Xun Yu (163-212), the character is ruo. A native of Yingyin, Yingchuan (now Xuchang, Henan). A famous politician and strategist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao's chief strategist and hero of the unification of the north, was known as "Wang Zuozhicai".

Xun Yu was promoted to filial piety in his early years, appointed to guard the palace order, and later abandoned the official and returned to his hometown. He also led his clan to take refuge in Jizhou, and was treated as a guest by Yuan Shao. Later, he defected to Cao Cao. The official is in the middle of the service, keeps the order of the book, and seals the marquis of the pavilion. Because of his appointment as Shang Shuling, he has been in the center for more than ten years, dealing with military affairs, and is respectfully called "Xun Lingjun". Later, he was jealous of Cao Cao because he opposed Cao Cao's claim to be the Duke of Wei, transferred out of the center, and died of depression in Shouchun (one said that he was hinted by Cao Cao and committed suicide by poisoning). After his death, he was posthumously honored as a marquis, and later posthumously presented as a lieutenant.

In terms of strategy, Xun Yu formulated a blueprint and military line for Cao Cao's plan to unify the north, and repeatedly revised Cao Cao's strategic policy and was praised by Cao Cao, including "deeply rooted in the foundation to control the world" and "welcome the Son of Heaven"; In terms of tactics, he once faced the rebellion of Lü Bu and protected the three cities of Yanzhou, plotted to strangle Yuan Shao in Guandu, and made many achievements such as the dangerous passage of Wan and Ye to cover his surprise attack on Jingzhou; In terms of politics, Cao Cao recommended a large number of talents such as Zhong Xuan, Xun You, Chen Qun, Du Xi, Xi Zhicai, and Guo Jia. Xun Yu has made many achievements in planning, plotting, Kuang Bi, and lifting people, and was called "my son's room" by Cao Cao.

Xun Yu was born in Yingchuan Xun, after Xunzi. His grandfather, Xun Shu, was well-known in the world and was known as the Divine Monarch. Xun Shu has eight sons, known as the Eight Dragons. Xun Yu's father Xun Qi once served as the minister of Jinan, and his uncle Xun Shuang served as Sikong. Xun Yu was afraid of the eunuchs, so he asked Xun Yu to marry the daughter of Tang Heng, who was often servant in the middle school. Because Xun Yu was famous when he was young, he was free from ridicule from others. Later, He Hao, a famous man in Nanyang, was surprised when he saw Xun Yu and said: "This is Wang Zuozhi's talent!" ”

In the first year of the Yonghan Dynasty (189), he was promoted to filial piety and was appointed to guard the palace order (in charge of the emperor's pen, ink, paper and other items). In September, Dong Zhuo abolished the young emperor Liu Wei and established the emperor Liu Xie. In November, Dong Zhuo was the prime minister, praised and worshipped the nameless, did not enter the court, and went to the palace with his sword.

Xun Yu abandoned his official position and returned to his hometown. He said to his father: "Yingchuan is a place of four wars, if there is a change in the world, then it will often be invaded, and you should leave early, not for a long time." "But the villagers are nostalgic for their homeland and are reluctant to leave. At that time, Han Fu of Mutong County in Jizhou sent someone to pick up Xun Yu, but no one accompanied him. Xun Yu had to move his clan to Jizhou for refuge alone.

After arriving in Jizhou, Jizhou has been obtained by Yuan Shao, and Yuan Shao saw Xun Yu coming and treated him as a guest. Xun Yu's younger brother Xun Chen and the same county Xin Ping and Guo Tu were all under Yuan Shao. Xun Yu thought that Yuan Shao could not achieve great things in the end.

In the second year of Chuping (191), Xun Yu left Yuan Shao and joined Cao Cao. Cao Cao saw Xun Yu coming to vote, Dayue, and said, "This is my ovary!" So Xun Yu was appointed as Sima of the other department, and Xun Yu was twenty-nine years old at the time.

At that time, Dong Zhuo was in the world, Cao Cao asked Xun Yu, Xun Yu said: "Dong Zhuo's cruelty has exceeded common sense, and he will definitely be violent because of trouble, and he will not do anything." Later, Dong Zhuo sent Li Dao and others out of the Kanto, captured all over the country, and returned to Yingchuan and Chenliu. Most of the people in Xunyu Township died in the war.

In the third year of Chuping (192), Cao Cao led Yanzhou Mu, and later became the general of Zhendong. Xun Yu fought with him as Sima.

In the first year of Xingping (194), Cao Cao went east to conquer Tao Qian, and Zhang Miao and Chen Gong took the opportunity to oppose Cao in Yanzhou and secretly greeted Lu Bu. When Xun Yu and Shou Zhang ordered Cheng Yu to guard Juancheng (now north of Juancheng, Shandong, Yanzhou Zhishu), after Lü Bu arrived, Zhang Miao sent Liu Yi to tell Xun Yu: "General Lü has come to help Cao Zhijun attack Taoqian, and he should immediately supply them with armaments and food." Everyone was puzzled, but Xun Yu knew his plan, and immediately ordered the army to strengthen the defense, and urgently summoned the Taishou Xiahou of Dongjun. And all the cities of Yanzhou responded to Zhang Miao and took refuge in Lu Bu's camp. At that time, Cao Cao led a large army to the expedition, and there were very few troops left, and many people colluded with Zhang Miao and Chen Gong. After Xiahoudun arrived, he killed dozens of rebels at night, and the army's heart was at peace.

Yuzhou Assassin Shi Guo Gong was instigated by Lu Bu and led tens of thousands of people to attack, and the army was very afraid. Guo Gong asked to see Xun Yu, Xun Yu was about to go, Xiahoudun and others said: "You are the barrier of a state, if you go, it will definitely be dangerous, you can't go." Xun Yu said: "Guo Gong and Zhang Miao have no dealings with each other, and now they are in a hurry, and the plan must not have been decided; Lobbying him now while he is still undecided, if not to help us, can keep him neutral, and if he doubts first, he will be angry and make up his mind. So he went out of the city to meet Guo Gong, Guo Gong saw that Xun Yu had no fear, thinking that Juancheng was easy to defend and difficult to attack, so he led his troops away. Xun Yu made a plan with Cheng Yu again to protect Fan and Dong'e. Died in all three cities. Soon after, Cao Cao returned to Puyang and defeated Lü Bu.

In the first month of the second year of Xingping (195), Cao Cao defeated Lü Bu's army, which had invaded Dingtao (northwest of present-day Dingtao, Shandong). In May, Cao Cao launched an attack on Xue Lan and Li Feng, the generals of Lü Bu's troops in the garrison of Juye (present-day northeast of Juye, Shandong), but Lü Bu personally rescued him, but was defeated by Cao Cao and retreated. Cao Cao annihilated the defenders of Juye, beheaded Xue Lan and Li Feng, and took advantage of the victory to enter Chengshi (now southwest of Juye, Shandong).

At this time, Xuzhou Mu Taoqian was dead, and after Cao Cao learned about it, he planned to take the opportunity to seize Xuzhou and return to the army to eliminate Lü Bu. Xun Yu dissuaded: "Back then, Han Gaozu guarded the eastern part of the country, and Emperor Guangwu occupied Hanoi, both of them first consolidated the base to control the world, so that the advance could win, and the retreat could be fortified, so although there were difficulties and twists and turns, the great cause could be completed in the end." The general originally relied on the Yanzhou incident to quell the chaos in Shandong, and the people were all happy and convinced. Moreover, Yanzhou crosses the Yellow River and Jishui, which is the world's key rush, although it is dilapidated, but it can also protect itself, this place is the general your Guanzhong and Hanoi, and you have to stabilize it first. Now that we have defeated Li Feng and Xue Lan, if we divide our troops to attack Chen Gong in the east, Chen Palace will definitely not dare to look west, we will take the opportunity to organize a team to harvest wheat, save grain, and reserve grain, we can defeat Lu Bu in one fell swoop. Then he went south to unite with Liu Xuan of Yangzhou to discuss Yuan Shu to control the Huaishui and Surabaya areas. If you abandon Lu Bu and attack Xuzhou in the east, more soldiers will not be enough to attack the city, and if there are fewer soldiers left behind, the people will be recruited to defend the city, and they will not be able to collect firewood and grass. Lu Bu took the opportunity to invade, kill and plunder, and the people's hearts will be even more afraid, only Juancheng, Fan, and Wei can be saved, and the rest of the places are not owned by us, which is equivalent to losing Yanzhou. If Xuzhou can't be captured, where will the general stay? What's more, although Tao Qian died, Xuzhou was not easy to break. Xuzhou, in view of the failures of previous years, will unite closely out of fear, both internally and externally. Now that the wheat has been harvested in the east, the wall will be cleared to prevent the general; The general could not attack for a long time, plundered and gained nothing, and within ten days, 100,000 men and horses were already tired before the battle began. The last crusade against Xuzhou, the implementation of violence as a punishment, Xuzhou children think of the shame of their father and brother being killed, they will definitely fight to the death, there is no heart to surrender, even if they can capture Xuzhou, they still can't occupy it. Indeed, there is a thing in the world that gives up this and takes that, and it is okay to exchange the big for the small, and it is also okay to exchange peace for danger; It is okay to weigh the situation for a while, regardless of whether the foundation is not solid. Now none of the three is beneficial, and I hope that the general will weigh this situation carefully. Cao Cao adopted Xun Yu's advice and abandoned his attempt to attack Xuzhou. Seize the warplanes, harvest ripe wheat, store grain, and accumulate strength.

Soon, Cao Cao defeated Lü Bu, and Lü Bu abandoned the camp overnight and retreated to Xuzhou. Cao Cao took advantage of the victory to capture Dingtao City, and sent troops to recover the counties of Yanzhou, and Yanzhou was pacified. The victory of this battle was of great significance to Cao Cao's future unification of the north and the achievement of great causes, and Xun Yu made great contributions.

In the first year of Jian'an (196), he defeated the Yellow Turban Army with Cao Cao. In July, Emperor Liu Xie of the Han Dynasty, escorted by Yang Feng and Dong Cheng, returned to Luoyang (northeast of present-day Luoyang, Henan) from Chang'an (northwest of present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi). On the issue of whether to welcome the Son of Heaven and build the capital Xu County, there was a dispute within Cao Jun. Most people did not agree to welcome Emperor Xian, on the grounds that Xuzhou had not yet been pacified, and Han Xian and Yang Feng had just welcomed the Son of Heaven to Luoyang and connected Zhang Yang to the north, so they could not control them for the time being.

Xun Yu said to Cao Cao: "In the past, Duke Wen of Jin welcomed the return of King Xiang of Zhou and the princes obeyed, and Han Gaozu went east to conquer Xiang Yu, and the world returned to the heart of the world for the righteous emperor to wear plain clothes and mourn. Since the Son of Heaven is in turmoil, the general first advocated the righteous soldiers to serve the king, just because of the chaos and war in Shandong, and could not go to Guanyou, but still assigned generals, risked communicating with the imperial court, although it was difficult to save the country outside the imperial court, and the heart was always tied to the royal family, which is the general's consistent ambition to help the world. Sincerity is therefore in the Lord's view of the people, and the great shun is also; Bingzhi is impartial to serve the heroes, and the general is also; Fu Hongyi to be handsome, great virtue also. Although there are adverse festivals in the world, you can't be tired, and you can't be tired. How dare Han Xian and Yang Feng do harm? If the court is not corrected in time, the world will have the heart of rebellion, and even if you think about this matter in the future, it will be too late. ”

Cao Cao believed that Xun Yu's words were reasonable, so he personally led a large army to Luoyang at the secret invitation of Dong Cheng, the general of Anji, and was appointed as the captain of Si Li, and was invited to welcome the emperor's relocation of the capital to Xu County (now Xuchangdong, Henan). Cao Cao was named a general and the Marquis of Wuping, and Xun Yu was also promoted to the rank of Han servant, keeping the Shangshu order. From then on, Cao Cao Feng Tianzi ordered the strategic advantage of the princes, and laid the foundation for the smooth implementation of his subsequent unification war (see Cao Cao's war to unify the north).

To lift the virtuous

Xun Yu rarely goes out with the army, but "holds the weight in the middle", although Cao Cao is fighting abroad, but the military affairs are planned by Xun Yu. Cao Cao asked Xun Yu: "Who can act as a conspirator for me?" Xun Yu said: "Xun Yu (Xun Yu's nephew), Zhong Xuan." Xun Yu is good at recommending talents, at first recommended Xi Zhicai, and after Xi Zhicai's death, he recommended Guo Jia. In addition, Chen Qun, Du Ji, Sima Yi and others were also recommended, all of whom were famous people at that time, only Yan Xiang and Wei Kang later died because of failure.

Since Cao Cao welcomed Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, it caused Yuan Shao's dissatisfaction. At that time, Yuan Shaoxiong lived in the north. Cao Cao was worried about Lu Bu in the east and refused to embroider Zhang in the south.

In the first month of the second year of Jian'an (197), Cao Cao marched south against Zhang Xiu and returned defeated. Yuan Shao was even more arrogant, writing to Cao Cao with arrogant rhetoric. Cao Cao was furious after reading it, and all the generals said that it was the reason for the unfavorable battle. Zhong Yu asked Xun Yu because of this, and Xun Yu said: "With the wisdom of Cao Gong, he must not be guilty of the past, what else is there to worry about." After seeing Cao Cao, Cao Cao showed Yuan Shao's letter to Xun Yu and said, "Now I am ready to crusade against injustice, but my strength cannot match it, what should I do?"

Xun Yu said: "Since ancient times, if you are really talented, even if you are weak, you will become strong; If you are a mediocre person, even if you are strong, you will become weak. The survival of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu is enough to make people understand this truth. Now the only person who competes with you in the world is Yuan Shao. Yuan Shao seems to be tolerant and narrow-minded, but the appointment of talents is too suspicious, you are clear and accessible, not informal, only to move, only to use, this is better than Yuan Shao in measurement; Yuan Shao hesitates and hesitates when encountering things, rarely makes decisions, and often misses good opportunities, but you can make decisions on major matters, adapt to changes, and do not follow the rules, which is better than Yuan Shao in strategy; Yuan Shao's military discipline is not strict, the law can not be established, although there are many soldiers, but it can not be skillfully appointed, your laws and regulations are strict, rewards and punishments must be carried out, although the soldiers are few, but they all fight to the death, which is better than Yuan Shao in the use of soldiers; Yuan Shao with his famous nobles, pretending, playing small skills and win reputation, so the lack of talent among the scholars and the preference for false names are mostly attached to him, you treat people with benevolence, sincerity, do not seek vanity, act strictly and self-denying, and do not hesitate when rewarding meritorious people, so the world's loyal and upright, pragmatic scholars are willing to serve you, which is better than Yuan Shao in virtue. With the advantages of these four aspects, assist the Son of Heaven, support justice, and conquer rebellion, who dares not to obey? What is the use of Yuan Shaoqiang? ”

Cao Cao was very happy when he heard this, and Xun Yu also said: "If you don't take Lu Bu first, then Hebei will not be easy to plot." Cao Cao said, "As you said. But what I am worried about is that I am afraid that Yuan Shao will invade Guanzhong, cause the Qiang and Hu rebellions, and lure Liu Zhang to the south, in which case I will use Yanzhou and Yuzhou to fight against five-sixths of the world. So what to do? Xun Yu said: "There are thousands of generals in Guanzhong, and no one can unify them, only Han Sui and Ma Chao are the strongest." When they saw that there was a war going on in the area east of the Kushan Mountains, they must have each supported their own troops. Now, if you appease them with kindness and send messengers to communicate with them, even if you can't settle down for a long time, at least until you settle Shandong, it will be enough to keep you from changing. The affairs of Kansai can be entrusted to Zhong Hyun, so you can go out with peace of mind. ”

In May of the third year of Jian'an (198), Cao Cao defeated Zhang Xiu; In December, Cao's army invaded Xiapi, killed Lü Bu, and pacified Xuzhou.

In April of the fourth year of Jian'an (199), Cao Cao sent his troops to cross the Yellow River to the north, kill the Zhenggu who was dependent on Yuan Shao, capture the shooting dog (northwest of present-day Wuzhi, Henan), and control Hanoi County (Zhihuai County, southwest of present-day Wuzhi, Henan). Because Cao Cao concentrated his forces in the inner line of operations, broke through each one, fought quickly, and gradually changed from weak to strong, he had Yan, Henan, Xu and other prefectures, and prepared conditions for resisting Yuan Shao's group.

At this time, Yuan Shao defeated Gongsun Zan of Youzhou and became the most powerful separatist force in the north. In June, Yuan Shaotong, a separatist force in Hebei, led 100,000 elite soldiers and 10,000 horses to attack Xuchang in the south.

Around the question of whether to resist Yuan, another debate began within the Cao Cao group. The celebrity Kong Rong opposed the struggle with Yuan Shao, he said: "Yuan Shao is a wide army, there are Tian Feng, Xu You and other advisers to give advice for him, and loyal ministers such as trial and matching, Feng Ji and other loyal ministers do things for him, Yan Liang and Wen Chou bravely crown the three armies and lead the army for him, I am afraid it will be difficult to defeat!" Xun Yu said: "Although Yuan Shaobing is numerous and the law is not rectified, Tian Feng is stubborn and easy to commit crimes, Xu You is greedy and undisciplined, the trial is dictatorial and unscrupulous, and the discipline is decisive and stubborn for self-use, these two people take care of the rear, if Xu You's family violates the law, they will not let it go, and if they are not lenient, Xu You will inevitably rebel." As for Yan Liang and Wen Chou, they are just the courage of a horseman, and they can be captured in one battle!" The words strengthened Cao Cao's confidence in defeating Yuan Shao.

In the fifth year of Jian'an (200), the Battle of Guandu broke out. In September, when Cao's army was running out of food and the soldiers were tired, Cao Cao wrote a letter to Xun Yu, preparing to retreat to Xuchang. Xun Yu replied: "Although the current military food is small, it is not as difficult as Chu and Han between Xingyang and Chenggao. At that time, both Liu and Xiang refused to retreat first, and the party that retreated first must be passive. It has been half a year that you have held on to the spot with only one-tenth of the enemy's strength, choking the enemy by the throat and preventing him from advancing. The enemy's details are clear, the sharp energy has dried up, and the situation will definitely change, this is a good opportunity to use the trick, and you can't lose it! Cao Cao took his advice and continued to stand by. Soon, Xu You's family broke the law and was imprisoned, and Xu You was angry and defected to Cao Cao and offered a plan to attack the black nest. Cao Cao then attacked Wuchao with a surprise army (see Battle of Wuchao), beheaded Yu Qiong and others, annihilated more than 70,000 Yuan troops, and Yuan Shao only led 800 cavalry to cross the river to the north and fled from then on. Cao Cao eventually won this strategic decisive battle and laid the foundation for the unification of northern China.

And "the trial is matched to allow the lawlessness of the family, to accept his wife, and to be angry and rebellious; Yan Liang and Wen Chou were awarded the head; Tian Feng admonished and punished", etc., exactly the same as Xun Yu foresaw. Cao Cao won the battle of Guandu, Yuan Shao was defeated and retreated north, and sent his army to Cangting (now Yanggu, Shandong).

In March of the sixth year of Jian'an (201), Cao Cao wanted to attack Liu Biao of Jingzhou, who had allied with Yuan Shao, in the south. Xun Yu believed: "Now that Yuan Shao has failed and the people are separated, we should take this opportunity to pacify Hebei in one fell swoop; We are backed by Yanzhou and Yuzhou, such as an expedition to Jiang and Han, at this time, if Yuan Shao collects its remnants and takes advantage of the weakness to attack our rear, your major event will be over. Cao Cao accepted his plan, so he marched north in April and raised his troops on the Yellow River; Launched an attack on Yuan Shao's army stationed in Cangting, and annihilated Yuan's army in Cangting in one fell swoop. At this point, Yuan Shao's main force was completely lost. In September, Cao Cao's class returned to Xu (now Xuchangdong, Henan).

In May of the seventh year of Jian'an (202), Yuan Shao was angry because of the defeat and vomited blood, and his sons Yuan Tan and Yuan Shang attacked each other for inheritance.

In the eighth year of Jian'an (203), Cao Cao was on the table, and Xun Yu was named the Marquis of Long Live Pavilion. Xun Yu, who was serving as Shang Shuling, saw Cao Cao's expression. He was very modest, believing that he had no military merits, and pressed the watch down. Therefore, Cao Cao wrote to him again: "Since working with you, you have helped correct errors and auxiliary politics, recommended talents, put forward strategies, and planned carefully, and have done a lot. Meritorious service does not necessarily depend on combat, I hope you don't push back. Only then did Xun Yu accept the title of Marquis of Wansui Pavilion (in present-day Xinzheng County, Henan).

In the ninth year of Jian'an (204), Cao Cao conquered Yecheng and led the pastor of Jizhou. Someone said to Cao Cao: "It is advisable to place Kyushu retro, then Jizhou is made by a large number of people, and the world is served." Cao Cao was about to follow it, but Xun Yu objected, and Cao Cao followed.

At that time, Xun You was Cao Cao's mastermind, and Xun Yu and Xun You were both prominent inside. Xun Yu distributed everything he gave to his clansmen and friends, and his family had no money to spare. Cao Cao also took Xun Yun, the eldest son of Xu Xunyu, the princess of Anyang, as his wife.

In the tenth year of Jian'an (205 years), Hedong rebelled, Cao Cao asked Xun Yu to recommend talents, Xun Yu said: "Xiping is too guarded by Jingzhao Duji, brave enough to face difficulties, wise enough to adapt." Cao Cao then made Du Ji the Taishou of Hedong. After Du Yi took office, he quelled the rebellion, widely implemented benevolent government, and served for 16 years, and his political achievements were honored as the first in the world.

In March of the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), the number of Xunyu food yi was increased by 1,000, and a total of 2,000 households were added before and after. He also had to give the post of three dukes (at that time, Taiwei, Situ, and Sikong were the three dukes), and Xun Yu made Xun Yu resign more than a dozen times before giving up.

In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), Cao Cao prepared to crusade against Liu Biao and asked Xun Yu for advice, Xun Yu said: "Today, China is peaceful, and the southern soil is in trouble." It can show that Wan and Ye are moving lightly to hide their surprise." Cao Cao's southern expedition, in August, Liu Biao died of illness, and Cao Cao won Jingzhou.

In the seventeenth year of Jian'an (212), Cao Cao wanted to enter the prince of the kingdom and add the title of Jiuxi (Jiuxi is the nine kinds of rewards given by ancient emperors to ministers, including chariots and horses, clothes, musical instruments, warriors, bows and arrows, etc., which is the highest courtesy to ministers). Xun Yu believes: "(Cao Gong) Benxing volunteers to Kuang Dynasty Ningguo, with loyalty and sincerity, to defend the truth of retreat; A gentleman loves virtue and should not be like this", so he angered Cao Cao.

In the same year, Cao Cao conscripted Sun Quan and let Xun Yu go to the county to work in the army, and after Xun Yu arrived, Cao Cao took the opportunity to keep him in the army. Feng Xunyu is a servant, a doctor of Guanglu, holding a festival, and participating in the military of the prime minister. Cao Cao's army was wet, Xun Yu stayed in Shouchun (now Shou County, Anhui) due to illness, and died of anxiety soon after (about Xun Yu's death, there is such a saying in the history books: Cao Cao gave food to Xun Yu at that time, Xun Yu opened the food vessel, and saw that there was nothing in the vessel, so he was forced to take poison and commit suicide [15]), at the age of fifty. Nicknamed the Marquis. His son Xun Yun heir, the later official to the tiger Ben Zhonglang general. [17] The following year, Cao Cao was crowned Duke of Wei.

In the second year of Xianxi (265), Xun Yu was posthumously presented as a lieutenant.

Xun Yu, as Cao Cao's chief strategist and hero to unify the north, was known as "Wang Zuozhicai". He has been in the middle for more than ten years, dealing with military affairs, and is respectfully called "Xun Lingjun". He has made many achievements in planning, plotting, Kuang Bi, and lifting people, and was called "my son's room" by Cao Cao.

Xun Yu formulated a blueprint and military line for Cao Cao's planning to unify the north in terms of strategy, and revised Cao Cao's strategic policy many times, which was appreciated by Cao Cao, including "deeply rooted in the foundation to control the world" and "welcoming the Son of Heaven"; In terms of tactics, he once faced Lu Bu's rebellion and protected the three cities of Yanzhou, plotted to strangle Yuan Shao in Guandu, and narrowly advanced from Wan and Ye to cover up his surprise attack on Jingzhou and many other achievements; In terms of politics, Xun Yu recommended a large number of talents such as Zhong Xuan, Xun You, Chen Qun, Du Xi, Xi Zhicai, and Guo Jia for Cao Cao.