The other side of Shang Ying's change: the six relatives do not recognize it, and the methods are cruel!

Shang Ying was the one who assisted Qin Xiaogong in implementing the reforms. It is generally believed that the real strength of the Qin State was due to Qin Xiaogong's changes in the law, and the formulation and specific organization and implementation of the new law were all due to Shang Ying. Qin was able to sweep away the six countries and dominate the world, precisely because Qin Xiaogong's reform laid the foundation, so the unification of the whole country by Qin should start with Qin Xiaogong and finish with Qin Shi Huang. Shang Ying is a person who changes the law, there is no objection to this. However, no matter how capable Shang Ying is, he is just an official, a person who does things, not a master, and the master is the monarch, that is, Qin Xiaogong. Because the implementation of the reform will encounter the obstacles of traditional forces, Shang Ying must use extreme means to implement it, which makes him belong to the party of cool officials, it can be said that Shang Ying is a cool official, or the ancestor of cool officials. Cool officials have a common characteristic: they don't recognize their six relatives, they are cruel, and they do everything.

With a unique view and an unconventional way of thinking, Shang Ying is a patriot and a son of the clan, so he is also known as Wei Ying. He once defected to Wei Xiangguo's uncle, but before he could be recommended, his uncle was already ill. The monarch of Wei Guo visited Gongshuzuo and said, if you really pass away one day, who can replace you? Gongshuzuo recommended Shang Yang to the monarch, but King Wei Hui did not take this stubble. When King Hui was about to leave, the uncle said again, "If the king does not use Wei Ying, please kill him." King Hui thought that Sangkook was too sick, so he said inconsistent words. After King Hui left, Gong Shuzuo called Shang Ying again and said, The king asked me who can be appointed to the Xiangguo, I recommended you, and the look of the king will not use you. I am the king before the minister, the country before the individual, so I said to the king again, if you don't use you, I will kill you. The king has already promised me, you should escape from Wei as soon as possible, it will be too late. Shang Ying said: "It's going to be fine, since the king didn't listen to your words and appointed me as the prime minister, how could he listen to your words and kill me?" "So he didn't leave Wei. It wasn't until after the death of Gongshuzuo that Shang Ying heard that the filial piety of the Qin State had ordered him to seek talents, so he left the Wei State and went to the Qin State.

When ordinary people heard that the king was going to kill him, they would definitely flee immediately, even if it was to avoid a momentary emergency, they would do so, but Shang Ying saw that the uncle suggested that the king kill him because of his talent, and since the king didn't think he had great talent, how could he kill him? This is indeed not something that ordinary people can do, and it can be said to be unconventional thinking.

Abuse of torture and cruelty Soon after entering the Qin State, Shang Ying moved Qin Xiaogong, was appointed as the head of the left concubine, and quickly formulated the content of the reform. The contents of these changes are roughly as follows: the implementation of private ownership of land and the free purchase and sale of land; Those who were rewarded for ploughing and warfare, and who produced a lot of grain and cloth, were exempt from forced labor; Titles and farms were conferred according to the size of military merit, and the privileges of the old nobility without military merit were abolished; Establish a county system, which is governed by officials directly sent by the monarch.

In order to implement the new law, Shang Ying also implemented a joint sitting method, that is, one family commits a crime, and ten families are jointly punished. Failure to report the evil is punishable by beheading, and harboring criminals is considered to be a surrendered enemy, and fighting for private matters is punishable by severe punishment. Especially after the new law received certain results, some people in Qin State commented that the new law was good, and Shang Ying actually moved all these people to the border, and the crime turned out to be "disturbing education". The punishment has been applied to the level of speech among the people, which shows how severe the punishment is. After Qin Shi Huang established a unified central government, the criminal laws of the Qin Dynasty were always considered harsh, and if you want to trace these legal sources back, you can also find Shang Ying. If the pace of unification of the Qin State began with the changes of Qin Xiaogong and Shang Ying, then the harsh laws of the Qin Dynasty also began with Xiaogong and Shang Ying.

There is only the monarch in his eyes, and the rest of the "six relatives do not recognize". The reason why cool officials can commit violence for a long time, in addition to the fact that they are all in the name of the law, and more importantly, they have won the favor of the highest authorities, so that they can act unscrupulously and boldly. They also have one thing in common, they look only at the king and have no scruples about anything else. Of course, they are not the kind of people who are truly loyal to the monarchy, only for truth and justice, but only to look at the king's face and speculate on the monarch's psychology in order to fight for their own higher official position or title.

Shang Ying saw Qin Xiaogong for the first time, and said that Qin Xiaogong was sleepy, and when he saw him for the second time, he still couldn't arouse the slightest interest in Xiaogong. However, when he saw Qin Xiaogong for the third time, he talked for several days! What exactly is the reason for this result? The rhetoric is different. Later generations summarized Shang Ying's three words as "the emperor's road", "the king's way" and "domineering", the first two because the time was too long, filial piety could not wait, Shang Yang entered this "domineering". A person actually prepared the theory of three governing the country, and if it doesn't work, then come again, it can be seen that this person is not how deep his knowledge is, but how deep his scheming is to speculate on the psychology of the king.

has gained the trust of Qin Xiaogong, and Shang Ying has only recognized Qin Xiaogong since then. The crown prince violated the new law, and Shang Ying also had to be punished. Because the crown prince was the future monarch and could not punish him, Shang Ying punished the prince's two teachers, Gongzi Qian and Gongsun Jia. These three people, one is the future monarch and the other is the doctor of the prince, regardless of right and wrong, it can be seen how "cool" Shang Ying's heart is!

In order to achieve their goals, the actions of the officials by unscrupulous means are objectively for the stability of the country, but in the subjective consciousness, they are just for their own officials.

Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Ying as Daliangzao and handed over to him the power to implement the new law, in fact, Shang Ying already held the highest administrative power. However, at this time, Shang Ying was just a guest secretary, which was an honor, and it was not close to the actual titles of doctor and gentleman. At this time, Shang Ying, no matter how beautiful it was, he was still the person called Martingale who defended the country, so at this time he was still Gongsun Martingale or Wei Marting. However, when he defeated the Wei army and forced the Wei to cut out the land of Hexi and give it to the Qin state, Qin Xiaogong gave him the land of the fifteen yi of Yu and Shang, and from then on, this Wei Ying became the Shang Ying. It is worth noting that Shang Ying defeated the Wei ** team and captured the commander of the Wei ** team, Gongzi, using despicable means.

In 340 BC, the Qi ** team defeated the Wei army at Maling and killed Pang Juan, the most willing and capable general in the world at that time, and the Wei state declined from then on. In the following year, Shang Ying suggested that Qin Xiaogong take the opportunity to attack Wei, and he agreed. Shang Ying led an army to attack Wei, and Wei sent Gongzi Wei to lead his troops to meet the enemy. At this time, although the Wei ** team was not as brave and capable as Pang Juan when he led the troops, the Qin State had also been weak for many years, and the results of the new law had not yet fully appeared, and Shang Ying was not sure of victory. So, Shang Ying thought of a way to win the Wei State by deception. Shang Ying wrote a letter to Gongzi, in which he said that I had a good relationship with Gongzi when I was in Wei, and now that we have become hostile generals, I can't bear to attack each other. Why don't we meet, make a covenant, drink two glasses of wine happily, and then quit the army, and from then on the two countries will live in peace and friendship. Gongzi didn't know whether it was a fraud, and as a result, he was captured by Shang Ying at the alliance meeting, and the army was also defeated in an unguarded situation. After this battle, the elite troops of Wei almost disappeared, and the national strength was even weaker. King Wei Hui had no choice but to cede the land west of Hexi to Qin in order to make peace. The Wei State also had to move the capital east to Daliang, and from then on this Wei State was also called the Liang State. Wei Ying also became a Shang Jun from then on, and Wei Ying became Shang Ying.

Although there is a saying in the art of war called "soldiers are not tired of deceit", Shang Ying's deception was a bit too bad, he took advantage of the friendship and trust between friends, which was despised by the righteous men and gentlemen of that era. Shang Ying does not care about these, as long as he achieves the goal, he can do whatever it takes, and he does not care about others. The cool officials of later generations are all murderers, but although their ways to become cool officials are not the same, one thing is the same, that is, to achieve the goal, unscrupulous means.

The end is sad, the cool officials only recognize the monarch in the place where there is no burial, when the monarch dies or changes his mind for the sake of face and the need to rule, that is, the end of the cool officials, and most of the cool officials are very sad, like Shang Ying, it is a place of death and no burial.

In 338 BC, Qin Xiaogong, who supported Shang Ying's reform, died, and the crown prince, who had been punished by Shang Ying, became the king of Qin. Gongzi Qian, who had been received in place of the crown prince, and others accused Shang Ying of rebellion, and King Qin Hui ordered Shang Ying's arrest. Shang Ying fled to the border and wanted to find a hotel to live in, but the owner of the inn did not dare to take him in because he had no documents, and the reason for not daring to take him in turned out to be that "Shang Jun has an order", and people like him must be jointly and severally liable for taking him in! Shang Ying had no choice but to flee to Wei, and because of resentment, the Wei people sent him back to Qin without waiting for him to escape. After returning to Qin, Shang Yang absconded to his fiefdom and mobilized Shangyi's soldiers to attack Zheng in search of survival. As a result, the state of Qin sent troops and killed him in Zheng Guo's pond. In the end, Shang Ying was divided into five horses and exterminated.

Throughout Shang Ying's life, in addition to changing the law, he is also a cool official, he can be called the ancestor of the cool official, many of the practices of the cool official can be seen from him A little shadow, and some of his fate is similar to Shang Ying.

Shang Ying has unconventional thinking, and Zhang Tang also has unconventional thinking. When he was a child, his father went out to let him look after the house, and his father punished him for stealing from the rats. Zhang Tang caught the stolen rat and used the procedures and means of trial to punish the mouse.

The Shang Dynasty had a "joint law", and the Han Dynasty had a "seeing and knowing law", which was to let officials supervise each other and report and expose each other. This law was jointly formulated by the cool officials Zhao Yu and Zhang Tang, I wonder if it was inspired by Shang Ying's "joint law"?

Shang Ying dared to pursue the prince and tortured the prince, Zhang Tang made a big deal when dealing with the case of Empress Chen's Ah Wu Gu, a case limited to the court, and killed more than 300 people, which is really cruel. Zhidu became the Taishou of Jinan, as soon as he took office, he wiped out a big family, and later became a lieutenant, even the princes and the people of the royal family saw him, they had to look sideways and call him "Goshawk", which shows how powerful it should be!

Shang Ying was exterminated by Che, the cool officials Zhidu and Zhang Tang were killed, Zhou Yangyou and Yizong were sentenced to abandon the city, and Wang Wenshu was also exterminated by the five clans. The most typical is that Zhang Tang, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was deceived and forced Zhang Tang to commit suicide in order to save face, and after Zhang Tang died, he killed all the people who accused him. Shang Ying was the same, others were executed, but the change he carried out was inherited. It can be seen that in front of the cool officials, human life is not valuable, and in front of the emperor's interests and even face, the life of the cool officials is not worth much.

The Shang Dynasty changed the law and promoted the economic development of the Qin State, which must be fully affirmed. However, the reform of Shang Ying aimed at all Qin people except Qin Xiaogong, and this extreme approach can be called the originator of cool officials. The change is a negation of the old things, and it is inevitable to encounter resistance in the process of implementation. However, some specific methods in the implementation of the reform can still adopt some different strategies, such as the Qi State Reform implemented by Guan Zhong before him, because the time is earlier, its impact on people's ideological understanding is no less than the reform of Shang Ying. However, Guan Zhong can make his policy clear to people first, and he will also find a reasonable excuse for himself in the specific implementation, so that the change will not only have little resistance, but also earn a good reputation for the individual. Saying that Shang Ying is a cool official, this is exactly what he lacks.

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