen Buxian's failure to change his law was able to end well?

Shang Ying's reform of the law is one of the famous reforms in the history of our country, he implemented the new law in the Qin state, helped the Qin state become the most powerful vassal state in the Warring States period, and also laid a solid foundation for Qin Shi Huang to unify the world. He extracted the essence from the ideas of reformers such as Wu Qi and Li Kui, established his own set of Legalist theories, and relied on this theory to carry out a thorough reform of Qin society. Although Shang Ying was eventually killed by a chariot, the fruits of his reforms were preserved.

In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when there was freedom of thought and a hundred schools of thought contended, of course, Shang Ying was not only an accomplished reformer.

One of the founders of the Warring States Legalist Thought, Shen Buxian once served as the prime minister in South Korea and presided over the reform of the law. Sima Qian praised him in the "Historical Records": "In the end, the body of Shenzi, the country is strong in governing the army, and there is no invader of Korea." However, after Shin's death, Korea quickly declined, and his reform failed.

So, it is also a change of law, why did Shang Ying succeed and Shen Buxiao failed?

Dating back to 385 B.C., Shen was born in Jingyi, Zhengguo, in the area of the ancient city of Jingxiang in the southeast of Xingyang City, Henan Province. He was originally a low-ranking official of Zheng Guo, but in 375 BC, after the Korean conquered Zheng State, Shen Bu became Korean. With his own ability, he also served as an official in South Korea.

In 354 BC, Wei attacked Korea. Faced with the grim situation of the enemy being strong and we being weak, Han Zhaohou and the ministers were helpless. Shen Buxian suggested that Han Zhaohou take the "Jue" that the princes had brought with them to meet the Son of Heaven to meet King Wei Hui and proclaim himself to him. He explained: "I am obsessed with Wei, Wei Jun will be determined by Han, and he will be outside the world, which is Wei's disadvantage." The princes are evil Wei and Han, I am exempt from one person, and I believe in ten thousand. The soldiers of Wei are weak, and the power of Han is not as good as that of Chaowei. “

It means that now that Wei is strong and Korea is weak, if Korea surrenders to Wei with a kne, the king of Wei will definitely be even more arrogant. In this way, it will arouse the disgust of other monarchs, and Korea will be sympathetic. Although Korea was subordinate to Wei, it actually weakened Wei and strengthened Korea's power. After some explanation, Han Zhaohou agreed to go. After he showed his respect for the king of Wei with the coffin, Wei not only withdrew its troops, but also formed an alliance with Korea. Thanks to Shin's strategy, South Korea turned the corner. So Han Zhaohou has reused him since then and given him more opportunities to display his talents.

The following year, King Wei Hui turned to attack Zhao and besieged Zhao's capital, Handan, in one fell swoop. At the critical juncture, Zhao Chenghou asked for help from the neighboring countries of Korea and Qi, and Han Zhaohou had just ceased war with Wei, so he was very hesitant and asked Shen Buxian's opinion. However, Shen Buxian was worried that his opinion was different from the answer in Zhaohou's heart, so he did not give an answer directly, but said that he should consider it carefully.

Subsequently, Shen Buxian encouraged the two ministers separately and asked them to put forward their opinions on Zhaohou, while Shen Buxian observed from the sidelines. After figuring out Zhaohou's thoughts, he suggested that Zhaohou join forces to save Zhao. From this, a famous allusion was also born, that is, "encircling Wei to save Zhao".

After these two incidents, Han Zhaohou fully believed in Shen's ability to do no harm, so he promoted him to be the prime minister and presided over the state affairs.

According to the "Historical Records", "Shenzi's learning is based on Huang Lao's main punishment." Shen does not harm the study of Huang Lao, but in the doctrine, he mainly emphasizes the study of the criminal name of "following the name and being responsible, and being cautious in rewarding and punishing". Shin Bu harmed South Korea by "cultivating politics and religion internally and responding to the princes externally", rectifying political affairs internally, and maneuvering among the princes externally to safeguard the interests of Korea.

The first step in the reform of the law in South Korea was to rectify the rule of officials and strengthen the centralized rule of the monarchy. With the support of Han Zhaohou, he first attacked the three powerful clans of the Xia clan, the Gongli and the Duan clan, who were holding the fiefdom and self-respecting. The decisive revocation of its privileges, the demolition of its castles, and the liquidation of its treasury to replenish the treasury have not only stabilized the political situation in South Korea, but also greatly increased South Korea's strength. At the same time, the government has carried out "skill" in a big way, straightened out the ranks of officials, strengthened the evaluation and supervision of officials, and "rewarded officials for their merits and awarded officials for their ability," thus effectively improving the administrative efficiency of state power and giving rise to a vigorous situation in South Korea.

Subsequently, he suggested to Han Zhaohou that the army should be purged, and he took the initiative to ask for orders and appointed himself as a Korean general, and incorporated the nobles' private soldiers into the national army, mixed with the original national soldiers, and carried out harsh military training, so that Korea's combat effectiveness was greatly improved.

It is particularly worth mentioning that Shen Buxian is a rich country and a strong army, and he also attaches great importance to the land issue. He said: "Within the four seas, between the six he, it is said, 'Xi Gui, earth, the foundation of food.'" He also said: "In the past seventy-nine generations, the legal system was different, the orders were different, and the king of the world, why not? It will be the wealth of the country and the abundance of corn. Therefore, he strongly advocated that the people open up more wasteland and more food.

At the same time, he also attached importance to and encouraged the development of handicrafts, especially the manufacture of weapons. Therefore, during the Warring States Period, the Korean smelting and casting industry was relatively developed. At that time, there was a saying that "the sword of the world is Han for the people", and "the world's strong bows and crossbows are all from Han".

Shen does not harm the opposition to legislation for personal gain. It is believed that the monarch must not only master the "art" of controlling the ministers, but also be honest and selfless, so that the subordinates can be loyal to their duties. However, there is such an incident recorded in "Warring States Policy": Shen Buxian privately asked Han Zhaohou to give his cousin an official position, but Han Zhaohou disagreed, and Shen Buxian showed resentment. Han Zhaohou said: "This is the strategy I learned from you to govern the country!" Thou hast taught the widow to confer official rank according to merit, and now thou hast asked to be conferred an official rank on a brother who has not established a meritorious service, and I have granted thy request and abandoned thy doctrine? Or do you push your claims and deny your request? Shen Buxian hurriedly pleaded guilty and said to Han Zhaohou: "The king is really a virtuous monarch, please punish me!" ”

Shen did not harm Han for 15 years, "cultivating politics and religion internally, and responding to the princes outside", helping Han Zhaohou to implement the rule of "law" and "art", so that the absolute monarchy of South Korea was strengthened, the domestic political situation was stabilized, the privileges of the nobility were restricted, and the people's lives gradually became richer. Although Korea was surrounded by powerful countries, it was able to live in peace and become one of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States alongside Qi, Chu, Yan, Zhao, Wei, and Qin.

During the fifteen years that Shin Buxi was in charge of internal affairs, South Korea's national strength continued to improve, and the princes did not dare to attack rashly. However, Shen Buxian emphasized that power should be returned to the central government and exercised by the monarch. This system leads to the fact that "one word is right and the world is determined, and one word is relied on and the world is beautiful". In other words, if the king is wise, the country can develop steadily. But if the king is mediocre, his power will be abused, and the state will decay, which is the root cause of his failure. The Shang Dynasty, on the other hand, emphasized the rule of law, and even kings were subject to this restriction. In this way, even the mediocrity of the monarch will not affect the society that operates on its own by the rule of law. The steady development of the Qin state within the framework created by the Shang Dynasty was the embodiment of the success of the Shang Dynasty's reforms.

Therefore, although Shang Ying's reform was successful, he made too many enemies, and finally brought great disasters to himself; Although the Shen Bu Harm Reform Law ultimately failed, it still strengthened the power of the Korean kings, resulting in the respect and love of the Korean kings of the past dynasties and the nobility of their descendants.

It is precisely because Shen Buxian and Han Zhaohou have used more than "techniques" and have insufficient laws, "not being good at their own laws, and not being consistent with their constitutional decrees," so they have not fundamentally solved the problems of South Korea. As soon as Han Zhaohou died, Korea soon declined again. However, the legal system idea of Shen not harming "art" provided theory and experience for the feudal emperors of previous dynasties to strengthen the centralization of monarchical power, and also set a precedent for some people to engage in conspiracy and trickery.

Throughout Shen Buxian's life, it is really "successful, magic; Defeat also, spells. ”

There is a cloud in the Book of Changes: "The main road changes, and each is life." Baohe Yamato, Nai Lizhen. The first out of the house, Xianning of all countries. That is to say, the changes in the trigram are consistent with the changes in the heavens, and everything should abide by the law of development. If you maintain the harmony of all things, you can be prosperous and auspicious. When new things emerge one after another, the world will be peaceful and peaceful.

Both Shen Buxing and Shang Ying are great and respectable reformers, and heroes should not be judged by success or failure.

"Heroes are not judged by success or failure." From "Zhuangzi Thief". A person's success or failure cannot be judged by whether he is a hero or not. In a long historical period, when later generations evaluated historical figures, they always measured them by the standard of success or failure. However, this is unjust.