From ancient times to the present, many people have speculated that if Jing Ke succeeded in assassinating Qin Shi Huang, would the process of Qin's annihilation of the Six Kingdoms be stopped?

There is a classic dialogue in the movie "Jing Ke Assassinates the King of Qin". Yan Dan, the crown prince of Yan Yan State, threatened to dissuade Qin Shi Huang from sending troops to destroy the Six Kingdoms at the expense of the same fate. Qin Shi Huang replied: "Kill me, and someone will do this." ”

Although this line is fictional, it accurately grasps the historical background of the time. That's right, even without Qin Shi Huang, the Qin State will continue to wage war against the Six Kingdoms. Because the war of unification was not only the ambition of the Qin kings of the past dynasties, but also the core interest of the Qin state's "military merit-grammar and law official complex".

Military Merit-Grammar Complex: The Product of the Shang Dynasty Reform.

The "Military Merit-Grammar Complex" is a huge emerging social force in the Qin State, which originated in the Shang Dynasty Reform in the era of Qin Xiaogong, grew up in the foreign wars of King Huiwen of Qin, King Wu of Qin, and King Zhao of Qin, and reached its peak during the reign of Qin Shi Huang. The development and growth of this force is closely related to the two upward tracks of the military merit system and the scholar system designed by Shang Ying.

The reform of the Shang Dynasty was aimed at overthrowing the aristocracy and revitalizing the peasant war. He struck down the talkers, stripped the nobility of the privileges of hereditary titles, and used a complex mix of policies to drive everyone to the agrarian war. No matter what class you come from, what country you come from, whether you are from China or Rongdi, you can get a knighthood by virtue of your military exploits.

At the same time, Shang Ying also implemented the scholar system in various counties of the Qin State to meet the growing talent gap in the classical legal system. The children of the commoners entered the government school to read and write, learn the law and arithmetic and government skills, and these scholars became county and township officials in the system after selection and assessment, and could be gradually promoted to high lords and important ministers by virtue of labor performance evaluation.

These two paths of development may seem like different paths, but in fact they lead to the same goal. Due to the general conscription system implemented by the Qin state, all the officials and citizens of the Qin State served in the military. Grammar officials were required to serve at least two years of military service as untitled civilians, and they served as Qin military officials when they joined the army.

For example, when the famous general of the Qin State Wang Jian attacked the Zhao State, he once reduced the siege force to one-fifth of the original one-fifth, let the fighting food officials and the no-jazz soldiers return to China, and use the elite "officer training regiment" to break the enemy and pull out the city.

Illiterate soldiers with knighthood could theoretically be selected as junior officials, but without further training in the school, they would not be able to handle the busy and complex government affairs. And soldiers with a grammar background obviously have more opportunities for promotion, and over time, the Qin ** Gong class and the grammar class are highly overlapped, almost the same group of people, and it is appropriate to call it a "military merit-grammar official complex".

After the Shang Dynasty changed the law, the generals of the Qin State mainly came from three groups: the noble relatives of the clan, the foreign guests, and the grassroots scholars.

The Gentile Guest Secretaries and the grassroots people belonged to the cloth cloth class, and they did not have the superior conditions of the clan nobles, so they could only speak by virtue of merit. They either served in the army or as officials, were awarded knighthoods for meritorious service, accumulated hard work, and continued to advance from the grass-roots military and political units in various localities, and went forward one after another to occupy a place in the DPRK and China.

After more than 100 years of evolution, the Qin State began to appear in the late Qin Zhao Dynasty, and the political influence of the nobles of the clan was much less than before.

Looking at the main important ministers of Qin Shi Huang, they are either cloth cloth scholars who started with military merits or deeds, such as Wang Juan, Wang Qian, Li Si, etc., or they are descendants of military merits, such as the Meng Tian family, which has produced three generations of famous generals. They are all high-level representatives of the military-grammar and grammar complex, and the officials, officers and soldiers of the counties and counties of the Qin State, as well as the households with lords, together constitute the middle and lower levels of the military-grammar complex.

The high-level state apparatus and bureaucratic organizations at all levels in Great Qin were in the hands of the military-grammar complex. The war of Qin's unification was in line with the fundamental interests of the military-grammar complex, and no one could stop this huge force composed of important ministers of the DPRK and the military and civilians at the grassroots level from pursuing meritorious deeds and wealth.

The trajectory of the war of unification has long been determined by the military-grammar complex. Qin Shi Huang Fen VI Yu Lie, established the ambition to dominate the world. However, if we read the historical materials carefully, we will notice that Qin Shi Huang was only the helmsman of the decisive stage of the unification war, not the founder of the unified war policy.

As early as the reign of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, the Qin state had already transitioned from a war of annexation to a war of unification, and the actual leader of this strategic transformation was the spokesperson of the military-grammar complex, the spokesperson of the military merit-grammar complex, the top decision-making team composed of important ministers such as Meng Fu and Wang Di.

On the first day of his reign, King Qin Xiaowen promulgated a series of new policies - forgiveness of sinners, cultivation of meritorious officials, praise of relatives, and relaxation of the court. These new policies, which amended the strict laws of the Shang monarch, were written by Xiangbang Lü Buwei.

Although King Qin Xiaowen died suddenly after his third reign, his son King Qin Zhuang Xiang continued to support Lü Buwei's reforms. The internal affairs of the Qin State were presided over by Lü Buwei, Marquis of Wenxin, and the foreign wars were presided over by veterans such as Meng Fu and Wang Di. King Xiang of Qin Zhuang died after only three years of reign, and Qin Shi Huang, who was only thirteen years old, ascended the throne, and state affairs were still entrusted to these old ministers.

In the twelve years from the death of King Qin Xiaowen to the personal government of Qin Shi Huang, the great plan of Qin's government was actually in the hands of the generals.

Lü Buwei comprehensively improved the comprehensive strength of the Qin State through reforms and annexed the Eastern Zhou State, while generals such as Meng Fu and Wang Yi repeatedly crusaded against the Three Jin Dynasty, allowing the Qin State to add Taiyuan County, Shangdang County, Dong County and other territories. The material basis for launching a unified war was already in place, and the appearance of the encyclopedia "Lü Shiqiu" indicated that the Qin high-level had begun to think about the future pattern of great unification of the world.

If it were not for the hard work of Lü Buwei, Meng Fu, Wang Yi and others, the Qin State would probably have lingered for a long time in the trough period after the disastrous defeat in the Battle of Handan, and the historical task of Qin Shi Huang would probably still be to recover his vitality. Under the influence of these important ministers, Qin Shi Huang's way of thinking had jumped out of the annexation wars of the Qin Zhao era, and listed the destruction of the Six Kingdoms as a new guideline.

After Lü Buwei's death, Qin's military-grammar complex did not disappear, it was just an internal exchange of blood. The new generation of important ministers such as Wang Juan, Li Si, Wang Qian, Meng Tian, Feng Zai, and Feng Quji, who Qin Shi Huang relied on, still followed the upward trajectory designed by Shang Ying to enter the upper echelons. No matter how the political situation of the Qin State changed and how much the upper and lower classes flowed, the overall structure of the military-grammar complex was very stable, extending to almost every corner of the Qin government.

The military-grammar and law officials complex has a clear interest appeal, which requires the state to appoint people on the basis of merit, clear rewards and punishments, and a complete legal system, and externally requires more victories and more meritorious people's land and mansion officials. In fact, this is also the common goal of the cloth cloth class in all countries.

However, the remnants of aristocratic politics in Shandong could not fully meet this point, resulting in a large number of civilian talents being lost to the Qin state. As a result, in the course of more than 100 years of development, the Qin Gong-Grammar Officials Complex has continuously integrated various groups such as the Qin people, the people of the Six Kingdoms, the people of the small and medium-sized princes, the Rong Di, and the Zhuyi, and has become the most effective and strategic force in China.

It is no exaggeration to say that the military-grammar and grammar complex, with the prime minister and general as the core and the Quartet officials and the people as the source, represented the most extensive social interests of the Qin State and became the main promoter of the unification of the world.

Their ultimate goal was to pacify the four seas like King Shang Tang and King Wu of Zhou, establish a more reasonable social system, and then enjoy the peaceful and prosperous era of Yanwu Xingwen with peace of mind. This ideal is expressed in the chapters of "Shang Junshu Reward and Punishment" and "Han Feizi's General Body", and these two works of the Legalist school are precisely the most deeply related to Qin Zheng.

The brilliant Qin Shi Huang was committed to this common ideal, which led to the allegiance of a military-grammar complex composed of top talents from many countries.

If Qin Shi Huang was assassinated, what would the top leaders of the Qin State do?

Before Jing Ke sent an envoy to Xianyang, the Qin general Wang Jian and the deputy general Xin Sheng led hundreds of thousands of troops to destroy Zhao and stationed in Zhongshan to confront the Yan Dynasty coalition forces.

Yan Dan, the crown prince of Yan Yan State, naively thought that the destruction of the Six Kingdoms was only Qin Shi Huang's personal ambition, and there was no basis for public opinion, and the war could be ended as soon as King Qin died. That's why he sent Jing Ke to take the risk of assassination. The error of this judgment lies in underestimating the stability of the Qin **gong-grammar complex.

Even if there is no strong monarch and a military-grammar complex, this social backbone composed of Qin people and scholars from the eastern part of the Qin Dynasty will promote the process of unification. The difference is only in efficiency and steps. The emergence of Qin Shi Huang is like installing an accelerator that allows this war machine to accomplish the common goals of all classes with greater efficiency.

Even if Jing Ke's assassination of Qin succeeded, even if Wang Qian's army temporarily retreated back to China, it would only allow the remaining countries in Shandong to survive for a few more years, but it would be difficult to change the general trend of history.

The history of the Qin State is not lacking in the sudden death of the monarch, as well as the relevant experience in dealing with it.

For example, King Wu of Qin died unexpectedly, King Qin Zhao, the younger brother of King Wu, was pushed onto the stage of history, Empress Dowager Xuan and Marquis Wei Ran and others jointly ruled the country, and jointly assisted the country with generals Sima Cuo and Bai Qi. The early period of Qin Shi Huang also happened to be the stage when decisions were made by the elders and important ministers. There are enough examples of the military-grammar complex to copy.

If Yingzheng died suddenly, the ministers would refer to the experience of Lü Buwei, Meng Fu, Wang Yi and others to assist the new monarch, and either let the young eldest son Fusu ascend the throne in advance, or choose a person from the clan who was not too bad to sit on the throne.

The new monarch is not pro-government, and entrusts state affairs to the leadership team with Prime Minister Wang Juan, General Wang Qian, and Tingwei Li Si as the core. After the military merit-grammar complex chose a new spokesperson, it destroyed the Yan Kingdom in the name of avenging the first king and set foot on the Yan capital Jicheng.

Perhaps this generation of Qin monarchs and ministers could not destroy the Six Kingdoms, drive out the Xiongnu, and level Baiyue in one go, but the basic national policy of the unification war should theoretically continue to be passed on to the day when the four seas return to one.

The military-grammar complex was extremely expansive in troubled times, and after the end of the War of Unification, it became very stable. It is good to be an official of the field house in exchange for military merits, but after all, fighting a war will kill people, and it will also cause countless tragedies of family ruin.

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